JOURNAL OF CROP ECOPHYSIOLOGY (AGRICULTURE SCIENCE)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:8

The effect of drought Stress on branch and main stem yield and yield components of determinate soybean [Glycin max L.) Merr], was evaluated in factorial experiment Agriculture Faculty of Shahr-e- Kord University in 2005. The experimental factors were three determinate soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, Brim and Stonewall) and three drought stress levels; control, irrigated at 50% (S1) and at 25% available water (S2). Drought stress did not decrease grain yield of the main stem but decreased it in the branches severely. The highest grain yield of main stem and its contribution to total grain yield were obtained to be 6.53 gr, 65.23% for S2, and 6.21gr, 44.23% for S1 and 5.98gr, 36.04% for control treatments respectively. The highest grain yield of the branches and their contribution to total grain yield in control, S1 and S2 were obtained to be 10.61gr, 63.95%; 7.83gr, 55.76% and 3.48gr, 34.76% respectively. Number of grains per branch was highly correlated with their grain yield, total grain yield, branch length and branch number (p<0.01).

Different interference periods of weed on leaf area index, yield and yield components of corn hybrids, were investigated in a factorial experiment conducted of research station of faculty of agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in 2007. The treatments consisted of weed interference periods (interference at 2 - 4 Leaf Stage, 4 - 6 Leaf , 6 - 8 Leaf stages, full season weed interference and weed free control plot) and three Corn hybrids (504 , 604 and 704). Results showed that the traits such as biological yield, leaf area index and number of grain per plant in a row were affected by weed interference treatments and maize hybrids significantly. While the grain yield, and Harvest index were Influenced by corn hybrids, significantly. But there was not significant difference in weed interference treatments. Biological yield and leaf area index in full season weed interference in comparison with weed free control plot reduced 25%, 48%, respectively. In this study 504 hybrid with grain yield 5.8 tha-1 , biological yield 11.6 t.ha-1 and harvest index 49% was found to be better than hybrids 604 and 704 hybrids.

response of 8 bread wheat recombinant inbred lines along with their parental cultivars (Roshan and Super Head) to water deficit was evaluated in a split plot experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications under three irrigation levels (80, 120 and 160 mm evaporation from the pan) at the agriculture research station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch in 2009. Univariate analysis of variance revealed significant difference among lines with respect to all the traits studied. Significant difference was observed among irrigation levels for grain yield and thousand-grain weight. Line×stress interaction was significant for harvest index and number of fertile and non-fertile tiller. Roshan cultivar produced highest grain yield. In the factor analysis, the first three factors explained 86.95% of total variation. The two first factors were named as growth and grain yield factors, respectively. Cluster analysis, using WARD algorithm, based on all the traits grouped the lines into two cultivars. Grouping was confirmed by Discriminant analysis.

To obtain superior genotypes from 30 advanced spring bread wheat cultivars a field experiment in RCBD in was carried out In 1388.Traits like yield, yield components, harvest index, peduncle length, awn length, number of leaf, plant height, flag leaf area, penultimate flag area, days to booting, days to spike emergence, days to flowering and physiological maturity were recorded in this experiment. Analysis of Variance showed significant difference among genotypes at %1 probability level. This indicates considerable genetic variation among evaluated lines. Cluster analysis through Ward method using all the traits, grouped lines into three clusters. Eight lines located in third cluster were superior with respect to grain yield and other important traits like biologic yield, number of seed per spike, spike length, peduncle length, plant height, flag leaf area, and number of spike per m² were superior. Factor analysis, five factors discriminated 78.99% of total variation. In this analysis, the first factor could determine 35% of total variation and nominated as effective factor on grain yield. Line with accession number N-75-5 was found to be highest yielding (289.5 g/m2). As compared with the other lines.

cold stress is one of the environmental factors that effect planting date of durum wheat in mountainous north west of area. to study tolerance of 36 Durum wheat lines fot cold, an experiment was conducted in mid winter (mid of February) at the Agriculture Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, in 2007. Experimental design used was simple lattice. The results of analysis of variance showed that the lines under study responseded differently to cold as to traits like percentage of survival, yield and its components.  This indicates existence of genetic diversity between durum wheat lines. percentage of survival of the lines 30, 5, 16, 27, 31 and 35 were for higher than those at other lines. Thus, they can be considered to be tolerant to early season cold. Comparison of means showed that lines 35,31,16 and 5 possessed higher percentage of survival and other percent survival also correlated positive with plant height, number of fertile spike seed yield and 1000 grain weight. As a whole line 35 was found to be more tolerant to early season cold than the others were. Cluster analysis was divided of 36 lines into three groups, lines in the third group possessd higher percentage of survival, plant height, number of fertile spike, biomass and high yield than their over all means.

The purpose of this survey study was to examine the effectiveness of agricultural advisory services given to wheat farmers through monitor specialists of wheat farm that whether or not their knowledge، skills and attitude toward monitor specialists of wheat farm and their advisory services are enhanced. The research instrument was structural questionnaire with close-ended questions، which its validity and reliability was confirmed. The target population of this study consisted of all wheat farmers who participated in wheat plan in West Azerbaijan province (N=6293)، out of which، according to Krejcie and Morgan research's table، a number of 362 people were selected by using statistical sampling in a stratified and cluster randomization methods. Finally 326 questionnaires were filled out and analyzed (n=326). The results of correlation tests and multivariate regression showed that delivered agricultural advisory services to wheat farmers of West Azerbaijan province through wheat monitor specialists of wheat farm was effective.

The purpose of this study, estimation technical efficiency of cucumber greenhouses in Eastern Azarbayjan. In economic literature it means the ratio of obtained output to maximum production which can be expected from a given inputs. The main objective of this research is the determination of technical efficiency of each cucumber greenhouses and finding effective factors on technical inefficiency. The method of determination of deterministic and stochastic technical efficiency is corrected ordinary least squares (COLS) and maximum likelihood (ML) respectively. The average of technical efficiency in province’s cucumber greenhouse is approximately about 57 and 93 percent for deterministic and stochastic frontier method respectively. Cultivation types have positive influence on technical inefficiency and manager experience have negative influence on technical inefficiency.

Although rate of economic growth is not only way to measure economic development, it is relatively more important than the indices. Agriculture sector plays the main role on economic growth and sustainable development. In addition, it has significant impact on most social, political and economic issues by producing strategic food products for ever-increasing population. Therefore, the present study investigated causal relationship between agricultural and economic growth in Iran. To this end, the Granjer’s causality test was used after employing the Augmented Dicky-Fuller test to see if the variables under consideration are stationary. The result showed that there a long learn feedback relationship between these variables and agriculture developments.