VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (25)|Papers Count:8

Fungi present on normal ocular surface become pathogen in certain conditions such as corneal damage. Therefore, Knowledge of normal conjunctival mycoflora is important for prompt and proper treatment of equine keratomycosis. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the mycoflora of conjunctiva in clinically normal equine species in Urmia, Iran. Swabs were taken from the conjunctival fornix of both eyes of horses (n=35) and mules (n=50), without external ocular inflammation. The culture samples were seeded in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and incubated for 10 days at 25° C. Collectively, 191 isolates belonging to 13 fungal species were identified. Aspergillus was the most commonly isolated fungal genus in horses (48.63%) and mules (38.88%). The fungal species isolated are comparable with similar studies performed on horses in other countries. This is the first report of conjunctival mycoflora in mules.

Artemisia Aucheri is a medicinal plant which has powerful sedative and anxiolytic effects. Also there are a lot of anti-oxidant agents in its extract. The purpose of this research is studying the sedative and anxiolytic effects of polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions, extracted from Artemisia Aucheri in comparison with diazepam in the animal model of Rat. For this purpose, polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions were extracted from Artemisia Aucheri, based on the polarity of solvent. The injection of the obtained fractions and other medications were made to different groups of female wistar rats which the same age and weight. Group was injected with 100mg/kg of Polar fraction extract, the second group with 100mg/kg of Semi-polar extract, the third group, with 100 mg/kg of non-polar extract of Artemisia Aucheri, the fourth group with 2 mg/kg of Diazepam, the fifth group with the same volume of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for studying the effect of solvent. The method of injection was Intra peritoneal (IP) form. The sixth group was the control group and did not receive any medications. Thirty minutes after injections, Ketamin 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in all 6 groups. Then induction and sleeping time was measured in seconds. Statistical results showed a meaningful decrease of anesthetic induction time and increase of sleeping time of Ketamin-induced anesthesia, after IP injection of the Polar fraction of  Artemisia Aucheri (P<0.05) and  also a meaningful increase of time spent by rats in the open arms of maze after Polar-fraction injection of Artemisia Aucheri (P<0.05). The results showed that the polar fraction of Artemisia Aucheri has more sedative and anxiolytic effects than diazepam and other fractions.

The sport efficiency of horse depends on its ability to overcome excess metabolic requirements during severe physical activity. One of the methods to evaluate these metabolic requirements is determination of the kind and rate of changes preduced in biochemical parameters. In the present study that was done in nine Arab horses from 4 to 10 years old, serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride and potassium were measured in different times before and after intensive physical activity. The blood samples were collected at 1 h before (T0) just after )T1(, 3 hours (T2) and 24 hours (T3) after running with maximum speed in a 1250-meter course. The results showed that except for calcium and chloride, the other minerals were significantly increased just after running or in other times compared to (p<0.05). It seems that factors like stress induced by racing conditions and sweating increase the measured parameters.

The agent of chicken infectious anemia (CIA) belongs to Circoviridae. CIA can cause severe anemia, immunosuppression and high sensitivity to bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneous infection of CIA with Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian influenza (AI) in broiler chickens of Chahrmahal-va-Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, in 2011, from 14 broilers chicken flocks at 2-7 weeks old age, with confirmed ND and AI thymus and bursa of fabricious were sampled for amplification of 1390 base pair fragment of VP1 of CIA virus. Histopathologic the result of PCR showed that 4 flocks (28.57%) were one hundred percent infected with CIA. examination approved the results of PCR. This study showed high simultaneous infection rate of CIA with ND and AI that causes high mortality in these flocks. Therefore, this may be related to immunosuppressant effect of CIA, alone or with other infections.

Chemotherapy agents, in addition to cancer cells, target all dividing cells in clouding spermatogenic cells. These cells could be protected from the determintal effects of chemotherapy agents in addition of FSH and LH secretion using GnRH antagonist (cetrolix) . In the present study 30 male balb/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of control (receiving no treatment), experimental 1 (receiving a 2.5mg/kg/bw dose of cisplatin as intraperitoneal injection for 5 days) and experimental 2 (a group that received GnRH antagonist in addition to cisplatin). Five week safter the last injection, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation and testicular specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopy. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test and p<0.05 is considered as significant. Morphometric results showed that spermatogenesis index (SI) in control and experimental 1 groups were respectively 24.43±9.22 and 1.52±1.39,respectively the number of sertoli cells in control and experimental 1 groups were 5.50±0.52 and 8.61±0.80,respectively showing a significant reduction of SI and increasing of sertoli cells in experimental 1 group (p<0.05). Electron microscopy revealed that in experimental 1 group, blood-testis barrier was irregular and sertoli cells were separated from basal lamina. In experimental 2 group, cetrorelix almost prevented such changes. It can be concluded that cetrorelix could almost prevent the detrimental effects of chemotherapy on germinal epithelium.

Abdominal surgeries can result in intra abdominal adhesions. Since Satureja Khuzestanica is used for its anti oxidant, anti lipid, anti inflammatory and anti bacterial effects, it might also play a role in preventing intra abdominal adhesion. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to assess the effects of this plant compared with vitamin C in the prevention of post surgical intra abdominal adhesions. Forty rats were used for this experimental study and were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 10 rats. Ten ml of 0.9% normal saline, 250 mg/kg vitamin C, 250 mg/kg Satureja Khuzestanica, and both vitamin C plus Satureja Khuzestanica were used for the first, second, third and fourth group, respectively. Mazuji classification and pathology assessment were used to grade the amount of adhesion. According to our findings, vitamin C in addition to Satureja Khuzestanica is effective in preventing abdominal adhesions.

Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of La Sota and Avinew vaccines in broiler chicks. In this study, 270 day old Ross broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. Avinew and lasota vaccines were used in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Group 3 was the covered group and Newcastle vaccine wasn't used in this group. Breeding conditions were the same in the 3 groups and blood samples were collected the 3 groups and blood samples were collectd on days 1,14,24,34 and 44 for determination of antibody titers obtained from Newcastle vaccines using the ELISA serologic test.The results indicated that in the vaccinated groups, antibody titers increased significantly (v<0.05) after day 14 in comparison to the control group. In the control group, the antibody titer belonging to maternal immunity decreased significantly (p<0.05) after day 14 and the chicks became susceptible to Newcastle disease. Antibody titers obtained from the two vaccines significantly different (p<0.05) but due to less adverse reactions following vaccination, the Avinew vaccine is preferred over the lasota vaccine.

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of influenza in horses on the electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrhythmias and concentration of cardiac troponin in serum and serumic activity of some enzymes. After electrocardiography and count heart rate, blood samples were taken from jugular vein in 202 stallions (1-3 years). After centrifugation, the serum was removed and then seroprevalence of equine influenza was investigated by ELISA method. From 202 horses, 19 samples (9.5%) were positive and 183 samples (90.5%) were negative and these horses were put in deseased and healthy groups, respectively. In all samples cardiac troponin I, liver enzymes, total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinin, cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were measured. The electrocardiograms of all the horses were taken and the kind of cardiac arrhythmias were recorded. Average heart rate increased significantly in diseased group (p< 0.05). Occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was significantly greater in diseased group (p< 0.05). Changes in QRS complex were significant in diseased group. The serumic concentration of cardiac troponin I increased significantly (p= 0.023). The difference mean of liver enzymes was not significant between two groups exept for alkaline phosphatase. In diseased group the mean of total protein and albumin increased significantly (p= 0.046 and p= 0.021, respectively) but, glucose and cholesterol decreased nonsignificantly. The mean difference of urea, creatinin and triglyceride was nonsignificant between the two groups. The end result was that following equine influenza some electrocardiographic changes were created in horses most of which are physiologic changes and the concentration of cardiac troponin I, total protein, albumin and liver enzymes in are increased.