VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2014 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (29)|Papers Count:8

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of the additive containing Artichoke premix concentrated (APC) on growth performance, serum cholesterol level, carcass characteristics and immune responses of broilers two separate trials were conducted. In the first trial, APC was added at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 gr/ton diet during the first 21 days of growing period. One hundred and fifty unsexed day old broiler chickens of Ross strain were randomly divided in three groups with 5 replicate of 10 chicks in each cage, by a completely randomized design. At the end of each week, the birds were weighed individually and feed conversion ratios calculated. In order to determine serum cholesterol level, at day 21 blood sample was taken from 15 chickens per treatment. At the end of the 42nd day, 5 birds from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered for investigation of carcass characteristics. In the second trial, the effects of APC at 150gr/ton feed were studied on growth parameters and immune function of broiler chickens in a commercial farm. The results showed that application of APC in a level of 200 gr/ton diet significantly increased body weight of chickens at the first (p<0.01) and sixth weeks (p<0.05) of age. Feed conversion ratio was improved significantly during the 0-7 (p<0.01), 0-21 (p<0.05) and 0-42 (p<0.01) days. The blood cholesterol level significantly (p<0.01) decreased in group of chickens that were fed APC in the diet when compared with the control birds. The carcass characteristics showed a significant increase (p<0.01) in average live weight, carcass weight, thigh and breast weights of Arc fed birds compared with the control birds, as treatment with APC significantly decreased abdominal fat of treated birds (p<0.05). On the other hand in the commercial farm conditions, APC cause improved growth performance and immune responses of broiler chickens but such improvements were not significant.

In order to increase information about the molecular diversity of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and buffalo, 2 buffalo and 8 cattle isolates were investigated by Restriction Endonuclease Analysis (REA). REA was performed with Hha-I Endonuclease which established 2 distinct profiles: I and II. Cattle and buffalo isolates fell into both REA profiles. Contrary to previous studies, the genetic diversity of the isolates was negligible. Considering the similarity of cattle and buffalo isolates is the present study, further studies witch larger samples should be carried out to investigate the possibility of inter-species transmission.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a common clinical problem. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. In this study 50 male rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups: control (intact animals), group-1 (I/R 60min+olive leaf extract), group-2 (I/R 60min), group-3 (I/R 120min+olive leaf extract) and group-4 (I/R 120min). The animals received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 28 days. Other animals received 0.5 ml normal saline by gavages. At the end of the treatment, the level of antioxidant enzymes including TAC, MDA, SOD and GPX were determined in renal tissue. Administration of olive leaf extract can significantly increase activity of TAC, GPX and SOD in group1and 3 compared with group 2 and 4. Also, MDA level in renal tissue of treated groups was significantly lower than ischemia-reperfusion groups (p<0.05). This study showed that olive leaf extract has protective effects against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury.

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one the most important zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, in the current pilot study a total of 50 Iranian one-humped camels of both sexes and different ages that were kept by local farmers in Yazd province of Iran were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Whole blood samples were investigated by PCR assay using B1 gene. The results revealed that none of the tested camels were infected with Toxoplasma gondii. The current pilot study is the first attempt for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in camels in Iran by PCR method. Further studies in different regions of the country seem necessary to outline the importance of the disease. Also, experimental infection of camels with Toxoplasma gondii is recommended to study the course of the disease.

In order to study external parasites of laboratory reared animals at Razi institute, different methods including brushing of animal's surface body, cellophane tape of body surface, peri-anal cellophane tape test (CTT) and skin scrapings and digestive method were applied and collected samples were studied. In addition, field collected rats were tested using brushing method. One mouse had been infested by some mites. Rabbits, rats, mice and guinea pigs had not been infested with external parasites. Field collected rats had been highly infested with mites from the family Laelapidae. The, brushing method was confirmed to be a useful method for mite detection. According to the methods used in this study and these recommended by SOP from international animal breeding centers the CTT method was proposed to be useful for preparing health certificate of laboratory animals at the department of laboratory animal breading at Razi institute. 

Aeromonas hydrophilia is the etiologic agent of motile aeromonas septicaemia, one of the most important bacterial diseases of fresh and marine water fishes. The aim of the present study was detection of A. hydrophilia in the aquarium goldfish and cultured rainbow trout in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province. In this study 50 goldfish from aquarium fish shops and 60 rainbow trouts suspected of having the disease from 6 farms (10 fish in each farm) were randomly collected. The average weight in goldfish and rainbow trout samples were 3-5 g and 10-20 g, respectively. Sampling was performed from kidney and liver, and inoculated into blood agar and incubated at 22oC for 24 hours. Pure colonies which are grown on the mediums were tested by catalase, oxidase and gram staining, then those of gram-negative, catalase and oxidase positive were diagnosed, and cultured on Shotts-Rimler medium (as selective medium for A. hydrophila). These mediums were incubated at 22oC for 24-48 h. The typical colonies were tested by using oligonucleotide primers of lip gene by PCR method. In light of molecular analysis of all specimens, 9 and 6 isolates from rainbow trout and gold fishes were identified as A. hydrophila respectively. Due to the detection of A. hydrophila in both cultured rainbow trout and aquarium goldfish, the bacteria can lead to septicemia with mortality if the health management principles are not observed in fish farming.

Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan protozoa that can cause enteric infection or respiratory form of infection with up to 10% mortality in broiler flocks. In the respiratory forms up to 50% of a flock may show clinical signs. In addition to the direct economic effects of the clinical disease, the damage caused to the immune system and interaction with other pathogens such as IBD virus has significant effects. In the present study, 400 fecal samples from 20 broiler farms were prepared and examined. Based on our results, cryptosporidium infection was seen in 2 of 20 studied farms. Infection rate in two farms were 40% and 65% respectively. According to these results and other studies, cryptosporidium infection could be an important problem in poultry farms and it is necessary to carry out further studies about cryptosporidium infection in poultry farms.

The use of biological substances is among the methods utilized to increase the rate and quality of wound healing. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of co-administration of St John's wort hydroethanolic extract and flaxseed oil for acceleration of wound healing based on their therapeutic properties. The study was conducted on 72 male Wistar rats. Experimental wounds measuring 7 mm in diameter was created on both sides of animals then the animals treated with ointments once a day for 2 consecutive weeks. Wound area was determined on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 using a transparent paper. Tissue samples were collected on days 3, 7 and 14 for histopathological studies. According to the data, hydroethanolic extract of St John's wort and flaxseed oil ointment decreased wound area and distribution of polymorphonuclear immune cells in wound area as well as increase in new vessel formation and fibroplasia (P<0.05). Furthermore, wound healing process was better in group treated with hydroethanolic extract of St John's wort and flaxseed oil ointment compared to the other groups.