NEW FINDINGS IN AGRICULTURE
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:3 (23)|Papers Count:8

This experiment has been conducted at Mazandaran Agricultural Research center based in Gharakheil in Ghaemshahr in the crop year 1389 as complete blocks located in 4 replications. Sowing dates at 4 levels 24 July, 2, 12, 23 th August were the major factor and 3 corn hybrids pre maturing S.C540, mide maturing S.C647 & Late maturing S.C704 were the sub- factors. Maximum forage yield was obtained for sowing dates 24 July & 2 August to scales 43.3 & 41.82 ton/hec respectively and by delaying the plantation due to stem wet weight to scales 52.8%, corn until 39.1% leaves wet weight until 52.0% & corn diameter until 27.9% the yield of wet forage decreased to 47.2%. The corn length increased 12.7% due to delay cropping. Maximum wet forage yield was obtained for pre maturing hybrid 38.24 ton / h and the minimum was obtained for mid maturing hybrid with 31.41 ton/ h. The maximum Protein% of forage was obtained for sowing date of 2 th August with 6.762% and the minimum % for sowing date of 24 th July to scales 4.037%. The intraction effects of hybrid and sowing date just had significant effect on the corn Length & diameter. For summery sowing of Silo corn in gharakheil in ghaemshahr region, pre maturing hybrid S.C540 by sowing on 24 July is suggestioned.

To study genotype x environment interaction and stability of grain yield in bread wheat genotype, 8 bread wheat genotype were evaluated for grain yield in 6 locations in 2007-2010 cropping seasons. Six location included Sanandaj, Gorveh, Marivan, Divandarreh, Saggez and Baneh. Combined analysis of variance (three years x six locations) for grain yield showed significant differences among the genotypes, year x location, genotype x year and year x location x genotype interaction were significant. Yield Stability indices used were Shukla stability variance, Rick ecovalance method, rank nonparametric method and cluster analysis. Results of stability analysis with Riclk ecovalance method showed that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest amount of ecovalance. Stability analysis based on Shukla method showed that Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the most stablest grain yield, respectively. Also stability analysis based on rank method showed that Alvand and Sabalan cultivars had the most stablest grain yield, respectively. Cluster analysis for mean yield and stability parameters grouped cultivars into five categories. The conclusion of results showed that the Zarrin and Sabalan cultivars had the lowest yield stability and can be recommended for studied locations.

In order to investigate the allelopathic effects of menthol and UV damage as a parameter of the effects of ozone on thyme and hock seed germination. In this research in two separate trials, the effect of menthol (25% -50% -75% and 100%) and 3 ultraviolet spectrum A (nm 400 – 320) and B (nm 320 - 290) and C (nm290-200) and control based on randomized complete block design in three replications in the laboratory of Mylajrd Payam Noor University were tested. According to the results of the phenology of plant growth and seed germination in four levels and five levels of radiation considered menthol, The results showed that the highest percentage of dewatering is in seeds control varieties treatment by 81% in thyme and 74% in hock, but there are significant difference between other treatments. Based on germination percentage, highest has been in control plants thyme with 81% and control hock with the 73%, respectively, with increasing concentration of menthol in hydroponic culture from 25% to 100%, germination has decline substantially from 77% to 51%  in thyme and 71% to 39% in the hock. In addition, between the control treatment of seeds with 25% menthol treatment There was no significant difference between treatments, but treatment with 50%, 75% and 100% was seen difference significant at 1% level according to Duncan test. In examining the results of treatment by ultraviolet rays was a significant difference .control treatment has the highest performance with the germination of 81% in thyme and 70% in the hock and results show that we have treatment UVA treatment with the treatment of other ultraviolet radiation significant difference at 1% Duncan test.

Hyssop with the scientific name Hyssopus officinalis belongs to the dark mint is a perennial plant that its usable parts are flowering branches, leaves and seeds. The infused vegetative body as a healing agent for the treatment of upper respiratory tract illnesses such as coughs, whooping cough, bronchitis and asthma is used. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties of hyssop essential oils in food, cosmetics and health are frequently used. This study is a split plot randomized complete block design with four replications form. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen by 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg per hectare and planting density in three  levels were 6, 8, 10 plants per square meter. The results showed that the highest yield of dry matter and medicinal body were obtained from 10 plants per square meter. Consumption of 225 kg per hectare and lack of nitrogen in the flowering stage, respectively, generating the maximum and the lowest number of leaves per plant in the main stem. The highest yield of medicinal body with consumption of 225 kg N per hectare is recommended. The density of 10 plants per square meter and use of 75 kg N per hectare is the best treatment.

The effects of water deficit stress and fertilizer manure and nitrogen were studied on yield and physiological characteristics of Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). An experiment was conducted at Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Takestan branch in 2010. Field experiment was carried out by a split plot design based on completely randomized block design with 4 replications. treatments were three levels of stress as irrigation after 40, 80 and 120 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan, and consumption of 90 kg/ha nitrogen, 75% N and 10 ton/ha fertilizer manure, 50% N and 20 ton/ha fertilizer manure, 25% N and 30 ton/ha fertilizer manure, 40 ton/ha fertilizer manure. The results indicated that water deficit stress had significant effect on diameter flower, plant height, biologic yield, flower yield and productivity effort. The highest biologic yield to 7416 kg/ha and productivity effort to 26.44 percent when irrigation after 40 mm evaporation from pan class A. Application fertilizer manure and nitrogen had significant effect on biologic yield, flower yield and productivity effort. The highest biologic yield, flower yield and productivity effort application 40 ton/ha fertilizer manure. Irrigation and application fertilizer manure and nitrogen interactions effect were significant in flower yield. The highest flower yield when irrigation after 40 mm evaporation from pan class A and application 40 ton/ha fertilizer manure. It seems, applying of Nitrogen fertilization had not significant effect on physiological characteristics on Calendula in water deficit stress.

Stress, particularly the combination of them reduction in plant growth and development. However, herb plants have shown resistance to stress. The purpose of this review, the study of the interaction region is important to extract Amaranthus retroflexus and chenopodium album and salinity on germination, growth and yield of root essential oil on valerian. Treatment was extracts of different weeds parts (root, shoot, total plant and control) Salinity levels also defined as control, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m. Maximum negative effect was shoot extract in witout sailinty and 12 ds/m sailinty on germination percent, root, shoot length and leaf area in 4, 8 month after emergence and root dry weight. 8 and 12ds/m sailinty reducing germination percent, shoot and root length and leaf area for eight months after emergence, leaf dry weight and root dry weight also. But 4 ds/m salinity drop leaf area in eight months after the green and dry weight of leaves. 4 ds/m salinity only for oil increased.

Identification of the important seed and oil yield components in safflower is very efficient in genetic improvement of these traits via indirect selection. For this reason, ten spring safflower cultivars were sown at normal irrigation and drought stress conditions based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research field of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch at 6 March 2009. Correlation analysis showed that positive and significant relation of 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant and oil yield with seed yield and 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, seed yield and oil percent with oil yield in drought stress condition. Results of correlation, regression and path analysis designed traits 1000-seed weight, No. seed/plant, No. seed/capitulum and biological yield are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield and traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant for oil yield in drought stress condition. In non-drought stress condition, traits 1000-seed weight and No. seed/plant have positive and considerable effects on seed yield and accounted for the largest amount of variation exist in this trait. Therefore, these traits are the best selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in non-stress condition. On the other hand, traits 1000-seed weight, days to physiological maturity and No. seed/plant are the most important oil yield components and recommended for breeding of this trait in non-drought stress condition.

To investigate the effect of spray silicon and plant density on agronomic traits of two corn hybrids in late summer planted (27 August) Research Station Branch, Islamic Azad University, conducted an experiment in 2010 as a split-split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. Two levels of silicon (sprayed and non-consumer) as the main factor and two maize hybrids (SC704 and SC640) as sub-factor and four planting densities (80, 706, 090 thousand plants per hectare) as minor factors were investigated. The effect of silicon was sprayed only on the number of seeds in rows in the 5% level of significance. Yield per unit area for hybrids SC640 was (20.3 percent) higher than the hybrid SC704, because the single cross hybrid seed weight greater than SC640 (20.8 percent). Harvest index and grain weight per ear for more than SC640 hybrids, SC704 were hybrids. Number of grains per row and ear to the ground and the number of days from sowing to maturity for the hybrid of SC704 more than hybrids SC640 was calculated. Number of grains per row, ear length, grain yield and planting density increased to 90 thousand plants per hectare Single plant decreasing trend of yield per unit area, but 9.2 percent was higher. Maximum yield per unit area of interaction between silicon and planting density for density and 80 thousand plants per hectare was obtained with foliar applications of silicon. In general, corn planted in late summer for the West region of Mazandaran, single cross hybrid 640 with a density of 90 thousand plants per hectare is recommended.