NEW FINDINGS IN AGRICULTURE
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue:1 (13)|Papers Count:8

In order to evaluate the rice residual management on ratoon yield and agronomical characteristics in rice varieties, an experiment was carried out in 2007. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots was four varieties including Tarom Mahalli, Tarom Langrodi, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Dylamani and three residual management including ground cutting, standing (cutting at 40 cm height) and lodging stubble (cutting at 40 cm height) as sub plots. Results showed that the highest plant height, panicle length, number of tiller per hill, panicle per m2 and grain yield was obtained in the Tarom Mahalli. The reason of highest grain yield in this variety were the increasing panicle length, number of tiller per hill and panicle per m2. The greatest number of spikelet per panicle was obtained on Tarom Hashemi. The lodging stubble method had the highest panicle length, 1000 grain weight and stubble yield. The greatest flag leaf length and fertile tiller percentage were observed in the ground cutting method. The number of spikelet per panicle had positive correlation with grain yield and the grain yield had negative correlation with tiller number at a=%1 level of probability. Therefore Tarom Mahalli variety and lodging stubble method introduced for ratooning harvest.

This research aims to screening and assessment of environmental effects an accumulation of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds to determine to what extend the transition process are affected by environmental factors and to what extent it is determined by genetic causes. Two different experiments were performed: The first on the basis of Augment series (because the genotypes were enormous) and the second based on the Randomized complete block design in three replications in two agriculturally potent areas with different climates in Ilam farms devoted to agricultural research. The results showed 85% of the genotypes had a similar behavior as to the transition of the four elements (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn). Elements transition was proved to be controlled by genetic rather than environmental factors. Inclusion of Feso4, ZnSo4, CuSo4 and MnSo4 treatment increased elements transition in 15% of genotypes, and when the treatment ceased, the transition process according to the genetic potential of the genotypes. Improving the seeds with regard to their ash led to an increase in the transition of all the elements mentioned. The transition rate could be recorded as follows: Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe with Zn recording the highest and Fe the lowest amount of transition. The accumulation of the four elements in chickpea seed had a synergist effect with Cu and Zn enjoying the highest and of the four elements in chickpea seed had a synergist effect with Cu and Zn enjoying the highest synergist effect (78%). The mineral Content among the genotypes ranged from 4 to 34 percent which is considered to be wide range. Correlations between seed ash and seed weight, and seed weight, and seed ash and the summation of the ions were 84% and 51% respectively, being significant at 1% finally, the results of the two experiments showed that the 1-12/54721/D genotype was the most suitable genotype with regard to the Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content and the amount of ash.

To consider density and application of various levels of irrigation intervals and plant density on yield and yield components and some physiological traits of forage sorghum Speedfeed cv., this research was done in the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University in 2008. This test was executed as a factorial based on CRBD with four replications. Treatments were selected as different density and rates of irrigation interval. An application treatment of irrigation of three levels 9, 13 and 17 days, and the treatment of crop densities on three levels consisted of 200, 300, and 400 thousands bushes per hectare. Traits such as plant height, stem height, panicle height, number of tiller, tiller height, number leaf of tiller, number of leaf, number of node, stem diameter, dry forage yield, wet forage yield, wet stem weight, dry stem weight, wet leaf weight, dry leaf weight, dry weight, wet weight, dry weight to wet weight, dry leaf weight to dry stem weight, LAI, TDW, CGR, RGR, NAR, LAR, LAD, LAID, BMD, SLA and LWR were studied. Results indicated that an effect of irrigation of the bush on plant height, stem height, panicle height, number of tiller, tiller height, number leaf of tiller, number of leaf, number of node, stem diameter, dry forage yield, wet forage yield, wet stem weight, dry stem weight, wet leaf weight, dry leaf weight, dry weight, wet weight, dry weight to wet weight, dry leaf weight to dry stem weight had a meaningful distinction. Also, the effect of different densities on plant height, stem height, panicle height, number of tiller, tiller height, number leaf of tiller, stem diameter, dry forage yield, wet forage yield, wet stem weight, dry stem weight, wet leaf weight, dry leaf weight, dry weight, wet weight, dry leaf weight to dry stem weight had a meaningful distinction. Interactions of the treatments on the plant height, stem height, number of tiller, tiller height, number leaf of tiller, stem diameter, dry forage yield, wet forage yield, wet stem weight, dry stem weight, dry weight, wet weight, dry leaf weight to dry stem weight became meaningful. The most forage yield gained per hectare was 74 ton/ha in an irrigation of 9 days once, and an application of density of 300,000 bushes.

To investigate the effects of different levels of potassium sulfate and zeolite on yield and yield component of potato Apria variety, a factorial experiment based on RCBD was conducted with three replications in 2009. It was done on Moradi farm which was 5 km far from faculty of agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Factors were considered as three levels of potassium sulfate, 125, 250 and 375 kg/ha, and four levels of zeolite including of zero, 2, 4 and 6 t/ha in Clinoptilolite type. The results showed that application of potassium sulfate and zeolite on all traits at 1% level was significant but interaction effects of potassium fertilizer and zeolite on any of traits were not significant. Increasing the potassium and zeolite levels, traits of main stem number, number of tubers per plant, mean weight of tuber, tuber yield per plant, tuber density, economic yield and total yield increased. The highest average of total yield equal 60.33 t/ha was obtained by 375 kg of potassium sulfate combined with 4 t/ha of zeolite and use of 250 kg.ha-1of potassium sulfate with 4 t/ha of zeolite with average yield 54.72 t/ha in one group were analyzed. Therefore logical that in accordance with local conditions of the experiment consumed 250 kg of potassium sulfate and 4 t/ha zeolite the desired yield is achieved.

To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (PEG) with densities 5 and 10 percent, potassium nitrate (KNo3) with densities 1 and 2 percent, potassium chloride (KC1) with densities 2 and 4 percent, water and control (without prime). The results showed that the maximum germination rate for polyethylene glycol prime solution obtained with potassium nitrate with densities 10 and 1 percent and hydro priming (water) and maximum rootlet length and germination average obtained for control and potassium nitrate 1 percent. The maximum length of rootlet to prime obtained with potassium nitrate 1 percent and lowest rootlet length and stems to prime potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. The maximum germination rate index, mean daily germination and mean time to germinate obtained priming with potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent and highest dry weight of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with 4 percent. The highest wet weight rate of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with densities 4 percent and minimum vigor ii index obtained with primed product by potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent.

In order to study the yield, yield component and seed protein content of chickpea genotypes in fall sowing, an experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 at research farm of Agricultural Institution of Zabol university .The experimental design was CRB with 4 replications. Nine genotypes including MCC49, MCC83, MCC297, MCC291, MCC349, MCC373, MCC386, MCC436, MCC509, and a local sample were investigated. Results showed that the genotypes have significant variations at all traits. With regard to main stem number per plant, MCC436 had the maximum and MCC386 had minimum amount by 2.83 and 1.25 respectively. The maximum and minimum number of secondary branch per plant, were observed in MCC436 and MCC509 respectively. The local sample appeared most late maturing period, maximum 100 grain weight (32 gr) and had the third rank by yielding 1068 kg/ha. The MCC373 was the earliest maturing genotype. The maximum pod number per plant and seed yield (1126 kg/ha) obtained by MCC436 genotype. Protein content was statistically differ among the genotypes, it varies from 16.3-23.4 and belongs to MCC207 and MCC509 respectively. The results showed that MCC436 had the high fitness, in comparison with others.

In order to study of variations among traits and clustering of genotypes regarding their similarities, an experiment with 100 safflower genotypes was conducted at research farm of Saveh Islamic Azad University. The experimental design was a 7*7 simple lattice. The results of analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences among genotypes were highly significant (P<0.01) for all traits. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from cultivars Goldasht and Padideh with 1700 and 433 kg/ha respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that the grain yield per plot is significantly correlated with oil yield, number of head and seed per head and number of secondary branches.  The results of path coefficient analysis showed that increasing of seed yield has been associated with number of bulb per plant, secondary branches and number of seed per bulb with coefficients as 0.610, 0.480 and 0.300 respectively.

In this research, The effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was evaluated on morphological characteristics. In order to obtain the best irrigation and nitrogen levels, the research was conducted in pot and greenhouse system in Zahedan. The treatments included three amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and three irrigation regimes (2 mm per week, 4mm per 2 weeks and 2 mm per 2 weeks). The studied factors were flower yield, plant height, flowering time, and anthodia height and anthodia diameter. The results indicated that the increase of nitrogen fertilizer from 20 to 60 kg/ha improved plant height, early flowering, anthodia height and diameter significantly. Highest amount of flower dry yield is obtained in 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer but highest amount of flower wet yield is obtained in 60 kg/ha and the lowest amount of flower wet yield is obtained in 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer. Irrigation also affects flower dry weight, anthodia diameter and flowering time in 2mm irrigation per week and 4 mm irrigation per two weeks increased plant height and flower wet weight significantly. The interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation was significant as plant height (31.89 cm), flowers wet weight (8.78 gr per pot) and flowering time (41 days) as concerned and the best treatments was 60 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation 4 mm per two weeks. According to the results, it appears that 60 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer plus 4 mm irrigation per two weeks was the best treatment to produce the flower yield in German chamomile in organic system.