TARIKH
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:8

Faculty Member, Department of Islamic History and Civilization, Law Faculty, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran Different nations, schools, and figures have affected on the bloom of science in Islamic civilization. including Kufa Scientific school and its scholars that with respect to the structure of the Iranian-Arabic population (Yemeni-Nazari) and  Imam Ali's (p.b-u.h) and Imam Sadegh's (p.b-u.h) presence have caused scientific  stimulus and the emersion and bloom of different sciences in the city. In this paper I have discussed the emersion of Kufa scientific school and Scientists' role  on Islamic civilization from Imam Ali's (p.b-u.h) arrival to establishing baghdad scientific field  by using the library research method. The result of this research indicated that the codification inception in sciences such asinter pretation, speech, and jurisprudence is related to Kufa and its scientific field. It also hadgreatrole in formularizing of other sciences and its issuance and bloom. Thereafter Kufa heritage was transferred to other scientific fields including baghdad.

Ghaznavids as the first government with Turkish race was established in the middle of the fourteh century in Iran. This dynasty was a very long-lasting dynasty and in two different era during 351 till 431 and from 431 till 582 took 230 years. During the existence of this government, different historic, political, fainancial, social and military events happened with neighboring governments and Abbasids government. This article tries to investigate whether decision making and having relations between this government and other neighboring governments is affected by domestic issues or paternizing (regarding this issue) and factors out of government structure (Abbasids caliphate or neighboring government) or both would be effective. By considering this issue various variables like relation between Abbasids government with other neighboring governments affecting each other have been considered. The results of this study is significant in understanding various effective factors between governments during middle history of Iran before Mongol attack.

Most historical facts about the destruction, decline and, eventually, fall of Aq-Quyunlus are presented in Safawid historians' works. The most complete and essential contents are mostly available in books written between 10th and 11th centuries. The notable point is that they have different perspectives, although they were related to a close historical period. Some of the historians believe that "fate worked its magic" and this dynasty fell. But, in keeping with this view, most historians have also considered the effects of other factors such as political, military and economic structures on the fall of Aq-Quyunlus. Meanwhile there are other historians who have more realistic attitude towards decline and fall of Aq-Quyunlus dynasty.

The Sufis as the most important factor was ever effective on the durability and penetration of Islamic ideology in Indian subcontinent of India, particularly since the middle of fifth century AH/eleventh AD that the Sufism has been propagated there, has tried for promotion of mystic Islam so that the great Sufis and mystics have been appeared there under the effective of Islamic-Iranian culture and established various dynasties of Sufism. Gradually, its educations and doctrines has covered the different aspects of Hindus' life and transformed the Indian subcontinent within the centuries and ages to one of the most important centers of mystical activity so far as the Sufis have deemed that land as the best place for promoting the different schools of doctrines and through applying different propagating styles which have been derived from Islamic rituals, mystic doctrines, and their individual characteristics leaded to the extension of Islam and Islamic Sufism among the Hindus. Therefore, the extant research relying on the existing data in historic resources and via descriptive-analytical approach, proceeds with the propagating styles of Indian Sufism and indicates that mystic propagations had promoted, widespread and development of Islam religion in Indian subcontinent to which extent.

Iranian Historiography formed in the 4th century of the Hegira, is a branch of Islamic historiography and therefore, has always been treated as an add-on or as an ancillary to Islamic historiography. However, Iranian historiography, in some domains, presents some differences with Islamic Historiography. One of the distinctive aspects of Iranian Historiography is the factors of its genesis. Iranian Historiography and Islamic Historiography grew up in different political, social and cultural contexts, and consequently, some of their objectives and functions were different. This paper aims to study the factors of the genesis and development of the Iranian Historiography.

Overseas and in expulsion newspapers in ghajar period without any doubt has been playing prominent and determinative role in introduction of Iranians, particularly Iranian intellectuals and idealist with modernist and fundamental concepts of Europe political and social, that underlie great political, social and economical solstices in west. in among of this newspapers, akhtar newspaper that has been published with fortitude of some progressivist and liberty Iranian in Istanbul, playing great role in explain and describe of new ideas and concepts of Europe with emphasis on enlightenment period and intellectual bases of france great revolution and transfer them to simplified for Iranians and Iranians idealists. Akhtar newspaper mission was defined in awareness and awakening thought in Iranian society.Beside of criticism of political and social state of iran in nasseri's period and criticized the government, akhtar author's has lots of effort in promoting concepts of low and freedom, structure of new europian governments and above all explain concepts and main slogans of france revolution. Akhtar's paper effects on intellectual awakeness of groups in iran society and introduction that with new changes and modern ideas and also in some radical movements in Iranian constitutional revolution. In this article we discuss akhtar newspaper's approach to political-social ideas of enlightenment and france revolution and transfer of that to iran.

Tekye (Monastery), place with a spiritual-traditional basis, has long been of interest tore searchers. In fact after Mosques, Monasteries are counted as spiritual base for Muslims especially Shia, and are among the integral elements of the physical body of most Iran cities and villages. This place was used in mourning days, especially Muharram days, for Taziehkhani, Shabihkhani, Pardehkhani, and sinehzaniceremonies. Considering the importance of the spiritual-traditional base, this study is seeking the analysis of different dimensions of the formation way, transformation, and the application of Tekye in Iran from the late Safavid period until the fall of the Pahlavi. This study was performed using the descriptive and analytical methods, based on field and library researches.

The people believes as for kings and gods and the quality of ceremonies have had the special importance in the ancient time. One of these cults was the homage gesture which had the varios ceremonies in the ancient middle east .These civilizations have adopted from each other in result of revelance, since among these civilizations has been the lingual, cultural and ceremonial resemblences and we can find out their belifs about these cults. In this article, we try to investigate the homage gesture in the course of the achaemenid and Sassanid danasties based on comparing the perspolis and sassanid inscriptions with the anceint middle east ones. Also we can understand the offspring of the homae gesture in the achaemenid an Sassanid time and their difference, resemblance and performance as well.