TARIKH
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:8

Baghdad is one of the most prominent scientific centers in the spread of Islam in East. In Baghdad's Shiite scholars worked in the field of jurisprudence, hadith, and the kelam. Baghdad was competing in some fields such as the Hadith with old center like Qom. In Baghdad, some characters like Hisham bin Hekam and Yunusbin abdolrahman and especially rational approach was effective on formation of scientific schools of Baghdad And this was giving the concession schools of Baghdad rather than Qom.

Resistance Movement of Tabriz in the age of despotism, was an endeavor to restore political system of constitutionalism. Mojahedan were the basic forces of resistance movement, that in the leadership of sattarkhan and Bagerkhan of first entered to the resistance movement and then attack to despotism forces. Mohammad Ali shah’s Forces were confronting with Mojahdan, that they were containing section of in habitants of Tabriz, tribal armed forces, some famous merchants of Tabriz and some high level religious leaders that were resident in the Eslamiya assembly at the shotorvban district of Tabriz. The clergy of Eslamiya with their religious orders were exiting the military forces in the battle with mojahedan and then they had important role in exciting them in the war with constitutional forces. In confront of this assembling opposite forces of constitutional, to addition to of mojahedan that were doing military role, there were some preachers that were helping mojahedan. All in all, the main work the preachers group that were doing was at first exciting the mojahedan to fight with despots and second exciting and encouragement of people to enjoin and protect of mojahed forces and at third step, confronting with religious propagandas of Islamic assembling. The third section of this program was the main and important act of preachers. That other mojahed forces hadn’t portion. There for the resistance movement of Tabriz was not only a military action but also a space of ideologicans thinking war that preachers was important force of this field. This paper intends to study the role and place of preachers on appearance and continuation of movement resistance of Tabriz against despot forces.

Samanid Dynasty was one of the most important of Iranian traditional families and antencidant in west of Iran which had been rooled over one hundred years over the some of important Iranian provinces like T transoxiana, Great khorasan, Mazandaran, Ray and Sistan and a part of middle Asia. They were beloved of Iranian culture and were trying to flourish and promotion of literature independence and Arian lexicon. they started to established a kind of cultural revivification and built up an new structure of scientific and acknowledgment activities. Bokhara as a political capital of samanid dynasty, were trend to be a great center of this ideas. It was a symbol of progress in the east of Islamic territories. Roodaki were born at the middle of third century in the “Banj” village near of Samarqand city. He passed progress steps very soon. he also shows his intelligent and capability in poetry, writing and literatures. His lyrics about love. Banquet, war, fun, purity. ethic and smut, were included with a new supposition, simple and far of complicated conception of love, had more influenced on the audience, listeners and readers. Specially, when the poem were combined with a good song. Roodaki were attended with spiritual spirit, national proud, heroic thinking and bounty. In his lyrics we couldn't find any traces of hopeless. In the era, which Roodaki were lived, it’s more important achievement was, unity in politic, security in social affaires, welfare in economical goal, upgrade of idealism in cultural perspective, on its basic core of working was promotion of Persian languages.The famous figures in this period were like Balami, Jeihani, Ibnesina, Birooni. Balkhi and Roodaki. we want to clear up that era as aessay. we wish it would be useful for readers and researchers.

Military forces can be considered the cause of stability and discipline in government affairs, supporting the political sovereignty; likewise, they can cause the downfall as well as the instability of a government enjoys power and a high supervising potentiality, it can overwhelm the military forces; as a result, prevent them from overstepping their authority an interfering in political issues. Never the less, in stable government s fail to control the military forces whereby the high an king military Officials may disobey the government and overstep their authority, which enhance instability and down fall of the government. The present study aims to investigate the role of the high-ranking military officials in political stability and instability of the Seljuk dynasty in Iran.

This is to survey the political correspondence between Iranian and Roman sovereigns During sasanian dynasty. In most letters, national, economical, ideological, public and propagandistic profits of two parties have been considered. Literature used in the letters is originated from the political state of its writer. The letters are remained as important documents in the history of both countries and reflect part of the political relations between two powers during a period of four hundred years of rise and fall.

In the history of Iran_US relation in Pahlavi period cultural economic relations have always an important part. The danger of expansions of influence of Communism in the third world, specially in Iran and other poor countries convinced the U.S to adopt New designs in providing cultural economic aids for these countries. In the Kennedy’s government hundreds of_Americans dispatched to third world by peace corps. first groups of American peace corps volunteers came to Iran in 1342 for improvement of agriculture and public health. This article analyzed peace corps activities and the social –economic results in Iran.

The institution of modern schools, and subsequently new educational perspectives in Iran was of the most important cultural achievements of the time who could establish themselves in spite of all the oppositions of several people and groups. Mirza Hassan Roshdieh is one of the founders of modern schools in Iran who deserves to be called the father of modern education in Iran. Having acquired new educational techniques, Roshdieh managed to develop new ideas into the education system in addition to establishing schools in accord with modern styles.Changing the alphabet. reatment in primary schools and authoring different textbooks for children, he managed to bring about revolutions in the education system. Throughout the journey, he has been supported by influential figures, Such as Aminoddoleh and Sheikh Hadi Najm Abadi. Under such support and with firm determination, Roshdieh instilled the educational progress and publicity of the education system in Iran.

Arabs created painting before Islam appearance and they sculptured stat use and figures by using stone and wood but they abandoned it after dissemination of Islam. Have verses avoided them to do that or have Islamic Hadise or Akhbar? in this article it is tried to answer this question. Also in Ommayyades and Abbasides Caliphs periods this kind of art inverted into the Islamic (Arabesque) kind among the common people but the same time it wasn’t destroyed among non-Arabs tribes like Iranians.Their Caliphs and system created Artificial painting too.Paintings technique didn’t Closed in Iran from first Islamic centuries and human and animal pictures also were created along with Islamic plans but generally it was forbidden in mosques, graves and schools. Soltans court and people were still enjoyed painting art personally and human and animal paintings in Iran was common in Iran again by entering Mongols and dissemination of Chinese miniature and paintings art from 7th century.