JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2011 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (21)|Papers Count:8

Zinc as an important element plays certain structural and functional roles in the metabolic processes of plants. However, high concentrations of Zn, specially in soils with low pH, is a limiting factor for growth. In this article, the effects of different concentrations of ZnSO4 (0, 25, 50, 75, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550µM) on certain physiological parameters in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). plants were studied. The results showed that Zn treatments (above 75µM) caused significant decrease in fresh and dry weight, length of root and shoot, soluble sugar content and increase in starch content. Increasing Zn concentration, gradually decreased the content of various photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids. This indicates that chl a is more affected than chl b. The following phytotoxic symptoms were also observed as decreases in growth parameters. Zn, in low concentrations, caused significant increase of growth in Phaseolus vulgaris, however, high concentrations of Zn affected on physiological and biochemical processes and decreased growth and production in treated plants.

Wheat is a glycophyte plant and strategical crop .To determine effect of Na+/Ca+2 interaction on vegetative growth of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. soissons) an experiment as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was carried out with 3 levels of sodium (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and 3 levels of calcium (0, 3, 6 and 10mM) .Sodium was applied as NaCl and calcium as CaCl2. 2H2O. Expriment was conducted in phytotron. Results indicated that salt treatment decreased lenght of roots, shoots, potassium and calcium levels. While sodium and proline levels were increased in leaves. Calcium treatment reduced detrimental effects of salt stress on the treated plant seedlings and increased root and shoot length, calcium and potassium contents of shoots but caused reduction in sodium and proline. Maximum ameliorative effect of calcium was observed in plants treated with 6 mM Ca+2.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diets containing different levels of Satureja hortensis essential oil on Fecal and illum microflora of broiler chicks, resistance antibiotic and invitro assay activity Satureja essential oil against E.coli isolates. Tree hundred and twenty one-day old male broiler chicks (Ross-308 strain) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, and 4 replicates were allocated to each treatment. Different levels of Satureja essential oil in diets had not significant effects on total bacterial count and E.coli/coliform population in faecal material at 32 days old and illum at 42 days of age (p>0.05). Also in this survey Dietary treatment had no effect on the anti-bacterial valus of thirteen antibiotics against E.coli isolates by Disc diffusion method (p>0.05). Most of the E.coli isolates were resistant to antibiotics, the most efficient being Penicillin, Riphampicin and Erythromycin. Chemical analysis of this oil by capillary GC showed as the main constituent carvacrol (%37.18). An invitro assay measuring the antimicrobial activity of Satureja essential oil in disc diffusion method, the highest inhibition areas were observed for the amount of 5μl essential extract. The results are suggesting that Satureja essential oil for the amounts of 1μl and 2μl has antibacterial effect on E. coli isolates similar to the best antibiotics such as Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Neomycin.The results of MIC and MBC showed the high anti-microbial effect of Satureja essential oil. It seems the presence of carvacrol caused the strong anti microbial effect of this oil.

Vicieae is one of the tribe in Fabaceae Famiy with genera that have imparipinnate or aristate leaves with sowellen legume. To determining the phentic similarities between these species and Cicer genus from Cicerae tribe 29 characters in 19 species have been studied by numerical taxonomy. A Cluster analysis based on Average Linkage method determined two main groups. Cicer oxyodon were Placed in separated group based style and leaf characters. Second Cluster consist of three subgroups. Vicia species showed one homogene subgroups near to Lens orientalis. Type of style, stipulates and petiole characters were an important factors to separate those species.

Artemisia annua L. is the one of important species of Artemisia genus and commonly found in the North East of Iran. In this study, phenolic and flavonoid compounds were extracted with water, ethanol and methanol. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined and antioxidant activity was evaluated using three different methods: including scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. Result showed that ethanol extract had highest yield extraction (46.81%), total phenolic content was (208.21 mg GAE g-1) and(64.32 mg QE g-1) flavonoid. For all tested methods, antioxidant activity of extracts was increased with increasing concentration. Also, ethanol extract had lowest effective concentration (EC50) in scavenging effect on DPPH radicals, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity methods, followed by methanol and water extract. In all methods, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between EC50 of methanol and water extract.

Sambucus ebulus L. belongs to Caprifoliaceae family is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North of Iran, with wild growth in sunny temperate forest and mountainous road in Mazandaran province. Different parts have been used as medicine by the rural people for treat of inflammation, srheumatic pain, edema, eczema and insects bites. In this research, leave, flower, unripe fruit and ripe fruit of plant were collected in two natural habitats (23m in Sari region -1000m in Afrachal) respectively. Ecological investigation in two region were obtained, ethnopharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and secondary metabolites tests showed flavonoid, total phenol, anthocyanin were increased in higher region in all part of plant, due to confirm that rural people belived S. ebulus L. was more effective in mountainous region for treatment of their current ailments.

Fusarium wilt disease is an important disease of tomato. The use of chemical is becoming less appealing for controlling this disease because of the human and environment health implications of these chemicals. In this research, for studing antifungal activity of aqueous plants extract, Azadirachta indica, Melia azadirach, Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Caryophilium aromaticus, 30 gram of each plant were suspended in 100 ml distilled water, after reaching aqueous extract with water bath (Ben Marie) method, different concentrations 25%, 50%, 100% prepared and added to autoclaved PDA media. After 6 days radical growth of fungi and percentage of growth inhibition were counted after comparing with control and results have been done by SAS test and significant difference P≤0.05. All plant extracts except Caryophilium aromaticus showed significant reduction in the growth of Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. Lycopersici. 100% concentration, Neem (98%) and garlic (93%) extracts were the most effective to inhibit the growth of tested fungi and clove extract had no affections. M.azadirach (87%) and C.longa (83%) caused significant growth inhibition (P ≤ 0.05) of fungi. There were no significant difference between growth inhibition percentage of 50% and 100% concentrations how ever there was significant difference between 25% and 50% concentrations and by increasing concentration, growth inhibition percentage have increased. Findings from this study showed that plant extract can be used as natural fungicide to control pathogenic fungi, thus reducing dependence on the synthetic fungicides. Azadirachta indica which was found to be the most efficient extract (98% inhibition), could be a promising material for controlling this fungi.

Polyamine compounds as plant growth regulators plays an important role in plant metabolism processes. In addition researches have showed that endogenous polyamine compounds in plants for improve defense response increase under stress conditions. Thus, aim of this research was investigation one of the polyamine compounds (spermidine) in different concentrations (5, 10mM) on germination, growth, amounts of proline, glycine betaine, phenolic compounds and Na+, Cl- in wheat seedlings (cultivar N-80-19) under different amounts of NaCl (350, 650mM) in petri dish condition. Results showed that to increasing salt concentration, decreased germination percentage and parameters growth, osmotic regulators and Cl- and inhibitor effects of salt stress on growth parameters decrease with addition of exogenous spermidine significantly that this effect to increasing root and shoot length of wheat seedlings under higher concentration of salt was consider. Also NaCl cause increase Na+ content in wheat seedling but by increasing spermidine the content of it deacreased.