JOURNAL OF LESAN MOBEEN
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:35 |Papers Count:6

This article investigated the social and political freedom in Najib Mahfuz novels. It should be pointed that, to the best knowledge of the researchers, no critical analysis has been conducted on this topic until now. However, some researchers studied his visualization and ideal embodiment in his novels since his thoughts and ideas are rooted in Islam. Moreover, he believes in religious freedom, democracy, and man and woman equality. The current study revealed that Najib’ s novels are real visualization of social justice and women in the society. Furthermore, he refers to woman as political and social criticism tool. Sense of determinism and obedience of divine destiny is one of the outstanding characteristics reflected in his novels. He believes that the clear judgment is divine decree not human desires and demands. It is always seen that his novels narrate absolute despotism that there is no hope and he considers everything is divine decree. Najib Mahfuz has visualized a woman fighting for liberty and equality, the woman who is the slave of sex, poverty, and ignorance. She makes effort to educate, work and fights against sexual violence. Najib Mahfuz employs exemplars of the failure of the scholars before revolution for fulfilling his goals. The rulers use religion as a tool for concealing their corruption and tyranny and he visualizes these images elegantly.

Semiotics is a science that examines the signs, causes, secrets, and codes, whether natural or artificial. Linguistic semiotics or pronunciation is a part of semiotics that examines linguistic implications. Understanding semiotics opens up new horizons for ideas and makes readers think more deeply about literary and social phenomena. Semiotics has a special emphasis on ways of communicating and influencing audiences and semiotics can be seen as an attempt to leave behind superficial implications of the text and to reach higher levels of understanding and understanding of texts. Consequently, semiotics is an attempt to discover the hidden layers of meanings through the use of semantics. The present study dealt with the descriptive-analytic method of examining the poems of the Saudi poet Abdullah Hassan al-Qurashi related to the Palestinian and Algerian intifada. One of the most important results we have achieved in this research is that al-Qurashi has sought to reinforce the spirit of epic and resistance within the readers of his poetry by using natural and historical and mythical themes.

Leljonoun" the form of a tragicomedic text to address the transformation process of the main character and the place of the story. Thus, in this work, he highlighted the two elements of character and place, and set a unison relationship between them, so that his novel would be able to portray a part of human suffering and the place resulting from the rule of government during the war. The present study used a descriptive-analytic approach to focus on the main character of this novel to uncover the artistic delicacies used to link it to some kind of place, using the theory of Y. Lotman. Since the hero in terms of psychological dimension changes from a healthy person into a mad man, it is called a transformation. The place was also called a variable because the current conditions have affected it and have changed its appearance. The study showed that Amer, the main and full-dimensional character of the novel became mad or pretended to be mad after being tormented. Therefore, he eluded to an unfamiliar region, changed his name to Hekmat or Hakku, so that he could indirectly express his protest against the disorders of the status quo, especially the abominable behavior of the government. Consequently, he attended variable places, especially the open-closed ones, and made a relationship with them in an evolving way. The places also changed themselves with the change of character’ s portrait.

The dynamics of significance is the most important characteristic of contemporary Arabic poetry as the poetic symbol does not have the usual signifying that the consciousness of the recipient is evoked, but it carries the different signals fragmented according to the contexts in which it is located. This movement in significance is more presented and crystallized in post-1960s poets' poetry, which is a basic feature of contemporary Arabic poetry and Iraqi poetry. It is especially linked to poetic creativity. Furthermore, deviation is associated with the presence of heritage in its various forms in contemporary poetic text. The perversion in attendance is the removal of the main connotations of the heritage party or the implantation of the traditional features of the expression of the contemporary position and This confusion is a paradox in the poetic text. Moreover, the fragmentation of the significance and the deviation of the presence of the most important characteristics of the poetry of Al-Jabouri. This research was an attempt to study the dynamics of the symbol and the deviation in attendance in the poetry of Al-Jabouri and an investigation to capture its objectives based on the descriptive-analytical approach which was based on the Simeotik for analysis of the poetry and the selection of the symbol of fire and light among the symbols of poetic poet and the look at the heritage symbols and heritage signs, for what is revealed by the sign. The results of this study revealed that the fire fluctuated between a range of indications, including emission, fertility, growth, rejection, intellectual progress, freedom and knowledge. The wind came as a symbol of the external regimes once and a symbol of the revolutionary power once again, as the poet sowed the features of the heritage party to increase the effectiveness of his presence in dialogue with Present text.

Ecofeminism is regarded as a new approach to critique, especially to women's literary studies, yet it has not managed to attract the attention of critics. Although a long time had come from the introduction of biomedical theory to feminist research, it managed to consolidate and strengthen its foundations, between dissidents and advocates, by naming it "ecofeminism. " The term embraced both the flow of feminism and ecosystem, and called for the common connection and the unity of women and nature with the patriarchal society. Therefore, the reflection of this new flow was reflected in the literary achievements of the poets. Among such poets, one can refer to the Lebanese poet Nariman Alloush. Given that, the purpose of this research, according to the descriptive-analytical approach and through the study of poetic models found in the poet's offices, is to address a newly developed branch in feminist literature. Moreover, the study was an attempt to address the differences and denominations between nature and women and, more importantly, to condemn the exploiting man of both, and thus deter the insult towards women and nature. The aim was to derive the main idea that the poet Nariman Alloush seeks to convey through the allocation of her poetry to the elements of nature. We also discussed in this research axes representing ecofeminism in the poetry of Nariman which we have the position of the poet on the ground and plants and birds in their positive and negative forms. At the conclusion of the research we have reached some results pointing out some of them: After examining the poems of the poet Nariman Alloush, it became clear to us that her poetic texts had a modern dye that represented ecofeminism. The poet's attitude towards the earth and the soil was remarkable and the main focus that the poet attempted to highlight was the image of the earth and the soil, and she was dressed in a negative spirit indicating the existence of the marginalized woman. Her joining of ecologists interested in the environment is also evident and her poems are ecologically revolutionary.

Symbol as an artistic feature plays a significant role in the contemporary literary movement. It is an artistic instrument to reveal national status. Wind as a symbol is a natural element that has found its place in contemporary poetry; therefore, it has implications that are consistent with the experience of each poet. Samih al-Qasim, is one of the poets who has used natural symbols in his poem. As this symbolic word for him, is a word that expresses his interest to the reality of life and the events of his country. Natural features in his approach have various symbolic implications that the poet uses them to express his thoughts. This research, through descriptiveanalytical method, shows that al-Qasim expresses his thoughts through nature and portrays the intended meanings. The purpose of this research is to express the position of the poet about his homeland and the reality of his life, as well as the most important implications of it. The results of this study indicated that the "wind" refers to the negative and positive implications such as Zionism, resistance, occupied territories, Palestinian warrior, hope of freedom, independence, the expression of annoying emotions and difficulty of life and the soul of poet. So it can be said that nationalism, patriotism, resistance, hopes for the better future are the main features of this revolutionary poet who shows his commitment to his nation and the condition of his country through symbolic expression.