International Journal of Medical Reviews
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:2|Papers Count:7

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Coronavirus infection is a pandemic, caused by Coronavirus, a member of Coronoviridae viral family. The Coronaviridae family has positive single stranded viruses and is characterized by crown-like surface projections under an electron microscope. Coronavirus was first discovered in 1965 and became familiar in 2002 after an epidemic outbreak of pneumonia in China. The Coronavirus infection is transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with patients. The wild animals like bats and civets act as a reservoir of CoV. This virus is clinically manifested by cough, fever, malaise with respiratory disorder like acute respiratory distress. The patients are diagnosed with RT-PCR by collecting blood and urine. Currently, there is no proper specific treatment for this infection, however guidelines are provided and some drugs like favilavir have been approved as investigational therapy. The coronavirus is considered as a great concern to the global health scenario today due to its wide dissemination.

Background: Clinical guidelines have been the key resource for clinicians around the world to guide clinical care. The ways in which these guidelines are written and promoted to clinicians predict their uptake in day-to-day practice. We sought to evaluate the factors that determine good clinical guidelines and their uptake among medical practitioners. Results: Key predictors of guideline uptake include clinician intrinsic factors such as awareness, familiarity, disagreement, and inertia of practice. Extrinsic factors pertaining to the patient and health system also predict guideline uptake. While significant benefits have been shown in the literature by virtue of guidelines, there are minimal disadvantages. Conclusion: There are many factors involved in predicting the use of clinical guidelines in practice. It is essential to identify these and continue to support their use, as appropriately designed clinical practice guidelines can provide immense benefits to all those involved in the health system.

Introduction: Patient Safety Culture (PSC) is one of the indicators in the quality of care and services. The nurse has an important role to promote and improve PSC in the hospital. As a developing country, Indonesia still struggles to improve quality health care by increasing PSC among health professional including nurses. This systematic review aims to identify Indonesian nurses’ barriers and strategies to promote and improve PSC in hospitals. Method: This systematic review study used the PRISMA protocol to select appropriate resources. Nine journal databases of CINAHL, DOAJ, GARUDA, Google Scholar, MDPI, Medline, Proquest, PUBMED, and Science Direct were searched in this regard. Results: The barriers that nurses faced in PSC promotion and improvement in the Indonesian hospital settings were nursing capabilities, regulation, organizational culture, equality, equally and supports, and natural resources. While the strategies are incorporating patient safety topics into the nursing curriculum, leaders’ supervision, integrative team, and regular training and workshop. Conclusion: This review finding both the barriers and strategies in PSC promotion and improvement differ among Indonesian nurses. The maj or barrier was predominantly related to nurses’ capabilities and competences. Hence, the strategies were related to improving nur ses’ capabilities and competences in patient safety both through improvement nursing curriculum, and continuing nursing education programs.

Metal ion complexes of synthetic drugs are gaining global attention because of their effectiveness in the management of various ailments. Copper and Nickel drug complexes of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide were synthesized and investigated for their toxicological activities in Wistar rats using biochemical and haematological parameters. Thirty (30) Wistar rats (150. 20 ± 3. 42 g) were used and divided into 6 groups (A-F) each containing 5 rats. Groups A and B rats orally received 5% DMSO and 20 mg/kg body weight of Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide respectively, while those in groups C and D received 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight of Ni (ISO)Cl2 respectively. Rats in groups E and F received same doses as in C and D but corresponding to Cu (ISO)Cl2. Each group received 0. 5 ml corresponding to the agents administered to them for 21 days. The toxicity in the animals were monitored using standard methods. The ligand and its complexes dose-independently reduced (P < 0. 05) serum activities of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) as well as quantities of total cholesterol and Red Blood Cells (RBC) but did not significantly (P > 0. 05) affect parameters such as tissue ALP activities, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C), atherogenic index, haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). This study has scientifically established the safety of nickel and copper complexes of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. However, caution must be taken in their consumption since they possess hypocholesterolemic properties.

Introduction: Measuring children's and adolescents’ height and weight are among the most important information sources and the best index for the assessment of individual growth status and community’ s nutrition and health status. Regular measurements of height and weight and recording the data on proper curves lead to the timely identification of growth disorders. The present study aimed at determining the average height, weight, and body mass index of 6-18-year-old boys and girls in Jiroft Town and comparing the results with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Method: In this study, the values for height, weight, and body mass index of 5850 children aged between 6 and 18 were examined in a s tratified random fashion. Growth percentile curves for height, weight, and body mass index were plotted by Microsoft Excel Software. Results: In comparison to the NCHS height and weight percentiles, the data of the present study showed lower values for the studied children. The comparison of BMI percentiles of boys and girls with NCHS percentiles for each age proved that until the age of 8, the BMI percentiles are fit to NCHS percentiles. This is while in older ages, the calculated BMI percentiles of males and females were remarkably lower than NCHS percentiles. Conclusion: Based on the results, it is generally concluded that using foreign criteria leads to a false diagnosis of underweight or shortness in some children and it is recommended to apply native and country-level percentiles for the examination of children’ s growth.

Coronavirus disease 2019 has become a worldwide pandemic caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The infection of this viral illness may cause several ocular manifestations, such as conjunctival congestion, epiphora, and foreign body sensation. Conjunctival mucosa is thought to be one of the certain mediums of transmission of the disease due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which acts as an intermediary for the invasion of viruses into host cells. Some recommendations have been made to prevent the spreading of the disease in the course of ophthalmic practices. This review aims to emphasize the ocular problems associated with novel coronavirus disease and lays out the efforts that can be done related to disease prevention.