مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Title: 
Author(s): 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    0
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (پیاپی 81)
  • Pages: 

    -
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1159
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1388
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (پیاپی 81)
  • Pages: 

    61-98
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    494
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

بعد از اعتراض شدید مردم ایران به انحصار تنباکوی ایران به وسیله شرکت انگلیسی تالبوت و لغو امتیاز یاد شده در سال 1892 م / 1309 ق، تنباکوی ایران به توسط دو شرکت خارجی خریداری و به خارج از کشور صادر می گشت. بخش عمده تنباکوی ایران توسط "کمپانی انحصار ادخال تنباکو در خاک عثمانی" به کشور عثمانی صادر می شد. در سال 1894 میلادی / 1312 قمری دولت ایران انحصار صادرات تنباکو به مصر را به یک تبعه این کشور به نام خلیل پاشا خیاط واگذار نمود. قرار بر این شد، خلیل خیاط فعالیت تجاری خود را از سال 1897 شروع نماید. به این ترتیب بخش دیگری از تنباکوی ایران برای مدت بیست و دو سال (1919- 1897) به کشور مصر صادر گردید. در حالیکه ده سال نخست (1906-1897) این تجارت در طی یک مقاله مستقل مورد تحقیق قرار گرفت، در ضمن مقاله پیشرو به بخش دوم صادرات تنباکوی ایران به مصر در سال های بعد از پیروزی انقلاب مشرطه تا سال 1919 / 1337 می پردازد.پرسش اصلی پژوهش حاضر مربوط می شود به میزان کارآمدی وزارت خانه ها و نهادهای دولت های عصر مشروطیت در اداره و نیز تامین منافع عمومی جامعه که می بایست از پرتوی این تجارت نصیب دولت ایران می شد. در تجارت یاد شده اگر چه طرف مصری از سود بیشتری بهره می برد و سهم دولت ایران را با اکراه و در واقع تحت فشار تشکیلات قضایی در مصر می پرداخت، دولت های عصر مشروطه، در مقایسه با دولت های پیشین، در برخورد با خلیل خیاط جدی تر و با کفایت بیشتری عمل کردند.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    1-40
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1944
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This article surveys the relation between Naqshbandia path and trading activities in Timurid period (1370-1508AD). Considering the principles of this path, illustrates the cerebral elements supplying the economical activities of its followers. These elements can be grouped in four concepts: solitude in public (sohbat), hidden recitation, serving people, and having occupation.Existance of tuitions concerning economical activities in Naqshbandia path had three important results. First, its propagation and vast influence among farmers and craftsmen as the two main producing forces. Second, supporting it by Timur and his successors. Third, forming a positive view on wealth and political power. These results provided both producing forces and political supports for Naqshbandies. So the leaders of Tariqa could spread their spiritual and material influence in Transoxania and Khurasan.Transoxania was the homeland of Timurid government, the original land and power center of Naqshbandia Khajehs, meeting point of differenttrading roads and one of the axial regions of the Silk Road. This location and former elements made Naqshbandies very strenuous in trade of this period. From the end of 13th to the beginning of 15th century, in the whole Timurid period, Naqshbandies were of the key elements of trade, especially in Transoxania, Khurasan and axis of Silk Road, from Transoxania to China. The Naqshbandi statesmen of this period build trading centers. The leaders of Tariqa, Khajehs, paid attention to agriculture and trade, in addition of religious activities. They also tried to revoke Tamgha tax. In the other hand, Naqshbandi merchants promote their Tariqa along the roads during their trading journeys.Naqshbandies vast trading activities in this period had three important effects on this Tariqa. First, it spread along the silk road, in centeral Asia and eastern Turkestan till the frontiers of China; the truth whose consequences has remained until our time. Second, Naqshbandi leaders who was interested in trade, earned such wealth and seepage that was unprecedented among Gnostic paths, and made mammonist aspect of Tariqa more vivid. This problem caused some important discussion on the rate of relationship between Tariqa and economical activities at the end of 15th century. The third result was a calamitous effect on Naqshbandi leaders in the second half of the 15th and the beginning of the 16th century (Ahrar family), because of its increasing economical seepage and vast links with Timurid government, Ahrar family shared in their final fate. Some of them were killed by Uzbeks and the rest refuged in the other lands.Surviving the beginning and the end of relationship between Naqshbandi Traiqa and trade in Timurid period, is an occasional narrative of the important problem about the rate of economy and religion along the history of Iran.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

TAVAKOLI F.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    41-60
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    829
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In this research, some economic consequences in the field of market activities will be examined as a result of the unveiling process (1935-36) during Reza Shah Reign. In this study, documents indicate that the economic bankruptcy of bazaariz in Isfahan after the unveiling process resulted due to the activities of peddlers especially Jew salesmen who were visiting homes selling goods to women unwilling to get out. This paper examines the role of Jew salesmen, their relevance to Isfahan market and the close relationship of this event with economical situation during the abovementioned era.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

SOLEIMANI K.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    61-96
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    271
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

After Iranians protest against tobacco monopoly and canceling the concession of Tobacco in 1892, two foreign companies bought Iran’s tobacco for exporting to other countries. The most part of Iran’s tobacco was bought by Tobacco Company of Ottoman "Kompani-ye Enhesar-e Edkhal-e Tanbako dar Khak-e Osmani" in Ottoman Empire. Iranian government came to an agreement with an Egyptian, named "Khalil Kayat Pacha" in 1894, and gave him the monopoly of tobacco exporting to Egypt.It was arranged that "Khalil Kayat" had to begin his activities in 1897 and thus another part of Iran’s tobacco was exported for 22 years (1897-1919) to Egypt. This article explains the second part (1906-1919) of tobacco trade between Iran and Egypt, while the first decade (1897-1906) of that period has been written in an exclusive article.Concerning the main question, we are researching about competencies of structure of Iranian state in the Constitutional Revolution era, whether has been secured Iranian national profits from tobacco trade. Though in this business, "Khalil Kayat" has won much more than Iran, nevertheless he only paid Iran’s share of the profits under judicial pressure. During Constitutionalera and in comparison with the past, Iranian governments acted against "Khalil Kayat", with more competence and seriously.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

MOTEVALLI A.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    99-117
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    846
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In formation and continuation process of political and social movements, the most important part is consist of the leader's motives, their purposes, and extent of intellectual and executive basis stability of movements. In Jangal and Khiyabani's movements, it was necessary to gain access to original factors and elements which frame the leader's ideas and opinions, as well as the desires that they wanted to gain. At the same time, their political organization in order to push forward and achieve to ideal ends, was one of the evident points of them. The study and evaluation of these two movements in the form of a comparative approach can reveal amount of potentialities and stability of executive basis and it can distinguish the intellectual and executive relationship of them in their achievements and failures. To achieve to this important matter, we will consider and explain, in three general sections, the effective causes and factors in formation of movements in comparative and then we will deal with intellectual approaches and finally comparison of their executive structure.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

NOWROZI J.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    119-138
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1188
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

One of the important periods of Iranians presence in Indian subcontinent, is a course that a large part of this land was under Mughals rulers. During this period, Iranian migration to India faced significant expansion, and large number of these Iranian migrants played an imperative role in the process of the formation and development of the Mughals government, design and administration of its bureaucratic and military organization. One of these Iranian was Muhammad Bairam Khan Baharlu, who actively served for the Mughals. His family had some connections with a number of Timurid princes and due to these connections he could enter the Mughals government. However, his extraordinary rise in the Mughals was owed to his tact and sacrifice for stability of the government in its territory. In the shadows of several major efforts of Bairam for second Mughals Ruler, he became asvakil of third Mughals King. For several years, Bairam Khan dominated the important political, financial, administrative and military affairs for the young Akbar King. Hispowerful and autonomous performance, make Turanians and other competitors to reaction. Over the time, inflexibility of Bairam to his opponent's expectations made Akbar Shah to remove him from power.Bairam resistance against the King's royal command, and struggle to recover his ex-position, made the situation worse and led to exile and finally his murder. After Bairam Khan's death, Turanians hope to pull over important Iranian migrants from the Mughals government excesses. But Turanians wish never succeeded and Iranian remained in some important jobs.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

VOSSOUGHI M.B. | KALIRAD A.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    139-169
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    2
  • Views: 

    881
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Bahrain as a trade and crossing key point in the Persian Gulf had been witnessed crucial developments in sixteenth century. The sociopolitical structure of Modern Bahrain has been affected by the sixteen century's development. So it is necessary to recognize Bahrain political context in sixteenth century and the regional conflicts impact on Bahrain social and political developments. This survey first explains conflicts between the regional powers and dynasties on taking control of Bahrain and then explores the Portuguese and Ottoman interference in Bahrain affairs.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

VALAVI A.M. | KARIMI GHAHI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2010
  • Volume: 

    19
  • Issue: 

    4 (81)
  • Pages: 

    171-202
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1117
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Once the Holy Prophet of Islam passed away, the Arabs accepted the reality of obeying a centralized government and continued the tradition of the Prophet through choosing him a successor. As a result, the episteme and knowledge system was formed based on the foundation of the legitimacy of power in Islam, and resulted to many societies, speeches, and works. Discourses and works were produced out of the said societies, each having special definitions of the foundation of the legitimacy of government. One of the most important confronts in this regard is the confront of Hassanid and Abbasid Gentocrats (Sadat), presented in the letters of two most important leaders of these two movements, i.e. Mansour Davanighi and Mohammad Ibn Abdollah Nafs Zakieh. This has continued for centuries in terms of deep theoretical challenges among the three sidesof the power triangle of Hashemid i.e. Bani- al- Hossein Sadat, Banial-Hassan Sadat, and Abbasid caliphs.To find of the political discourses of the Islamic society in the 1st half of the 2nd Hegira century based on Foucault’s analytical model requires referring to the archives of the said era and finding out the episteme governing then. For this purpose, the correspondence of Mohammad Ibn Abdollah and Mansour has been studied from the mass of evidences.From the discourse analysis point of view, we tried to analyze the political, religious, and governmental views in the said letters and to answer to these questions:- Which discourse did the said texts produce in the Islamic society.-Which strategies did the authors of the said discourses present for the continuation of the Islamic government.-What were the fundamentals of the legitimacy of power in their view.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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