ZABANPAZHUHI (Iranian Journal of Language Research)
Year:2016 | Volume:8 | Issue:20 |Papers Count:7

The fossilization or stabilization phenomenon in intelanguage is proposed by Selinker in 1972. This phenomenon occurs in learner's second language and it is one of the features of second language learners which is derived from deviance of the native speaker norms and lack of second language development. This paper investigated fossilization or stabilization factor, important factors in the phenomenon, and its variety in linguistics at different levels. It is also explained by examples of the errors of Persian Learners of Russian. The cited errors were extracted from writing essays of Persian learners of Russian at the intermediate level. Finally, some strategies were suggested to overcome the affective factor in the process of a second language learning, in order to use them in Persian teaching for foreigners. According to the purposes of this study, the results of understanding and diagnosis of phenomenon will be effective in better understanding and development of Persian learning for foreigners. Also, the presented preventive strategies will improve and develop Persian language learning for non-Persian language speakers.

Considering the salient role of language in shaping and changing of people’ s religious and cultural beliefs, the current research is seeking to dissect and analyze the word – Haji-and its collocations (related words). To achieve this purpose, 300 contexts in which this label was used, were recorded in natural situations, transcribed, and later analyzed. Hymes’ model of SPEAKING was then applied, scrutinizing the aforementioned label. The functions of ‘ Haji’ were divided into two groups of religious and non-religious, and also into psychological and social ones. Ultimately, the collocations of the labels were explored. The results of this study demonstrated that though ‘ Haji’ was considered as a positive word in the past, it has undergone some metamorphosis and seems to change to a negative word. In the end, the probable causes of this change degradation and extension of meaning-such as media, society, different viewpoints of people-were examined and discussed in the context of Iran.

Introduction: Semiotics is the science that deals with generation of meaning. A drama uses systems of signs and references to the out world in generation of meaning. One of the factors that are effective in establishment of signification in drama is the situation context that has close relationship with context because of the text references to it. The aim of present study is to assess how much the situation’ s context is effective on audiences’ interpretation of what they see. Methods: The present research is experimental study. In order to evaluate the aim of the study, the script, which have a little reference to the situation’ s context and internal script context, was chosen. Selected context was carried out in two different external situation contexts. Study’ s Subjects were divided into two groups and each group watched one movie randomly and responded to related questions. Findings and conclusion: The results showed that there was significant difference between two groups in perception of two films’ context. Furthermore, the study indicated that the factors which are related to film’ s location are more effective on space movie's interpretation, whereas the factors which is related to film’ s characters and their relationship are more effective on film’ s interpretation.

Doctor-patient verbal interaction is one of the most important factors in history taking, diagnosis, treatment and satisfaction of patient. This study was conducted to find the association of doctor use of some certain sort of proposition with patient satisfaction. One hundred and one interviews in Mazandaran Medical Sciences hospitals were studied using Stiles coding system. Patient satisfaction was measured by a questionnaire that yield separate scores for satisfaction (1-5). In patients, increased satisfaction was associated with understanding doctors concept, using their own words to explain about the illness, and showing their thanks to the doctor (P<0. 02). On the other hand, when doctors used some proposition to show that they understood the patient problem or encouraged the patient to continue the speech, the satisfaction was high (P<0. 05). Dissatisfaction occurred when patients felt that doctor could not understand their feelings about the illness, or the time devoted to explain about their disease was not sufficient. Results showed that satisfaction will be increased and patient outcome will enhance by using some certain sort of proposition.

The current paper studies anger metaphors in language of the blind. According to cognitive linguistics, cognitive metaphors play an important role in shaping the human cognitive system. Cognitive metaphors form the framework of thought and that is not just a language issue, but it is a matter of thought and wisdom. By analyzing emotional metaphors, one can discover people’ s cultural differences and cognitive foundations. Anger metaphor is one of the most universal and common emotional metaphors, for anger is known as the most basic emotion of human beings. In order to explore the function of mind in shaping anger metaphors in Persian blind participants, ten congenital blinds and ten sighted participants were selected the ages 18-28. The language of both groups is Persian. This research studies the source domains of anger metaphors in language of congenital blinds in comparison with their sighted counterparts based on Kovecses’ s Model (2002). The findings show that verbalism makes language of the blinds and their sighted counterparts similar even in visual anger metaphors. This is inconsistent with the belief that considers mind as the source of metaphor.

This paper presents an investigation of the passive structure in Persian from the standpoint of smuggling approach (Collins 2005). The smuggling approach to passive distinguishes itself from the predecessor generative approaches in its full conformity with Baker’ s (1988) Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH). Successful, though, in accounting for the structure of passive in SVO languages, the smuggling approach to passive falls short of accounting for the correct word order in SOV languages such as Persian. To remedy the lacuna, we will adduce evidence from the independent properties of the syntax of Persian to establish that the smuggling approach can give rise to promising results in SOV languages as well, once certain syntactic variables of those languages are taken into account.

This paper presents a semantic study of the verb “ xordan” in Farsi, both as a main verb and a light verb, based on a corpus, containing one hundred and sixty (160) expressions of the verb. This corpus was gathered from Moeen, Sokhan, and Dehkhoda Dictionaries, and from the Persian weblogs and sites. After analyzing the data, it was revealed that a basic meaning is present in all the expressions of the verb, and relates its various meanings. This basic meaning of “ accepting” can be divided into two categories; ingoing and outgoing. Each of these categories is further divided into subcategories which are fully discussed in the article. Finally, three reasons are suggested for the impossibility of semantic passives for some of the LVCs.