PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY (ARSANJAN BRANCH)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:10|Papers Count:9

In order to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid application on yield and yield components of corn under drought stress condition a split plot experiment was carried out in 2010 based on randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Treatments consisted of 3 irrigation intervals (4, 6 and 8 days) as a main factor and application of salicylic acid in 4 levels (0, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 Mm) as a second factor. Characters under examination were LAI, leave praline content, weight of thousand grain and grain yield. Most important factor for limiting the agricultural products is environmental stresses the most important of is the lack of water. The results indicated that salicylic acid could significantly affect LAI, rate of leave proline, weight of thousand grain and grain yield. Main comparisons indicated that the hormone with concentration of 1 Mm in all irrigation intervals caused significant increasing on characters under examination. However concentration of 1 Mm hormone with irrigation interval at 4 days has the most effect on accretion among all qualities. In this examination it was observed that the effects of stress like reduction area leaf was controlled by concentration of 1 Mm hormone. Therefore, according to the results in this experiment the concentration of 1 Mm of salicylic acid can cultivate corn and is suitable in the region with shortage of water to reach to high yield.

In order to investigate the effect of drought on morphological characteristics of Anisum, a split plot experiment was conducted in 2011 at Research Station located in the Alborz mountains in Karaj by using a randomized complete block design in four replications. The main factors included 3 populations (Sabzevar, Kerman and Jiroft) and the operating subsidiary of 4 Stress levels (10, 30, 50 and 70 Percent moisture depletion). Results showed that the main effect (population) the number of umbrellas, leaf dry weight, seed weight and seed weight of the sub-agent (drought) on plant height, canopy diameter, small diameter, large canopy, umbrella number, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, dry matter yield and seed weight showed a significant difference. The main operating subsidiary of interaction in small canopy diameter and number of umbrella in 1% And the dry weight and stem dry matter yield in 5% was significant. Comparison of the main factor (population) showed that the greatest number of umbrella with an average population of Jiroft 66.62 n/p, leaf dry weight with an average population of Sabzevar 198.543 Kg/ha of grain per hectare and an average population of Kerman 2.95 g/p were obtained. Comparison of the effects of sub-factor (drought) showed that the highest plant (48.91 Cm), the number of umbrella (81.83 n/p), root dry weight (91.778 Kg/ha), stem dry weight (577.725 Kg/ha), leaf dry weight (272.724 Kg/ha), dry matter (942.227 Kg/ha) and seed weight (3.20 g/p) obtained from 10 percent moisture depletion. 10% moisture depletion level was the best water level to produce the highest dry matter production.

In this study, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in 118 hectares and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production in 26.8 ha of Dashte Namdan Agro-industry farm was evaluated from the energy indices point of view in Eghlid region. This farm was fully mechanized and the required data were collected using person to person interview method and filling out the questionnaires. Equivalent energy inputs and outputs for both products were calculated in this study, and then corresponding energy ratio, energy productivity, and net energy gain were determined for each crop. Inputs were fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, fuel consumption, equipments, labors, and irrigation while grain yield and straw were considered as outputs. Energy ratio obtained for wheat and canola grain were 2.29 and 1.76, respectively while corresponding values related to both grain and straw (total biological outputs) were 6.23 and 3.44, respectively. Energy productiviities were also determined 0.49 and 0.21 kg/MJ for wheat and canola, respectively. Net energy gain for wheat and canola were 41065 and 20914 MJ/ha, respectively. Fertilizers were the highest energy consumer inputs for both crops and fuel and irrigation took the second and third places. Energy consumption related to seed was higher in wheat compared to canola. Since wheat production had the higher energy indices compared to canola in this research, wheat production should be preferred to canola in this farm from the energy balance point of view.

This study was done because of deficiency of water and necessity in economized water source and other hand in this research performance the positive role of some element such as zinc in decrease the negative effect of drought stress. This experiment was carried out in maize kind Maxima in Fars province Kavar Town. The levels of irrigation containing 8 days, 10 days, 12 days and 14 days were the main factors and time of foliar application including without foliar application, once foliar application and twice foliar application were the sub factors. The result showed that the period of irrigation 8, 10, 12 days didn’t make any difference in yield, in situation of 14 days of irrigation there was significant difference in yield, two zinc of foliar application in some characteristics such as leaf area index (LAI) and grain protein content was significant. Interaction of zinc foliar application and period of irrigation, the best grain yield obtain as 9438 kg/ha from two time foliar application with 12 days irrigation. Therefore there is no significant difference between drought stress in 8, 10 and 12 in period of irrigation in grain yield. In situation of two time zinc foliar application, increasing five and thirteen percent on yield and protein content via control observed respectively and in 14 days and two time zinc foliar application via 8, 10 and 12 period of irrigation in chracteristic LAI, yield component and yield showed increasing significant difference, but in LAI and grain protein content significant difference was observed. So it can be said that the best grain yield obtained from interaction between 12 days period of irrigation and two time of foliar application.

Litter of plant is the best factor in soil stability and conservation and as a result of its decomposition the soil organic matter increases and amends the chemical properties, increasing plant production. The aim of this research was to study litter quality and feet soil’s Artemisia sieberi and Salsola dendroides species on carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and respect carbon/nitrogen of in region Til-Abad of Golestan province. After identifying habitat of these two species in Til-Abad, at the end of growing season, litter and soil in mentioned species were collected in this site, sampling was conducted randomly-systematic. Then along each transect sampling litter and soil from a depth of 0-30 cm from each species site and sampling was done in control site too. Then the properties of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil were measured. Analysis was performed using T-test. Results showed the amount of P and C/N in the feet soil and C, K, C/N in the litter of Salsola dendroides were the highest but Ar. sieberi species is the best species in soil productivity of this region.

Coating the seed is one of the amplifying methods that stock different materials on the outer surface of the seeds and increases seed efficiency. This study investigated the effect of coating seed on dry weight of pasture species of Astragalus adscendens under different conditions of drought and planting depth and was completely applied in randomized plan and factorial with four replications. Treatment of covering material was used in four uncoateded surfaces (NC), mineral-based material (CC), organic-based material (OC) hydrogel -based material (HC), treatment of soil moisture percentage was applied at three levels 9%, 14% and 21% in weight of dry soil, planting depth treatment in two plant surfaces and three times of the seed diameter. The main treatment results indicated that moisture treatment and planting depth (P<0.01) levels were significant and also treatment of coating materials had no significant effect. In examining of the interaction of dual no significant differences in weight between treatment covers and control group was observed, but it made descriptively main differences because there was not any growth in the moisture level of 9% and shallow cultivation (high stress) compared with coating materials treatment so that it can be effective in enhancing plant performance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of combining ordination and classification techniques with GIS for separating boundaries of vegetation society. Chah-Abbas Ali watershed basin, near Arsanjan city covers about 1789.7 ha, has been studied through field sampling of vegetation density, cover and soil profiles. Analysis of the samples has been done by PC-Ord software for ordination and classification and ILWIS software produce RS/GIS maps to estimate the number of soil profiles. Then by using satellite image of basin and field observations, the primary vegetation boundaries were extracted and compared with the results of ordination and classification data. Results showed the basin is consisted of five vegetation society including Acantholimon festucacemum-Amygdalus lycioides, Convolvolus acanthocladus-Artemisia sieberi, Artemisia sieberi-Acantholimon festucacemum, Ebenus stellata-Convolvolus acanthocladus, Amygdalus lycioides-Convolvolus acanthocladus which also overlap with vegetation classification through physiognomy-florestic method and grouping ones through satellite images that can be used in future for grouping vegetation because of considering relief and soil charachteristics along with vegetation parameters.

The improvement of vegetation due to full or partial protection was depicted by most of rangeland scientists. This study investigated the effect of livestock grazing on percentage of germination (PG), mean growth time (MG) and germination rate (GR) of the even-aged Atriplex canescens, by comparing two sites across zarand, shahreiar rangelands located in the southwest of Tehran, Iran. For this purpose, the seeds of 30 A. canescens within each of the two study sites were collected and a quantitative analysis of the seeds was carried out by laboratory analysis. The results indicated that, grazing had no significant influence on PG, MGT and GR.