Quarterly of Order & Security Guards
Year:2014 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (27)|Papers Count:7

participation is one of foundations of a democratic regime Participation and observation of citizenship usually results in effectiveness of policies and programs of public sector. Citizens’ participation in public observation can be effective in supplying economical sources, reducing the costs of services, increasing social coherence, decreasing damages and stresses resulted from citizenships’life and satisfaction. The research objectives is recognition, prioritizing, determining the relationship and effectiveness of each one of components through designing citizens’ participation model in public observation based on the viewpoint of New Pubic Management. The research is applicable from objective point of view, and methodologically is quantitative, and naturally according to Delphi style is descriptive. The first statistical population includes 30 people of Experts of Islamic Council Assembly of Iran that were selected by available non probabilistic style. To collect data it was used of questionnaire that contain effective criteria and components on citizens’ participation in public observation that was extracted from research literature, which their validity was confirmed by reporters using exploration factorial analysis test and the consistency of questionnaire was resulted from 0.912 Alpha Krounbach. The second statistical population that was for measurement and test is based on calculation of infinite population formula, including 266 individuals from those who referred to Islamic Council Assembly that were selected in available non probabilistic style. The main results of the research suggest that the New Public Management dimensions of “decentralization” criteria, “deregulations”, “privatization”, “management driven”, “emphasizing management styles of private sector”, “downsizing” and “discipline and avoiding prodigality in using resources” obtained first to seventh ranks in the model. Amongst citizens` participation dimensions in the public observation of criteria “demographic characteristics”, “structural characteristics” and “social characteristics” obtained first to third ranks in the model. Amongst environmental factors, “economic factors”, “cultural factors”, “social factors”, “political factors” and “technology factors” obtained first to fifth ranks in the model. By examining the theoretical and Also, previous research it was discovered that increasing citizen participation on social issues, such as public oversight, leading to increased costs of crime and ultimately to reduce crime.

Citizen satisfaction measurement of the behaviour of the police is the first step to improve the interaction with the community. Because it is based on the data obtained will be determined that the police need to change or improve their behaviors. The purpose of this study is the construction of a questionnaire to measure public satisfaction with the police. For this purpose, a concept map was developed using the procedural approach. Conceptual framework showed that 12 cases of police behavior is behavior that can cause satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the citizens. Then for each state to design and conduct a question in the form of a questionnaire was distributed among 2548 citizens all across the country. The obtained data were analyzed with the graded response model. Results obtained showed that the questionnaire is a one-dimensional latent construct measures. Respondents can also make a distinction between the concept of response options, and scores from questionnaires can accurately between individuals with high satisfaction and low satisfaction with police actions make a distinction. Finally, it can be concluded that with respect to the estimated parameters for each and questionnaire, question the efficiency of response options as well as the low number of questions and the reliability of the questionnaire appropriate instruments for measuring the level of satisfaction of the people toward police behavior is acceptable and appropriate. Investigators and police agencies can use to measure public satisfaction with the questionnaire.

fficient and skilled manpower is one of the main assets to an organization for it makes organizational goal achievement easier.A prerequisite for training efficient and skilled manpower is the formulation of an effective and dynamic educational system so that it would make the performance of desirable occupational tasks and community-oriented policing approach possible. The main purpose of the present study is the awareness of the degree of the effectiveness of accepted law enforcement curriculum from the viewpoint of the degree of content conformity with occupational tasks and community-oriented policing approach. The method used by the present study is descriptive-field finding and the statistical population, selected fully, includes all the graduates of the law enforcement, operational branch, courses of 14-15-16 who finished their studies during 1385 and 1386 and now serve in police stations and police units. Also, the heads and commanders of these graduates constitute the second statistical population. The instrument to collect the data are questionnaires. The descriptive analyses and statistical tests revealed that the psychomotor and cognitive content of law enforcement curriculum, operational branch, has above-average conformity with the occupational tasks. However, the curriculum content is not in conformity with community-oriented policing approach (cooperation and social interactions) and has below-average conformity with the problem-solving approach. In addition, the heads and commanders have a higher opinion of the curriculum content. The law enforcement emphasis is on the performance of occupational tasks, so the psychomotor content must increase and the cognitive one must decrease. It is also essential that with job analysis at the psychomotor level the topics of each lesson come into more conformity with occupational tasks. Skills concerning cooperation and social interactions should be paid more attention while reviewing curriculum content so that these community-oriented policing would rise to an above-average level. This necessitates a careful and expert reexamination of curriculum content.

Objectives: Among main issues in the realm of political geography are border and border disputes which have always attracted the researchers of this field. Both ideologically and strategically, Islamic of Republic of Iran has no ally in the region and nearly from all geographical directions it faces many threats and challenges while it has some opportunities as well. Some of these challenges and opportunities lie in Iran-Azerbaijan border since after the fragmentation of the Soviet Union in1991, its borders which was named “Iron wall”, suddenly collapsed.This research aims to explore the political-security opportunities and challenges of Iran-Azerbaijan border and their influence on the border relations of these two neighboring countries.Method: In terms of its objective, this thesis is applied and as far as the method is concerned, it is an interpretive-descriptive study and the data has been collected in the field. It means the necessary information was gathered through investigating documents, the researchers’ related experiences and their traversing the aforementioned border, etc. Then, this information was analyzed through researcher-made questionnaires filled in by related connoisseurs.The Kronbach alpha indexes table (0.8752) for the whole questionnaire means the thesis questionnaire has the required reliability.Findings and Results: From the respondents’ points of view, the challenge of “the Zionist Regimes espionage stations near Iran’s borders” with a mean of 4.33 out of 5, which is highly above the average, and the challenge of “illegal border crossings” with a mean of 3 out of 5, which is about average, have respectively the most and the least influence on the border relations between the two countries.

Order and security is a fundamental condition of human life, so that maintaining the territorial integrity, life and property, continuity of social system and governance in different ways depend on order and security. Factors such as shape of international system, the number of actors, its diversity, remarkable technological changes, rapid development of communications and information in different conditions, and also, the country's conditions affected on its quantity and quality. To evaluate of order and social security from view of Kashmar's citizens, this study was done. Method of this study is survey, its sample population consist of all citizens of Kashmar that 120 unit were selected by cluster sampling method. The research instrument was questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questions. The results indicate that the subscale alpha coefficients are satisfactory. The validity of the correlation between the subscales and total scores were used. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient between the lack of consultation, lack of empathy, lack of common synchronization with the total scores are desirable. In addition, the results show that the lack of joint consultation, lack of empathy and lack of shared common influenced on social order and security of the citizens of the city of Kashmar.

The present research aims reviewing factors of participation in civilian Oversight. Through benefiting from theories and researches having impact on factors effective in social participation in civilian oversight of police and through documentary and survey methods, various aspects of the issue are reviewed. Statistical population included in civilian oversight people based on Cochran formula. According to the finding of the research in come out that there is significant relationship between trust (personal and abstract) level and participation in civilian Oversight.There is also significant relationship between citizenship vision to ward social participation, social information’s, their age, gender and education and their participation of civilian oversight This theoretical reasoning is justified by empirical reasoning. Regression analysis is used in stage of empirical justification. Observational propositions imply that regression correlation of participation in civilian Oversight with linear combination of trust (personal and abstract) level a social information’s, and citizenship vision to ward social participation, extent of using mass media, their age, gender and education is 0.78. A proportion of variance of social participation in civilian oversight of police which is explained by relative participation of mentioned variables is 0.61. Wight of social trust and social information’s, is of higher importance than the other variables.