Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: High moral intelligence in nurses is considered a supportive factor against different pressures and is assumed to promote psychological safety. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and psychological safety of nurses in emergency and intensive care units. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 255 nurses working in the intensive care unit and emergency department of tertiary hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. Data collection tools included Lennick and Kiel’ s moral intelligence scale and Edmonson’ s psychological safety scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive statistics and regression. Results: The mean scores of moral intelligence and psychological safety were measured at 73. 10± 8. 13 and 26. 91± 3. 35, respectively. The results of regression analysis indicated that among the dimensions of moral intelligence, compassion (β =0. 21) and responsibility (β =0. 19) had the power to predict nurses’ psychological safety. In doing so, the predictor variables (i. e., compassion and responsibility) could explain 12% of the variance in the response variable (psychological safety). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be concluded that moral intelligence as an intrinsic supportive factor can improve nurses’ psychological safety and reduce work-related injury by reinforcing positive psychological factors.

Background and Objectives: A developing body of evidence has demonstrated the detrimental effects of spirituality and religion on the well-being of patients with cancer. This necessitates the need to explore the content of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V (code 62. 89). The present study aimed to identify the spiritual problems of Iranian patients with breast cancer concerning their religious beliefs and cultures. Methods: A qualitative content analysis with an abductive approach was used and data were gathered using individual semi-structured interviews. The participants were selected by purposive sampling which continued until data saturation after 12 interviews. Data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman thematic approach. Results: The themes extracted from the data were “ Questioning spiritual values” and “ loss or questioning of faith” . The three categories in the first theme included “ Find spiritual cause of illness” , “ Question God's justice” , and “ Deal with God” . Moreover, “ Lack of intimacy with God” , “ Giving up rituals” and “ Losing religious faith” were the categories of the second theme. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, awareness of religious/spiritual problems of the patients with breast cancer may be of great help to healthcare professionals to manage the patients who need a referral, further assessment, and appropriate intervention. In addition, the assessment of spiritual/ religious problems is of paramount importance in designing cultural and spiritual care and interventions.

Background and Objectives: Menopause can lead to psychological and social consequences, amongwhich sexual function has received special attention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and religious health on predicting the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was performed on 258 postmenopausal women who referred to Qazvin comprehensive health care centers, Qazvin, Iranduring January 2019-June 2019. The samples were selected through multistage, cluster, and convenience sampling methods. Data collection tools included a demographic and sexual function questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale (SKAS), and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) by Ellison. All the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software. Results: The mean scores of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude in postmenopausal women were lower than half of the obtainable point. Moreover, the research participants had moderate religious health. The sexual function had a significant direct statistical relationship with sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and religious health. In addition, the results of the regression analysis showed that the predictor variables can significantly explain the criterion variables. Conclusion: According to our findings, postmenopausal women who had higher levels of religious health, knowledge, and attitudes demonstrated better sexual performance. Therefore, health care and counseling should be taken into consideration.

Background and Objectives: Reliance on almighty God in all situations makes people’ s hearts peaceful and this inner peace gives hope and improves their quality of life (QOL). The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group training of reliance therapy components (Tawakkul) on QOL and resilience of mothers of children with learning disabilities in Zahedan, Iran. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental study with pre-and post-test and a control group. The sample population constituted of mothers of all the students with learning disabilities in Zahedan, Iran, who were selected through simple random sampling. A total of 30 mothers were assigned into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The used tools were the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and the World Health Organization questionnaire of QOL (2002). The collected data were analyzed using a univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean of resilience and QOL of mothers who were trained were higher than those who were not. Group training of reliance therapy components had a significant impact on resiliency (F=18. 83, P<0. 01) and on the QOL enhancement (F=15. 12, P<0. 01) of mothers of children with learning disabilities. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the educational program of group training of reliance therapy components had a positive impact on improving the resilience and QOL of mothers of children with learning disabilities; therefore, it is recommended to provide this program for mothers of children with learning disabilities.

Background and Objectives: Human behaviors are shaped through their experiences in universities, and the failure to find effective solutions to ethical challenges can jeopardize the ethical integrity of universities and society. The current study aimed to provide effective solutions to ethical challenges from the perspective of faculty members. Methods: The current study was a qualitative content analysis. The study population was selected by purposeful sampling, and the data were collected in deep face-to-face semi-structured personal interviews. Simultaneously with data collection, the analysis of qualitative data was carried out by qualitative content analysis method using the eight steps of Elo and Kynga¨ s (2008). Results: The text of the interviews was analyzed by 35 professors; thereafter, three themes and nine categories were obtained. These themes included value centering (entailing ethical orientation in management, ethical orientation in the evaluation, and ethical knowledge management), belief in values (consisting of motivating, increased moral sensitivity, and teaching spirituality), and developing the values (including promoting morality, introducing role models, and reflection on values). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, these three important issues are considered effective solutions to ethical challenges. The achievement of these solutions requires specific requirements which need to be met in order to be realized.

Background and Objectives: Aging is a sensitive period in human life. The present study aimed to provide a framework for psychological well-being based on the spiritual intelligence dimensions in the elderly. Methods: The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of the elderly living in the retirement homes of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2019. A total of 320 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using King’ s (2009) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Ryff’ s (2002) Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation. Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, psychological well-being of the elderly showed a significant positive relationship with the subscales of critical existential thinking (r=0. 34, P=0. 001), personal meaning (r=0. 41, P=0. 001), transcendental awareness (r=0. 38 and P=0. 001), conscious state expansion (r=0. 48, P=0. 001) and the overall score of spiritual intelligence (r=0. 62, P=0. 001). In addition, it was observed that spiritual intelligence had a significant direct impact on psychological well-being (β =0. 669) and the predictive power of psychological well-being was obtained by spiritual intelligence (R2=0. 508). Conclusion: The obtained results indicated the importance of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being in the elderly. Therefore, in order to improve the elderlys’ psychological well-being, it is essential to focus on promoting spiritual intelligence.

Background and Objectives: Traveling for health is one of the goals that can drive people to travel. Nowadays, pilgrimage plays a significant role in the therapy and spiritual well-being of people. Therefore, the present study aimed to study that how spiritual well-being is achieved through going on pilgrimage to holy places and how it affects all dimensions of one's life. Methods: The current qualitative research was conducted using the ethnographic method to fulfill the purpose of the study. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 female tourists. Purposive sampling was performed by referring to the pilgrimage sites in Shiraz, Iran. The collected data were analyzed based on the content analysis technique. Results: The results of the present study indicated that pilgrimage constitutes eight organizing themes: discovery of the existential meaning, sense of place, spiritual action, emotionalism, connection, miraculous treatment, renewal and remembrance, and purposefulness. In the end, the global theme was seeking treatment through spiritual means. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between therapy, spirituality, and spiritual well-being and sacred places can promote a different insight, helping us to provide solutions for the treatment and improvement of believers and even non-believers. Believers are in search of meaning and seek spiritual well-being. By visiting holy places, they strengthen their hope, faith, and sense of purposefulness, as well as improve their psychological and mental health. Accordingly, nowadays, most people seek spiritual therapy to restore their spiritual well-being.

Background and Objectives: Corruption is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon emerging when people misuse their power for personal gain. The current study aimed to delve into the causes of corruption in hospitals and anti-corruption preventive measures. Methods: In this review study, national and international databases were searched using the keywords “ corruption” , “ health” and “ hospital” and their English equivalents, both separately and in conjunction. Results: In both advanced and developing countries, corruption is on the rise in hospitals and related preventive measures are steadily getting more complicated. In addition, informal payments have affected hospitals and paying for officially free of charge services has led to patients’ distrust in the healthcare system. . Conclusion: Allocation of different roles and responsibilities to regulators, payers, healthcare providers, suppliers, and consumers has made good decision-making difficult even with the absolute honesty of all the people involved. In other words, in organizations with underlying principles of secrecy and confidentiality, such consequences as corruption are inevitable.