JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (21)|Papers Count:10

Introduction & Objective: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver injury accompanied by sustained liver damage. It is imperative that new approaches for repairing the liver are developed. Cell-based therapy has been implicated in the treatment of liver diseases. Mesenchymal stemcells (MSCs) from various sources such as bone marrow are available. These cells are one of them ajorcandidates incell therapy. The production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increases in the regenerating liver. The IGF-I in liver regeneration is effective after binding to insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR). We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor-a stimulate MSCs to cause IGF-IR expression.Materials and Methods: Bone marrow was aspirated from human normal donor after informing consent. Cells were isolated and cultured. Identification of cells with flow cytometric analysis was performed. Fourth  passage cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)at 1 ng/mL dose and incubated at different times (2, 10, 24 and 48 hours). The IGF-IR gene expression was investigated using real time-polymerase chain reaction technique.Results: Flow cytometric analysis showed that the human bone marrow MSCs were positive for CD90 and negative for CD45 and CD80. The IGF-IR gene expression was increased in TNF-a treated in comparison with untreated cells.Conclusion: Increase gene expression pattern of IGF-IR in human bone marrow derived MSCs may be used for clinical stem cell therapy in ALF.

Introduction & Objective: Probiotics are food supplement and pharmaceutical substance prepared from living microorganisms, which with enhancement of microbial equilibrium of intestinal microbiota insert useful effects on the host (human/animal). Researches were indicated that nutrients could affect the brain and neurohormones via vagus nerve. So it is probable that probiotics can regulate some parts of brain activities and result it better function.Materials and Methods: In this study 24 male wistar rats with 95-118 grams weight range and 4 weeks age were used and they divided to four groups randomly: two groups as control, with and without stressed rats. Two other groups were received were gavaged with 1×109 cfu/ml of probiotics.Results: Data of this research indicated that in the control groups, stress were increased the time of latency in dark component significantly (p<0.05) and there by decreased the learning and increased the spent time in dark component. In probiotic receiving groups, learning level had not significant difference with non-stressed control group even in stressed condition.Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the Lactobacillus brevis isolated from Tarkhineh dough, enhance the on passive avoidance learning in maleWistar rats under stress conditions. Our data demonstrate the positive effect of this probeotic on learning and memory.

Introduction & Objective: Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, used to treat diseases of iron poisoning and affects process of angiogenesis. In the present research, the effect of deferoxamine on angiogenesis of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane was assessed.Materials and Methods: 40 fertilized eggs were divided into 4 equal groups: control group and experimental control 1, experimental 2 and 3 treated with 10 and 100mm DFO, respectively. On day 8 of incubation, a gelatin sponge was placed on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and was soaked with 10 ml of DFO (10 mm) for group 2 and for group 3 with 10 ml of DFO (100 mm). On day 12, number and length of vessels in all samples was measured by Image J software. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by means of SPSS software (v.19), ANOVA and t test P<0.05.Results: Mean number and length of vessels in the control and experimental control 1 cases didn’t show any significant differences (p>0.05). Comparison between mean number and length of vessels in the control and group 1 showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) and groups 2 was showed a significant decrease in the mean number of vessels compared with the control (p<0.05), but in this group, didn’t show any significant differences in the mean length of vessels compared with the control (p>0.05).Conclusion: Deferoxamine cause inhibition of angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.

Introduction & Objective: Peripheral nervous system damages reverse as retrograde to alpha neuron cell bodies and cause spinal degeneration . It is probable that Nigella sativa from Ranunculaceae family can prevent the injury progress because of antioxidant effect. The aim of this study is Nuroprotective effect of Nigella sativa aquatic extract on alpha motoneurons degeneration after Sciatic nerve injury in rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 wistar rats with average body weight of 250 to 300 gr were divided randomly to four groups. Animals were divided each consisting eight members; A: control, B: compression, C: compression + treatment with 75 mg/kg aquaticextract, D: compression+treatment with 50 mg/kg aquatic extract. In compression group, the right leg Sciatic nerve get through compression (60sec), in treated groups, in addition to compression extract was injected (2time, every week, I.P). After for weeks of post – operations in which lumbar segments of spinal cord L2-L4 were sampled, processed, and serially sectional and stained with toluidine blue, the number of alpha motoneurons was counted using dissector method. Data was analyzed with using Minitab-14 software, ANOVA and T- tests.Results: Neuronal density was (650±32) and) 1803±24) in compression and control groups respectively (P<0.00). There was a meaningful statistical increase in neuronal density of group C (1350±66) in comparing compression group (P<0.00). The neuronal density in group (D) (1287±126), significantly increased in comparison with group (B) (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that aquatic extract of Nigella sativa leaves increases the density of alpha motoneurons in spinal cord after sciatic nerve compression in Rats. The increase in neuronal density is relevant to the amount of extract used.

Introduction & Objective: Heamatological characteristics of the fish can be a marker of normal and abnormal conditions of the environment in different species of fish as animportant indicator of fish be considered. This study, was determined and studied the comparison of some biochemical factors of serum in common carp, silver carp and grass carp.Material and Methods: Tested was done with a sample of 10 fish from each group. The blood used from the tail vein was cut and was placed in a special container and was measured in laboratory value of each factor.Results: Results showed that there is significant difference in the value of RBC, Hb, HCT, WBC, Lymphocyte and notrophil in Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalimichthys molitrixand Ctenopharyngodon idella (p<0.05). But there is not any significant difference in the value of MCV, MCH, MCHC, monocyte and eosinophil (p>0.05). Also, results showed that there is significant difference in the value of alanin aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase  in common carp, silver carp and grass carp (p<0.05). But there is not any significant difference in the value of aspartate aminotransferase (p>0.05). Conclusion The results of this study show that heamatological characteristics are different for different species.

Introduction & Objective: Possible toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on humans are a major concern that encountered the use of this nanoparticles with many challenges. Today, silver nanoparticles, mostly because of their antimicrobial effects have been discussed. But the possibility of their side effects, make its use doubtful. Among the main effects of silver nanoparticles that can have in the body, effects on the liver and its metabolism which has not been mostly considered. The aim of this study was to examine the injected effects of silver nanoparticles on plasma levels of liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP that could open new horizons in relation to current challenges.Methods: In this study, 21 female Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. The first group was sham group, the second group was control group, the third to seventh groups were tested, were treated with 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm of silver nanoparticles, respectively. Treatment of mice continued for 10 days. Then the rats were killed with ether anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from the hearts of animals. Plasma levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) were tested by diagnostic kit of Pars Azmoon company using indirect spectrophotometric method. Results: The results showed that there are no significant differences between the control and sham groups. But overall, silver nanoparticles at high concentrations cause significant changes in levels of enzymes. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles at high concentrations can have deleterious effects on the liver and should be used with caution in high concentrations.

Introduction & Objective: Given the side effects of fertility drugs and other therapies, the researchers have embarked on investigating the effects of medicinal plants on reproductive processes. This study seeks to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of olive seed on the levels of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone in immature female rat.Materials and Methods: The study is of experimental type carried out under laboratory conditions. In doing so, 40 immature female Wistar rats, with weight difference of less than10%and age range of4-5weeks were entered into the study. The rats were divided into groups of ten as follows: control consisting of 10rats receiving nothing during the trial period of 28 day. sham group consisting of10rats which received 1 ml distilled water as drug solvent for 28 days, As for the experimental groups, there were 2 groups of 10 treated as follows: Experimental group consisting of two subgroups of ten receiving orally varying amounts of olive seed extract, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg for a period of 28 days. Blood sampling was performed on all the rats at the end of 28 days from ventricular region of their hearts and levels of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone were measured using RIA method (technique).The obtained data were statistically analyzed by one way Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Statistically, a significant increase in LH hormone serum concentration was in the experimental groups receiving varying amounts of hydro alcoholic extract of olive seed after 28, compared to that in the control and sham groups. FSH serum concentration increased significantly in the experimental group receiving 500mg/kg of the extract, after 28 days. As for estrogen concentration, the respective level rose significantly in the experimental group receiving 500 mg/kg after 28 days .Also, a significant increase in progesterone level was observed in the experimental group with 500mg/kg extract treatment after 28 days.Conclusion: Taking into account the present study findings, we can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of olive seed can enhance the ovarian pituitary hormone axis activities, i.e, increase in the levels of the hormones LH, FSH, estrogen, Progesterone in immature female rats.

Introduction & Objective: Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix) is one of the most important cultivated warm water fish species. Several factors may play role in the fish health in breeding process. One of these is blood factors based on that fish health can be ensured. On the other hand, blood factors as a health symptom influenced by such factors as age and so on which have been studied in the paper. Materials and Methods: In order to examine the effect of different ages in silver carp on blood cellular and biochemical parameters, blood sampling has been done for 800 pieces of silver carp through puncturing the caudal vessel Method in 12 cooperative reproduction and cultivation center (Kass fish) located in Rasht city so that 100 pieces were at the age of 9-months, +1, +2, +3 years.Results: The results of statistical analysis indicated that the average hemoglobin concentration and its amount (MCHC) in globules increase by increasing the age and this increase is statistically different significantly in an age group to the other (P<0.05). Calcium and glucose amount increase in the group with 12-months age rather than other ages with significant difference statistically (P<0.05). White blood cell number (WBC), Hematocrit amount (HCT), Neutrophil account, cholesterol and protein level in the age group of 24-months shows increasing trend rather than other age groups with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Triglyceride levels, hemoglobin (Hb), mean hemoglobin concentration in blood cells (MCHC), mean weight of blood hemoglobin (MCH) and number of Monocyte was increased in 36-month age group rather than other groups with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing in inorganic phosphorus is more in 9-month age group has been seen with a significant difference (P<0.05).