JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (20)|Papers Count:10

Introduction & Objective: Fishes might experience starvation in the process of catching and transportation and the prior events. These events of hunger can be effective on some factors of blood serum and survival. Materials and Methods: To understand the effects of starvation on some blood parameters of the Cyprinus carpio blood serum, with the average weight of 3.243±0.132 gr, a study was initiated for 6 weeks, with 2 groups and 3 repeats. The study was carried on with feeding 10% of body weight (3 times a day) and complete hunger, in the temperature of 28±2 C, pH: 7.8-8.2 and 6 ppm oxygen. To gather information about the effects of starvation on Cyprinus carpio's blood factors by every repeat, 5 to 7 fingerlings fish were accidentally chosen each week. The fish were anesthetized with 200 ppm of colve oil .The blood was sent to the lab for measuring the blood factors.Results: The research showed that starvation has notable effects on the level of all of the aforementioned blood factors, also the chance of survival. And thus, there's a disparity between the attendances (P<0.05).Conclusion: Finally, the results that came from this research shows that by protracting the starvation duration, the studied biochemical factors of blood, and the survival chance will drop noticeably.

Introduction & Objective: Nuroglia or glial cells are non-polar cells that are responsible for metabolic function and physical support. Proliferation of glial cells is answering the obvious signs of CNS to environmental damage. Yarrow is a plant belonging to the family Asteracea that contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti- apoptosis component. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects of Achillea biebersteinii leaves alcoholic extract on spinal cord neuroglia cell after sciatic nerve compression in rats.Materials and Methods: 30male Wister rats were divided randomly in groups (control, comperession, comperession+ treatment). Sciatic nerve was exposed to compression for 60 s using lockerpincers. Extract injection was done intra peritoneally in the first and second week with 50, 75, 100 mg/kg dose after compression. Then 28 days after compression under profusion method the lumber spinal cord was sampled. After cutting and coloring, the density of motoneurons was measured using dissector methods. The numerical density in each group compare with each other.Results: According to results, neurglia density shows meaningful increase between compression and control groups (P<0.001). Neuroglia density in treatment groups 50, 75, 100 mg/kg alcoholic extract has also a significant meaningful decrease (P<0.001) comparing with compression group.Conclusion: It seems that alcoholic extracts of Achillea biebersteinii leaves have probably growth factors, regeneration factors and decrease neuralgia density because of anti inflammation effect.

Introduction & Objective: present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of addition of a synthetic antioxidant, MnTE, on motility and membrane integrity during the liquid storage (up to 72h) of goat semen.Materials and Methods: Semen samples were collected using artificial vagina from three mature goats, mixed and diluted (1:20 v/v) with a Bioxell extender containing 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM of MnTE. All diluted sperm suspensions were cooled to 5oC and stored until 72hr and sperm motility and membrane integrity were assessed in 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72hr post dilution. Results: With increasing storage time (0 to 72h), the percentage of motility and membrane integrity decreased in all treatments and control group. Addition of MnTE at 0.01 and 0.1 mM concentration to the extender, improved goat semen quality, while addition of 1mM of MnTE had an adverse effect on motility and membrane integrity when compared to control.Conclusion: extender supplemented with MnTE could reduce the oxidative stress provoked by liquid storage processes. The optimum concentration of MnTE seems to be 0.01 and 0.1mM for goat semen in liquid storage state. However, further supplementation of extender with 1mM of MnTE not only did not improve the results but inversely affected motility and membrane integrity in all treatment group.

Introduction & Objective: Perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus) is from Percidae and one of the valuable fishes in terms of ecological & economical and have limited habitat in iran, stands for the highest stocks in Amirkelayeh & Anzali wetlands, there lived a group mature at age 2-3.Materials and Methods: The studies of biometry and gonadosomatic index are the important indicators of reproduction biology in fishes. The present study was conducted in November 2011& December, January, February& March 2011 in Amirkelayeh wetland and 126 specimens caught by gillnet while they were 2, 3, 4, 5 years old, respectively. Results: In Lahijan Amirkelayeh wetland to investigate gonadosomatic index and biometry in this male species.  According to the results obtained highest average total length (22.5 cm), fork length (21.5 cm), standard length (19.5 cm), body weight (158 g) and gonad weight (7.15 g) of 5 year old fish and the lowest average total length (13 cm), fork length (12.5 cm), standard length (11 cm), body weight (28.7 g) and gonad weight (1.82 g) belonged to 2 year old fish. Conclusion: There was significant different in mean of total length, fork length, standard length, body weight and gonad weight among differente group of age (P <0.05). But, did not abserve in gonadosomatic difference gonadosomatic index between these male brood (P>0.05).

Introduction & Objective: This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) in Tonekabon's DohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods: In this study, twenty two rainbow trout (from 25 to 584 g) were caught and after tissue digestion, the cadmium amount was measured using the voltammetry method. Results: Based on the results, the average concentration of cadmium in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout in Tonekabon's Dohezar River was 1.01 microgram per gram, which shows higher rate than the standard accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO) (0.2 micrograms per gram). Conclusion: byelevating in body weight of fish, cadmium levels are significantly (P<0.05) increased.

Introduction & Objective: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is one estrogenal compound that used for treatment of breast cancer and prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of DES in spermatogenesis in male mature Balb/C mice. Materials and Methods: In this research, 32 mature mice has been used about weighting 35 - 40 g and age of 80 – 90 days which the mice are divided in four group with eight- numbers which includes one control group, one sham group and two experimental group . The experimental group and sham group has received 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg DES for 21 days as daily.Results: The experimental II group has received 0.02 mg/kg DES for 21 days as daily. At last, parameters such as body weight, weight of left and right testis, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm, Leydig and sertoli cells as well as rate of LH and testosterone hormone concentration. It has been studies results observed, reduction in number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and sperm cells.Conclusion: But, hasn’t significient decrease body weight, weight of left and right testis, the number of Leydig and sertoli. Also hasn’t significient decrease concentration of LH hormone. But, it was demonstrated decrease in concentration level of testosterone hormone as comparision with control group. It can concluded, that use of DES may decreases rate of testosterone hormone secretion and cells number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid that probably, affected fertility in Balb/C mice.

Introduction & Objective: Fennel is a plant with scientific name Feoniculum vulgare that belong to Apiaceae family. This plant has many pharmaceutical effects which one of the best important uses is increasing of lactation. The essential oil of fennel contains trans anethole, estragole, fenchone and limonene. This study investigated the effect of fennel extract on male Balb/C mice testis histology.Materials and Methods: As first, samples separated full casually, as five groups and in any of group eight samples as experimental groups 1, 2, 3 and two groups, control and placebo, respectively, which kept in the same conditions. Fennel hydro-ethanolic extract provided in different doses. (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/2day) and injected intraperitonealy for 20 days to treated groups and normal saline were injected to placebo group (zero dose).Results: These groups compared with control group. The number of primary spermatocytes and assess of histological properties were done with provided sections of seminiferous tubules and with use light microscope. The results indicated that number of primary spermatocytes and spermatozoids significantly can be decreased in dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg/2day in comparison with other groups. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated the negative effect of fennel extract on male reproductive system because number of sexual cells decreased significantly.

Introduction & Objective: Silver nanoparticles may be toxic. The mechanism of toxicity is not known. Great concern for the health of humans in nature has created. The changes in body weight, liver index and spleen index can be effective in identifying harmful factor in the body. This study was performed to examine the effects of silver nanoparticles on body weight and liver and spleen index in rats.Materials and Methods: 21 adult female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups. The mice were weighed. Group 1 was sham. Control group 2 and group 3 to 7 experimental groups were treated respectively with 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm of silver nanoparticles. Mice treated for 10 days. On the eleventh day the rats were killed by diethyl ether anesthesia. The mice were weighed and then dissected; the liver and spleen were removed. Liver and spleen were weighed in order to calculate their index.Results: The results showed no significant change in body weight of mice, spleen weight, liver weight and liver index and spleen index.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of silver nanoparticles does not affect the index in rat liver and spleen.