Comparative Theology
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:9|Papers Count:11

allameh sayyid muhammad husain tabatabaei and David Hume, in regard to influential philosophical thought’s, are very important, one in the Muslim world and The other in the West world. Allama has mentioned his thoughts on ethics, in his two books, the principles of philosophy and Method of realism and Al-Mizan interpretation (Quranic exegesis). In The principles of philosophy and Method of realism, his main discussions are actions that export from agent and the relationship between agent and action.

In the view of Islamic philosophers, famous definition for causality is “giving existence”. The Molla Sadra believes that the Principle of causality with its branches constitutes a single body, and its acceptance is considered as postulate. Discussion about the criteria of neediness of effect to cause is considered branch of the general law of causality which is necessary in discussion of causal necessity. It is obvious that Molla Sadra’s view in determining the criteria for the neediness is the Possibility in the sense of need.

In Analytic philosophy, when the topic of the life’s meaning comes up, primarily the concept of words of “meaning” and “life” is clarified. The analytic philosophers, often, have explained “meaning” in two senses: 1-The life’s aim 2-The life’s value or the life’s function and advantage.In some approaches, in analysis of the concept of “life”, life has been considered beyond routine, usual, and repeated levels of it. This approach shows the meaningful life demonstrates through a transcendent Being. Hence, in theistic religions, human’s life, when according to commands of that Being, is more meaningful and valuable. It is met anaturalism view in debate on “life’s meaning”.

In the field of religious studies, study of previous religions and orders is important, because divine religions have a one truth and essence; Judaism, Christianity and Islam are relative religions and have a common history. All three are attributed to religion of Abraham, Hence are called the “Abraham religions”. All three of them have Semitic origins; therefore they are called the “Semitic religions”.

This research is a critical analysis on the place of human and his integration with religious issues, and the subject of disobedience and rebellion. In addition, topics such as reward, punishment, redemption and salvation of mankind in two great works of literature of the world, Masnavi by Mawlana and Paradise Lost by Milton have been comparatively discussed.

Of the most central elements of religions and most important issues in theology and the Contemporary study of religion is the category of faith and its greatest impact on various aspects of life. Faith, in Islamic and Christian theology, has common and also distinct aspects. The truth of Faith in Islamic thought was multidimensional and consists of a wide range of Confession of language, intellectual knowledge, heart affirmation and inner experience to the treatment involves external actions. In Christianity, it was faith in confirmation of the revealed proposition that led to a sense of transcendence and met aproposition and created Interest mode in human And sometimes faith apply to the experience of presence and manifestation of God in life.

The Sadraee’s transcendental philosophy in theology affected by the authentic Divinity texts and discussions and has inspired in resolving many of the theological and philosophical problems of this school. Therefore, this school can be considered as the most prominent school. Although, Molla sadra does not know enough the argument and arguing without conscience and purification of self, but, the most based on imported sources of revelation and interpretations of Imams (AS) and believes that truths of faith are not possible except by purifying heart from the whims, thinking of the Divine verses, hadith of the Prophet (The Prophet’s massage) and his tribe, and following the way of the pious men. Proposing the problem of Divine Decrees of fate in transcendental philosophy and explaining its principles that brought up in both the philosophical texts and exegesis of the followers of transcendental philosophy are of the most important Instances that this school takes impression from religious texts.

Mu’tazilite was a group of Muslim theologians, who attributed themselves to the just people; Reference of justice among them was that God calculates human actions. They believed each person is responsible for his actions. This was the problem that caused many disagreements between Muslims. Is the man responsible for his actions or not? Whether human on their actions have a will or not? And this old proposition in which the human mind is always engaged is also important in the Mu’tazilite.

shafe is usually applied as even against odd in Arabic language and literature. Ragheb Isfahani mentions that “shafe means inclusion of something to the same itself and intercession is ordering to something else, so that the intercessor helps him and he also requests the intercessor. Application of intercession is mostly where the veneration of higher ranking person to a lower ranking one is enclosed and intercession in resurrection day is also among these cases”.

Prophet hood, possesses a profound significance in the Abrahamic religions. Prophets act as mediums, through whom the message of God is received and delivered to people, and thus fulfill two kinds of epistemological and Responsible functions: one related to the prophetic “gnosis” of the divine message and the other to the missionary “responsibility” of enacting it. But do the position and functions of the prophets come to an end with his death? For the Abrahamic religions, the answer is ‘No’. In these religions, we are faced with a phenomenon that can be called the “Transmission of the position and functions of prophets”. This article attempts to explain this phenomenon in the context of the holy texts of these three religions and in the terms of the three mechanisms of Blessedness, Heredity and Successor ship. Although, the separation between this mechanisms in analysis, necessarily, they are not separate in instances.