Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation
Year:2020 | Volume:4 | Issue:4|Papers Count:5

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the upper urinary tract constitute only 7% of urothelial carcinomas. The majority of upper urinary tract TCC arises from the renal pelvis, followed by the ureter. The majority of the patients are presented with microscopic or macroscopic haematuria, flank pain, or symptoms due to metastasis; however, it can be asymptomatic in 10-15%. Case presentation: Here, we report the case of a 58-year-old male who was referred with headache and cranial nerve palsy, later diagnosed with beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) that was secreted from TCC of the renal pelvis with nasopharyngeal, lung, and brain metastasis. Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal metastasis from TCC of the renal pelvis is a rare entity and this case report adds to the present literature.

Introduction: Orbital metastasis of prostate cancer (PC) is very rare and even more unique in castration-resistant PC (CRPC). In this scenario, choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (choline PET/CT) is the gold-standard restaging method of choice available in our setting, and new anti-androgens treatments show improvement in overall survival. Case presentation: We report the case of a 69-year-old male patient diagnosed with PC, treated with radical prostatectomy, and salvage radiotherapy after biochemical recurrence. After new prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was started. Four and a half years later, and already labeled as non-metastatic CRPC with a negative extension study, including choline PET/CT, he developed an accidental left frontal head trauma, presenting with proptosis, palpebral oedema, and oculomotor disorder. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a destructive bone lesion in the left orbit, associated with a soft tissue mass. These findings, suggestive of a neoplastic lesion, were histologically confirmed PC metastasis. Treatment was initiated with abiraterone, with a rapid improvement of symptoms, a progressive decrease of PSA, and a significant radiological response. Conclusion: Orbital metastases may present with proptosis and should be considered in patients with a history of cancer. If the ocular-orbital disease is suspected, the nuclear medicine physician should be aware that the choline PET/CT imaging includes the orbits. Tolerability and response to treatment with abiraterone were excellent.

Introduction: Introduction: Molecular components within the microenvironment act upon cell growth, survival/apoptosis, and proliferation. Immune system cells respond to molecules produced by the tumor and released in the surrounding microenvironment, such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. This study aimed to identify the effects of tumor environment on monocyte-macrophage cell lineage. Methods: We evaluated morphological and functional changes in THP-1 cells cultured in culture medium mixed with the culture supernatant of one of three different osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines, namely 143B, HS888, and MG-63. We analyzed the effect of supernatants from OS cell lines on morphology and growth of THP-1 cells, 􀁄 􀁑 􀁇 􀀃 􀁐 􀀵 􀀱 􀀤 􀀃 􀁈 􀁛 􀁓 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁖 􀁌 􀁒 􀁑 􀀃 􀁒 􀁉 􀀃 􀁓 􀁋 􀁒 􀁖 􀁓 􀁋 􀁒 􀁌 􀁑 􀁒 􀁖 􀁌 􀁗 􀁌 􀁇 􀁈 􀀐 􀁖 􀁓 􀁈 􀁆 􀁌 􀂿 􀁆 􀀃 􀁓 􀁋 􀁒 􀁖 􀁓 􀁋 􀁒 􀁏 􀁌 􀁓 􀁄 􀁖 􀁈 􀀃 􀀦 􀀃 􀀋 􀀳 􀀯 􀀦 􀀌 􀀃 􀁈 􀁑 􀁝 􀁜 􀁐 􀁈 􀁖 􀀑 Results: 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀀃 􀁖 􀁘 􀁓 􀁈 􀁕 􀁑 􀁄 􀁗 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁉 􀁕 􀁒 􀁐 􀀃 􀁈 􀁄 􀁆 􀁋 􀀃 􀀲 􀀶 􀀃 􀁆 􀁈 􀁏 􀁏 􀀃 􀁏 􀁌 􀁑 􀁈 􀀃 􀁚 􀁈 􀀃 􀁌 􀁇 􀁈 􀁑 􀁗 􀁌 􀂿 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀁓 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁈 􀁑 􀁆 􀁈 􀀃 􀁒 􀁉 􀀃 􀁖 􀁈 􀁏 􀁈 􀁆 􀁗 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀁗 􀁈 􀁕 􀁏 􀁈 􀁘 􀁎 􀁌 􀁑 􀀃 􀀋 􀀬 􀀯 􀀌 􀀏 􀀃 􀀷 􀀱 􀀩 􀄮 􀀏 􀀃 􀁄 􀁑 􀁇 􀀃 􀀪 􀀰 􀀐 􀀦 􀀶 􀀩 􀀑 􀀃 􀀨 􀁄 􀁆 􀁋 􀀃 􀀲 􀀶 􀀐 􀁇 􀁈 􀁕 􀁌 􀁙 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁖 􀁘 􀁓 􀁈 􀁕 􀁑 􀁄 􀁗 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀀃 􀁇 􀁌 􀁉 􀁉 􀁈 􀁕 􀁈 􀁑 􀁗 􀁏 􀁜 􀀃 􀁐 􀁒 􀁇 􀁌 􀂿 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀁊 􀁕 􀁒 􀁚 􀁗 􀁋 􀀃 􀁕 􀁄 􀁗 􀁈 􀀃 􀁒 􀁉 􀀃 􀀷 􀀫 􀀳 􀀐 􀀔 􀀃 􀁆 􀁈 􀁏 􀁏 􀁖 􀀏 􀀃 􀁇 􀁈 􀁓 􀁈 􀁑 􀁇 􀁌 􀁑 􀁊 􀀃 􀁒 􀁑 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀁆 􀁈 􀁏 􀁏 􀀃 􀁏 􀁌 􀁑 􀁈 􀀑 􀀃 􀀲 􀀶 􀀃 􀁖 􀁘 􀁓 􀁈 􀁕 􀁑 􀁄 􀁗 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁊 􀁕 􀁈 􀁄 􀁗 􀁏 􀁜 􀀃 􀁐 􀁒 􀁇 􀁌 􀂿 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 􀁈 􀁛 􀁓 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁖 􀁌 􀁒 􀁑 􀀃 􀁓 􀁄 􀁑 􀁈 􀁏 􀀃 􀁒 􀁉 􀀃 􀀳 􀀯 􀀦 􀀃 􀁈 􀁑 􀁝 􀁜 􀁐 􀁈 􀁖 􀀃 􀁈 􀁛 􀁓 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁖 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁅 􀁜 􀀃 􀀷 􀀫 􀀳 􀀐 􀀔 􀀃 􀁆 􀁈 􀁏 􀁏 􀁖 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀀃 􀁗 􀁋 􀁈 􀀃 in vitro microenvironment. THP-1 cells differently express PLC enzymes, depending on the origin of the supernatant. The differences in PLCs’ expression induced by OS 􀁖 􀁘 􀁓 􀁈 􀁕 􀁑 􀁄 􀁗 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀁖 􀀃 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁘 􀁏 􀁗 􀁈 􀁇 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀀃 􀁄 􀀃 􀁖 􀁗 􀁄 􀁗 􀁌 􀁖 􀁗 􀁌 􀁆 􀁄 􀁏 􀁏 􀁜 􀀃 􀁖 􀁌 􀁊 􀁑 􀁌 􀂿 􀁆 􀁄 􀁑 􀁗 􀀃 􀁇 􀁌 􀁉 􀁉 􀁈 􀁕 􀁈 􀁑 􀁆 􀁈 􀀃 􀁌 􀁑 􀀃 􀁈 􀁛 􀁓 􀁕 􀁈 􀁖 􀁖 􀁌 􀁒 􀁑 􀀃 􀁒 􀁉 􀀃 􀀳 􀀯 􀀦 􀀥 􀀔 􀀃 and PLCG2 genes. Conclusions: OS supernatants induce the differentiation of THP-1 cells into macrophages. THP-1 cells cultured in OS supernatants expressed different expression panels of PLC enzymes at the mRNA level. The expression panel of PLC enzymes differs during the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage lineage THP-1 cells.

Introduction: We report a case of a 64-year old man with a history of colon carcinoma. He underwent fine-needle aspiration by CytoFoam-core and diagnosis of metastatic colon cancer to the thyroid gland. Case presentation: In this case report, a solid thyroid nodule in the right lobe of a 64-year-old male was aspirated. The cytological smears showed a small group of atypical cells with the obvious nucleolus, necrosis, and atypical tall columnar cells. Since the patient had undergone surgery for rectal cancer at age 63, suspicion of metastasis from colon cancer was raised. This was corroborated by CytoFoam-core immunocytochemistry; showing a positive staining pattern for caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (cd×2) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20); while thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) were both negative. Conclusion: The main objective was to correctly identify the metastatic thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and exclude other clinical entities as primary diseases of the thyroid gland. Cytology plays a crucial role in the follow-up and the therapeutic management of the patients. The CytoFoam-core preparations were diagnostic of metastatic colon cancer to the thyroid gland. In this context, the CytoFoam-core could be of great help, especially in previous oncologic history cases.

DEAR EDITOR, The term metaphor is derived from metaphora, a Greek word comprising meta (over) and pherin (carry), which literally means carrying over. Metaphors are important tools in thinking and communicating, and they have great importance in cognitive linguistics. Metaphors are abundantly used in different fields, including medical texts. In this respect, metaphors and abstract concepts are also found in cancer-related studies. Metaphors frame the same subject in different ways and facilitate different conclusions and evaluations. Thus metaphors can be used as an expression due to the existence of specific frames and clauses and assessments they suggest. Hence, using metaphors is a controversial topic because of a combination of such factors and the use of certain phrases and related concepts...