PERSIAN LITERATURE QUARTERLY
Year:2008 | Volume:5 | Issue:19|Papers Count:12

Sheikh Najib al-Din Reza Tabrizi, a Safavidera poet and mystic, is the author of the long mathnavi of “Sab’al-Mathani.” This book, which is equal in volume to all the books of Mowlavi’s Mathnavi, has been regarded as the seventh book of Mathnavi. This work includes such extensive information about his life, his time, and social, religious and mystic beliefs inside and outside Zahabiah circles that it can be considered to be a Safavid era encyclopedia, especially on topics like mysticism and Sufism.Most of this work is allocated to the story of Shahravan-e Mo’tabar, clearly indicating the author’s intention of completing the incomplete story of “The Princes” in Mathnavi. In this work, the author has endeavored to pay much attention to Mowlavi’s moods and feelings. This endeavor is manifest all through the book.

The majority of literary research on Eskandarnameh is dedicated to the explication of its lines, words, and terms. This article first introduces the different existing exegeses and a formal and content review of them. It then depicts the roots of different viewpoints in the following areas:Vocabulary: Sometimes different ideas about the literal and figurative meanings of words have led to different meanings for some lines.Phrase: Sometimes different ideas about the denotative and connotative meanings of a phrase have resulted into different meanings for some lines.The whole line: Sometimes cacosyntheton and metalepsis, the interpretation of lines in different ways and the way to read lines may cause various meanings. Also, in some cases, different corrections may make the lines, and consequently their meanings different.

This article focuses on island structures (structures which make movement from inside of them impossible), introduced by different linguists including Ross. It goes on to map them on to Persian language data to see whether these structures prevent their internal structures from moving outward o Persian language does not have such constraints. All movement constraints and island structures will be introduced and compared with Persian data.

The word “Mazandaran” was first seen in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. This city was a famous city with names like Tapoorestan. Being the main geographical area in Shahnameh, the land is important in the area of urban geography.In addition to words, this article studies Ferdowsi’s mythical findings of the borders of this land as well as the history and the expanse. Its wonderful conformity with Hamavaran is also studied.

The article starts with an introduction about the language of Mehdi Akhavan Saless (nicknamed “Omid”) and a definition of inflectional and syntactic archaism. It ends with the presentation of evidence in the three areas of inflectional and syntactic archaism, the use of archaic words, and new or rare words and terms as well as some reviews. Concerning the presented evidence, it must be said that:all of his poems have been precisely studied line by line.the most important ones have been presented here.the presented evidence has been extracted from different works and from new and old formats.

In this age of globalization, information technology, and the fast rush of science, the only way to be effectively present in global scenes is to improve the quality of the educational system. In recent decades, this has become the main worry of education experts in developed countries.According to experts, the present generation cannot be trained to live in the ever-changing world of today and tomorrow without having new plans to effect changes in the educational system, content, and methods.This important achievement has given our country’s education authorities new responsibilities and has emphasized the necessity to change educational programs.Persian Language and Literature, as a university major with a long history, needs to be revised. The present article focuses on how adaptable the present educational principles in this major are to scientific and standardized criteria like critical thinking, meaningful learning, life-orientedness and many other factors of efficient education.

This article studies and reviews the explication of some lines in Persian literary texts. Presenting some reasons and evidence, the author mentions some mistakes made by explicators in narrating these lines and endeavors to clearly explicate them. Considering the explication and narration of these lines makes it necessary to pay attention to the surface structure of these works.

Although the existence of literature in many ancient societies dates back to prehistoric times, the origin of literary criticism as a knowledge that analyzes the nature of poetry and literature is undoubtedly rooted in ancient Greece, and Plato is one of the forerunners of this undeniable art. His theories on poetry can be divided into two parts: intuitive and imitative. In his intuitive theory, he considers poetry to be an unconscious inspiration and intuition from the gods of poetry and accordingly praises the poets. In the latter view, he clearly changes his perspective and regards poetry to be the result of the poet’s imitation of nature, two degrees lower than the ideal (mesali) fact. Ethically, he criticizes poetry because he considers it to instigate mean feelings and to destroy wisdom. Later, Aristotle offers some response to Plato’s criticism of poetry.This article studies Plato’s two theories on poetry and presents Aristotle’s defense of poetry.

This article studies why Rakhsh was the most known of all the horses in Shahnameh and what outstanding characteristics it had. It first deals with the importance of horses in pre-Islamic religious books and Shahnameh. Then it states that Rakhsh is a mythical horse and has humane features that are manifest in its behaviour. It feels responsible toward Rostam, likes him, understood him, and was glorious, brave, fast and unique. Its outstanding natural and animal features are also mentioned.

Hafez is known and unknown to everybody and is enormously spoken of. His poems have been elaborately explicated and studied from different perspectives. This article looks at his poetry from a different angle. Hafez has frequently used words such as hair, plait, tress, lock of hair, … in his poems, but not only is this repetition not boring for the reader, but also he feels a kind of freshness each time.The article intends to illustrate Hafez’s skill and art in creating new expressions with these words. Hafez maneuvers a word along with the other words and grants freshness and novelty.