AL-FIKR AL SIASI AL ISLAMI
Year:2021 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

The paper aims to study the jurisprudential attitudes in the field of contemporary Shiite Imamiyah political thought, which is the basis for the formation of the first Shiite government. Hence, the main question is what developments have taken place in the contemporary political thought of the Imamiyah Shiite from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution? The research findings suggest that the theoretical evolution of Shiite political thought has taken place in the light of several developments, among which the two important events of the "Constitutional Revolution" and the "Islamic Revolution" have had the greatest impact. These two phenomena have led to the emergence of scientific debates under each of them and the formation of new concepts and political theories in contemporary Shiite political thought. The most important feature of these theories is the attempt to reconcile democracy, government, and the involvement of the people in political destiny by accepting religious government and the leadership of a just well qualified jurist, known as "religious democracy".

In response to the question about the foundations of Qur'anic politics, the current paper, in addition to conceptual examination and analysis of politics, tries to explain the Qur'anic view of the foundations of politics with an in-text approach and relying on Izutsu's semantic analytical model. Based on the semantic approach, understanding the foundations of politics, as a matter of governance in the Holy Qur'an requires placing politics in a semantic or Qur'anic worldview. Considering this approach and using the method of thematic interpretation and with emphasis on Tafsir Al-Mizan (as the methodological model of the paper), the verses that make up the worldview of the Holy Quran were studied, and it guided us to basic concepts such as: "creation and being creator", "property and ownership", "divine guardianship and government", "divine succession and caliphate of man", "Ummah and Imamate" and "world and the hereafter". Through explaining the aforementioned concepts and the effect of believing in them in the approach to politics as a matter of governance, the author explains the foundations of Qur'anic politics.

This paper seeks to examine the characteristics of a Muslim ruler based on the interpretations given in the Qur'anic story of Solomon and from this origin to obtain the characteristics of Islamic government. Since the ruler is the main pillar and component of any government, we divided the characteristics of Prophet Solomon in the Qur'an into two categories. Individual characteristics in the sense of the same criteria internalized in the person and his traits are regardless of accepting the responsibility of the official, which is one of the most important and necessary traits without which the ruler cannot play his role. The second category is the characteristics of functionalism. It means that while gaining power in his position, the ruler should have these characteristics, which is a manifestation of individual characteristics. The findings suggest that the Holy Qur'an provides a complete picture of a Muslim ruler that is defined within the framework of the Islamic system and can be generalized and implemented at different times and places.

Unlike the approach of governmental jurisprudence, which considers the issue of governance in deriving the rulings related to the proper management of the government, in all jurisprudential chapters and issues, political jurisprudence, as an interdisciplinary field related to jurisprudence and politics, is part of a wide range of jurisprudential issues, which analyzes political issues. This specialized field, which considers political behaviors at the micro (individual) and macro (social) levels based on the Shari'a, is in line with the political beliefs that are discussed in political discourse. Political jurisprudence, which uses the methodology of ijtihad in proportion to its jurisprudence, focuses on a special type of jurisprudential methodology appropriate to the understanding of political affairs, which, while using the text-oriented methodology, emphasizes the priority and centrality of the rational method. In terms of scope, it includes individual, social, and governmental issues, and in terms of ruling, it includes primary, secondary, and governmental rulings. In addition to issuing inferences of rulings, political jurisprudence, it is capable of theorizing and systematizing and can turn jurisprudence into the law of governing society and it analyzes and examines all the issues of the political domains as a system of issues of political jurisprudence.

Imam Musa Sadr is a thinker who has been in Lebanon for almost twenty years as the leader of the Lebanese Shiites, and his thoughts and actions are a valuable experience that we can use to solve various problems in our society. As we know, Lebanese society is a multicultural society; most of its citizens follow the religions of Islam or Christianity, and the two branches, Shiite and Sunni, as the largest religions and denominations. Given that during the presence of Imam Musa Sadr in Lebanese society, there were widespread conflicts, including civil war and the lack of political consensus for growth and development and elimination of backwardness, the question is what is the method of Imam Musa Sadr to achieve peace in Lebanon's diverse cultural and religious society? Sadr considers the problem of peace to be the greatest human problem of the twentieth century. Therefore, the answer to this question becomes more important. The author claims that based on a study of Sadr's thought and views, a set of strategies for achieving peace and resolving conflicts can be examined in Sadr's view. These strategies include the epistemological and non-epistemological dimensions and become important.

The emergence of the Ansarullah movement in the Yemeni political scene is one of the most important developments in recent years, which, in addition to domestic consequences, has also led to the objective development of the resistance at regional and international levels. Although this movement intellectually follows the Zaydi beliefs, but in reconstructing these beliefs and presenting an intellectual system for the establishment of a socio-political movement, it is based on the political thought and action of Hussein al-Houthi as the founder of the movement. According to Hussein al-Houthi, the Islamic world has degenerated and the only solution for that is to return to the Qur'an. In this system of thought, by returning to the Qur'an, we see the reconstruction of concepts such as resistance, fighting arrogance, etc. in the light of the Qur'an and its adaptation to the policies of the United States and Israel. The political thought and action of the Yemeni Ansarullah movement is based on the foundations and principles on which the political thinking of Hussein al-Houthi is based intellectually. These are the foundational issues of this thought. The findings of the paper suggest that in this system, belief and following the thought of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution, is considered as a standard model based on the Qur'an that has saved a part of the Islamic Ummah at this stage of oppression and arrogance.