JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD
Year:2009 | Volume:5 | Issue:3 (19)|Papers Count:12

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine some of the maternal risk factors that lead to preterm delivery. Recognizing these risk factors makes it possible to prevent preterm labors as the most frequent cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical research study. The data were collected from the recorded information in the files of mothers and preterm neonates that had been born in Bahman 22nd and Shahrivar 17th Hospitals in Mashhad during 2007-2009. The case group consists of 360 preterm deliveries (before week 37th of gestation). The control group consists of 360 term deliveries (after week 37th of gestation). In this study, some of the maternal risk factors leading to preterm labor were taken into consideration. The criteria selected were: maternity age, previous abortions, number of previous pregnancies, preeclampsia, the number and gender of fetuses, diabetes and bacterial vaginitis. Also, UTI, the premature rupture of membrane (PROM) was extracted from the registration records. Using SPSS, the two groups were compared and the data were analyzed with the method of chi- square test.Results: In this study, the prevalence rate of preterm labor was estimated as 6.1%. The findings suggest that maternal risk factors, such as diabetes, UTI, maternity age, the number of previous pregnancies and the gender of fetus did not cause any significant difference between the groups of the study, but we found significant p-value for the risk factors, such as bacterial vaginitis, PROM, preeclampsia, previous abortions, and the number of fetuses. Conclusion: We can reduce the incidence of preterm labor as a result of which the rate of morbidity and mortality of preterm neonates would decrease. This can be materialize  through early diagnosis and treatment of maternal genitourinary infections, prevention of premature rupture (PROM) and preeclampsia as well as preventing repeated abortions and iatrogenic multiple gestation with induction of ovulation.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine disease. It causes several complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on sensory-neuron auditory impairment.       Materials and Methods: We conducted this case - control study during the years of 2006-2008 with the collaboration of Mashhad Diabetes Center and the Audiometric Clinic at Ghaem Hospital. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 300 diabetic patients, as the case group and 300 persons as the control group entered this study. These two groups were matched by sex and age. Audiometric examinations, consisting of Pure Tone Audiometric Test, Diapason Tests and Autoscopy were administered on the participants in the present study.Results: There was a significant difference between control and case groups in sensory-neuron auditory impairment at high and low-median frequencies. Also, there was not any association between the duration of the disease and the level of sensory-neuron auditory impairment (P>0.05). In addition, the findings indicate a significant relationship between the complicated and uncomplicated groups in terms of the level of sensory-neuron auditory impairment at high frequencies. Patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus showed prominent sensory-neuron auditory impairment at high and low-median frequencies, as compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was not such association in Type I Diabetes Mellitus (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between two types of Diabetes Mellitus in the level of sensory-neuron auditory impairment. which was prominent in high frequencies (P<0.05). Also, this study showed that there was not any sex difference in the sensory-neuron auditory impairment (P>0.05).Conclusion: We propose the necessity of administrating regular audiometric examinations for the patients with diabetes mellitus. Early detection of sensory-neuron auditory impairment can decrease its progression due to better glycemic control.

Introduction: Neurolinguistics is the science concerned with the neural mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of language. Studies on language and communication Impairments after brain damage are perhaps the most common studies of this discipline. This study is concerned with the conversational cohesion patterns used by normal age Persian natives (NA) and those suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and Methods: Six Alzheimer’s patients participated in the research. The participants were matched for age, sex, and education to make six control subjects. Three main tasks were used to assess the impairments of cohesive ties in their discourse: One task of spontaneous speech and two tasks of picture description.Results: NA subjects produced 2.27% structural cohesion ties in 443 sentences while AD subjects used 1.89% of these devices in 235 produced sentences. NA subjects produced .01% of structural cohesive errors whereas AD subjects made 1% errors, especially “exophoric referent errors”, while doing the tasks. As for lexical ties, ADs produced more repetitions (17%) than NAs (10%).Conclusion: The results reveal a significantly greater use of cohesion errors by AD subjects than NAs. The occurrence of cohesive errors alone isn’t a differential diagnosis of such a disease; however, such investigations could provide information for studies on neurological disorders and linguistic theories.

Introduction: Idiopathic infertility is the most common cause of infertility among the males who are usually treated empirically. Two new drugs used in empirical therapy are: Pentoxifylline and L- Carnitine. However, there is no comparison study about their effects. This study aims at comparing the therapeutic effects of Pentoxifylline and L- Carnitine in infertile male patients with Idiopathic Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 38 patients with Idiopathic Asthenospermia during the years of 1385-86 in Mashhad, Iran. In addition to filling out the questionnaire based on demographic data, Spermogram test and analysis were administered during a three- month period.Results: Nineteen male patients were treated with L-Carnitine in 3 months. In 5 cases, the wives (26.3%) got pregnant, but no significant difference was observed the spermogram parameters of the male subjects. On the other hand, in the group treated with Pentoxifylline, the wives of 10 subjects (52.6%) got pregnant and the analysis of the males’ spermograms after the medical therapy revealed significant difference in density parameters as follows: Motility (P=0.011); Spermotility (P=0.0001); Motility Index (P=0.0001).Conclusion: Pentoxifylline showed more promising results for the treatment of male idiopathic infertility.

Introduction: Spinal Analgesia with Opioids is the most effective way for reducing labor Pain. Sufentanil, a Lipophilic Opioid, has the pain-reducing power of 500-1000 times more than Morphine. This study intends to evaluate the effect of Sufentanil in reducing labor pain as well as its effect on normal delivery (ND) and new-born fetal during the process of spinal analgesia.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, randomized study of the type of single blinded control-trial design which was carried out on 100 pregnant women with ASA class 1&2 who were candidate for normal delivery. Using accessible method of sampling, criteria for including and excluding samples were established and ethic principles were observed. The participants were divided into two groups of 50 persons. One group (case) received spinal analgesia of 7.5 mcg Sufentanil while the second group (control) did not use any kind of Opioid drugs. The data gathered about Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, SPO2, cervix dilatation, effacement and fetal heart rate were recorded in a questionnaire. Pain rates were assessed with VAS. Spinal analgesia for the case group was done with spinal needle No: 27, labeled Dr j using paramedian approach based on sterilized condition. After the deliveries, an intern, under the supervision of a gynecologist, recorded the Apgar every one and every five minutes. Finally, conclusions were made by comparing the statistical results.Results: There weren’t any significant differences in age, weight, ASA and education between the two groups of the study. Also, the findings suggest no significant difference between the two groups in Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure, SPO2 and FHR Itching occurred in the upper chest and abdomen of the case group shortly after injecting spinal Sufentanil. However, it was over in 20-30 minutes. There was a significant difference in the rate of pain between the two groups. In the case group, 80% expressed mild pain while the control group reported 8% mild pain and 52% of severe pain. There weren’t any significant differences between the case and control groups in terms of duration of labor and cesarean section.Conclusion: Spinal analgesia with 7.5 mcg sufentanil provides appropriate analgesia without any considerable side effect for women who apply for ND.

Introduction: Cefixime is an antimicrobial agent which is prescribed by many physicians. This drug has widespread reaction against various pathogens, especially gram-negative organisms. Regarding the side effects of some of these antibiotics on rat reproductive system, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of Cefixime on pituitary-gonadal hormones, gonadotropins and the morphology of adult male mice.Materials and Methods: Eighteen male mice (ages: 12-16 weeks; weight: 35±5 grms). were divided to three groups, including control, sham and experience. The experience group received Cefixime (0.5 grm/kg) during 10 days while the sham group received Solvent Dimethyl Solfoxide (DMSO) (7 c.c/kg). At the end of the study, titre of hormones was measured by ratio using Immuno Assay (RIA) methods. The morphological criteria of testis (volume, length, weight) were measured, too.Results: The difference of FSH hormones between the control and experience groups was significant (P<0.05). Also, DHEA hormone differences between sham & experience groups was significant (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups of study in testis morphological assays and testostron.Conclusion: Regarding physiological role of sertoli cells during spermatogenesis, reduction of FSH hormone may effect on sperm production and reproductive potentials of male mice. Significant reduction of DHEA hormone between sham and experience groups may be due to probable mistakes or the effects of Solvent drugs, DMSO.

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations in Pediatrics. Nausea and Vomiting are common complications after the surgery which may cause some serious problems. We evaluated the effects of single dose intravenous Dexamethason on reducing post operative Nausea and Vomiting in 162 patients who referred to ENT department of Aria and Bahman 22nd Hospitals.Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized study with a double blind placebo-controlled design, the patients were compared for the possible effects of Dexamethason. General anesthesia was intravenously induced using sodium thiopental, atracurium and fentanyl followed by halothane, N2O and O2 for maintenance. Intravenous Dexamethason (0.5 mg/kg) was infused before the induction. The incidences of post operative Nausea and Vomiting as well as normal oral intake in the study group were compared with those in the saline group. The collected information was then analyzed by running a chi-square test, using SPSS. Results: The incidence of Nausea and Vomiting was significantly less frequent in the group who received Dexamethason, as compared with the saline group (P=0.039). Also, the case group started oral intake earlier than the control group. In addition, this study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the duration of surgery and recovery.Conclusion: According to our results, intravenous Dexamethason was effective on Nausea and Vomiting in patients after Adenotonsillectomy.

Introduction: 10 to 15 percent of the couples are infertile .In this respect, the use of assisted fertilization techniques is inevitable for those who do not respond to pharmacological treatments. Swim-up is one of those techniques that may improve the sperm quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of swim-up technique on the motion, density and morphology of sperm.Materials and Methods: This is an analytic- experimental study conducted on 345 semen samples of patients who referred to Navin Infertility Center for Intra Uterine Fertilization. The number, motility and morphology of sperm were evaluated both before and after administrating the technique of swim-up. The data were then analyzed using SPSS, version11. The statistical techniques of paired t-test, independent two sample T-test and ANOVA revealed the results.Results: The mean of sperm count decreased significantly after using the swim-up technique (48/14×106) versus before the swim up (55/92×106). As for the mean of sperm motility, it was estimated as 55/6% before administrating the technique of swim-up, which increased to 92/3% after the swim-up. The results indicate that swim up led to the improvement of sperm motility of grade A on a scale of 22/11±7/40 unit.Conclusion: After doing the swim-up technique, the normal morphology, motility and grading of sperm improve significantly.

Introduction: There are several methods for opioid detoxification, one of which is known as Ultra Rapid Detoxification. This method functions very fast and the patient does not have to experience any withdrawal symptoms. However, a variety of adverse events following the application of this method have been reported. In this article, we report three consecutive cases of the perforation of peptic ulcer after opioid detoxification. The patients had no history of peptic ulcer. Such cases have never been reported in literature, yet.