MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:13

Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking is associated with an increase in risk of peptic ulcer and Gastro-Intestinal cancer. Toxic materials in smoke and tar have a significant role in production of carcinogenic complexes, injury to DNA and cellular proliferation in gastric cancer. The study was designed to compare the rate of injury to DNA in gastric tissue of smoker and non-smoker patients with active peptic ulcer.Material and Methods: In this Case-Control study, the case group composed of 43 smoker patients aged 45.30 ± 13.16 with active peptic ulcer (14 female & 29 male) referred to gastroenterology clinic. The first control group consisted of 43 non-smokers without peptic ulcer (13 female & 30 male) with mean age of 42.67 ± 16.04, and the second control group included 43 smokers without peptic ulcer (16 female & 27 male) with mean age of 44.58 ± 12.07, and the third ones had 43 non-smoker patients with active peptic ulcer (20 female & 23 male) with mean age of 45.37 ± 13.39.The rate of gastric mucosa DNA damage in the four groups was measured by calorimetrically method.Results: The DNA damage in gastric mucosa of smoker patients with active peptic ulcer (28.05 ± 5.54 AP/100000bp) is higher than those of the three control groups (p<0.0001 in all case).Conclusion: Results of this study approve the direct relation between increase in DNA damage and toxic complexes existing in smoke and tar of cigarette.

Background and objectives: The importance of Nitric oxide (NO) and Asymmetric dimethyllargininie (ADMA) in pathophysiology of Sickle cell disease (SCD) is being increasingly clarified. Since very few of the studies have been conducted in the word and no study has been carried out in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province where is the main center of Sickle Cell disorder (SCD) in Iran, We decided to conduct the present study.Material and Methods: EDTA anticoagulated plasma samples were obtained from 35 healthy controls (Hb AA), 35 heterozygous (HB AS) and 35 homozygous (HB SS) sickle cell anemia patients. Plasma concentration of NO was measured by Colorimetric and Griess reaction and the concentration of ADMA by employing ELISA method. Then the results were analyzed by tstudent test and OneWay ANOVA.Results: There is a positive significance correlation between Hemoglobin (Hb) and NO in SS (r=0.703) and AS (r=0.366) groups. Also, a negative correlation between Hb and ADMA in SS (r=-0.786) and AS (r=-0.478) groups is seen. No correlation is found between these parameters in AA group.Conclusion: The prevention of Hb concentration decrease and prescription of NO donors and (or) ADMA disintegrators can be helpful for improving clinical signs of sickle cell patients.

Bachground and objectives: Eating fish reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC).Because of different factors, such as physiological conditions and kind of fish consumption, the findings can be different. We decided to investigate the reducing effect of regular fish eating on plasma lipids and lipoproteins of different groups.Material and Methods: the Subjects were 50 clients (control group) with normal Lipid and 50 ones with high Lipid (case group). The subjects, with different sex and age, were asked about smocking, heart disease and diabetes.Fast blood samples were collected and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C and VLDL), TG, HDLC, apolipoprotein A and B.Results: The data shows a significant difference in cholesterol, LDL, apoA and VLDL levels in moderate and high consumers. (P<0.005). In subjects with high LDL, the kind of fish consumption was stir- fried (0.96%) and grilled and boiled (7.4%). The Subjects with high-fish consumption is 32.2% for normal LDL Level and Just 1.1% for ab normal Level. There is no significant effect on HDL and apoB levels due to fish intake in any dosage.The relation is seen between abnormal lipid and rare fish consumption.Conclusion: Present study shows the reducing effect of fish consumption on cholesterol level and LDL-C. More studies are needed to be conducted to evaluate the type of faty acids in fishes..

Background and objectives: Mass media and the press present documentary reports of taking illegal energetic drugs by athletes who are tempted to enhance their performance. The present study aims at determinrg the effect of two illegal drugs on the athletes, blood factors.Material and Methods: The participants are 20 volunteer athletes selected unrandomly, 10 as a control and 10 as an experimental group. First, their blood samples were obtained from the medial cubital vein of left hand and then they were subjected to body building exercises for six weeks. The control group did not take any drugs while, the experimental one took oxymetholone steroids and methandrostenolone orally, based on pre – determined schedule during the exercises. During this period, Venipuncture was carried out for five times and the effects of drug on the blood factors were investigated. Finally, we analyses the findings by statistical Tests.Results: The results show that the levels of HCT (51.1 % vs.46%), Hb (16.6 g/dl vs.15.6g/dl) and Reticuloeyte (0.9% vs.0.5%) are increased significantly (P<0.05). there is no meaningful differences in the other blood factors such a WBC, MCV, MCHC an MCH.Conclusion: Based on this, findings, taking oxymetholone and methandrostenolone, which have prominent effects on the body functions, result in major changes in some blood factors such Hb, Hct and Retic.

Background and objectives: After respiratory infection, Diarrhea is the second cause of mortality.Yersinia enterocolitica is the second important cause of infectious diarrhea in children of some countries. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of Yersinia entocolitica of diarrheal specimens in Gorgan, Iran.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross - sectional Study was carried out on diarrheal stools of 455 patients referred to medical centers and laboratory of Gorgan in 2004-2005. DNA extraction using phenol chloroform was performed for all samples. Using two specific primers (genus-specific16s rRNAand ail - specific species genus of Yersinia enterocolitica), we did PCR sample.Results: Yersinia genome was identified in 12 patients (2.63%) and 11 of them wasYersinia enterocolitica. The frequency infection in of girls (3%) was more than boys (2.4%), and the prevalence in winter (4%) was more them other seasons, and under one- year- group (3.4%) and 1-5 years (3.1%) is more than other age groups. It was not observed significant difference. (P>0.05).Conclusion: The frequency of Yersinia in cases of diarrhea in Gorgan is similar to most regions of Iran and in children under 5 years is observed more in winter.

Background and objectives: Colonization of nasopharynx by Streptococcus Pneumoniaecan lead to pneumococcal disease. This study was performed to determine the carriage rate of nasopharyngeal S.  pneumoniae in adolescents and their antibiotic susceptibility and serotype prevalence in Zahedan, Iran Material and Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens were obtained from 865 adolescents aged 10-19 years old of eight schools in Zahedan and then assessed by standard procedures to isolateS.Pneumoniae. The serotyping was carried out by latex agglutination test, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, as well as other commonly used antibiotics, was determined by a broth-dilution method.Results: Pneumococci were Isolated from 15.7% [136/865, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.3-18.9] of total samples. Of 136 samples, 119 isolates are typified by the available antisera which the most frequent ones are 1, 19A, 15C, 9V, 11A and 19F. Ninthythree pneumococcal isolates are sensitive to penicillin. The MIC values of antibiotics tested are (mg/ml): penicillin 0.01-4, cefotaxime 0.01-4, ceftriaxone 0.02-128, chloramphenicol 0.08-32, ciprofloxacin 0.06-16, erythromycin 0.01-128, tetracycline 0.08-128 and vancomycin 0.02-1.Conclusion: A clear diversity is seen in the serotype distribution of the S. Pneumoniae isolates and most of the antibiotic resistant strains belonge to a few serotypes. Healthy adolescents in Zahedan commonly show pneumococcal carriage and antibiotic resistance.

Background and objectives: Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) syndrome is a common disorder, especially in children with beta thalassemia major. These patients are predisposed to heart diseases which are caused by hemochromatosis (Iron overload), resulting in sudden death. Because of the role of Helico bacter pylori in causing abdominal pain and peptic ulcer, and in increasing the risk or exacerbating of heart diseases, it can be important in beta thalassemia major. This study aimed at determining the frequency of anti-H.pylori class IgA in patients suffered from beta thalassemia major.Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic Study, 132 beta thalassemia major Patients and 135 healthy cases were matched by age, sex and ethnic as a control group. The sera were separated from clot in first Seroepidemiology and along with the filled questionnaires sent to Immunology-hematology Laboratory of paramedical school, in which the samples were tested by ELISA method with Diagnostic kit for anti-H.pylori IgA and IgG classes detection. We analyzed the Data by chi square and Independent T and Fisher tests.Results: the results show that the difference between the anti-H.pylori class IgA in case (22.7%) and control group (17.8%) is not significant (P=0.6), But it is significant between anti-H.pylori IgG class, 81.8% for cases and 54.8% for controls (P<0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results, the rate of anti-H.P IgA class in case is 1.131 times more than control group, which is not significant. On the other hand, the rate of anti-H.P IgG is 1.478 times more than control group which is significant.

Background and objectives: Beta-lactamase enzymes are the most causes of resistance to antibiotics among gram-negative bacteria. Nowadays, Infections due to ESBLs are being increased throughout the world and is considered as a new burden to the health systems. This study aimed at determining the sensitivity pattern ofE.coli isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics, and investigating the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes in the urine samples.Material and Methods: In this study, 244 E.coli isolates were screened in 2009-2010. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates were determined by disc-diffusion method. Antimicrobial agents tested were cefoxatime, ceftazidime, imipenem, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The combined disc test was used to confirm the results. The results were compared to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and ESBL positive isolates were further investigated for the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes by PCR.Results: Of 244 E. coli isolates, 116 (47.1%) are resistant to Ceftazidime, and 96 (39.2%) to cefoxatime. Also, 109 (44.3%) isolates are ESBL positive.blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes are found among 95 (87.1%), 75 (68.8%), and 77 (70.6%) ESBL positive isolates, respectively. Forty (36.6%) isolates have all three genes, while 68 (62.3%) include blaTEM and blaSHV genes.Moreover, 61 (55.9%) isolates carry blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, and 54 (49.5%) have blactx-M and blashv.Conclusion: Regarding the high frequency of resistance to the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics, precise antibiogram testing is highly recommended before any antibiotic prescription in cases of infections with ESBL producing microorganisms.

Background and objectives: some parasites especially Enterobius vermicularis and helminthes are the leading factor causing appendicitis. We did this study to determine the prevalence of infection with Enterobius vermicularis among excised appendices in Necoii hospital of Qom, Iran (2005-2006).Material and Methods: In this Cross-sectional Retrospective study, we referred to pathology district archive of Necoii hospital of Qom to collect the demographic data of 3420 appendectomy patients including gender, age and infection to Enterobius vermicularis. These patients had been undertaken appendectomy from March 2005 to March 2006. After confirm of infection, all patients demographic data and histopathological results were analyzed by using Chi-square test in SPSS version 11.5 software.Results: of 3420 appendices, 17 cases (0.5%) are infected with Enterobius Vermicularis. Thirteen of them (76.5%) are female and four (23.5%) male.also 15 of infected appendices (88.2%) don’t show any pathological changes and two cases (11.8%) have appendicitis. The highest infection rate is observed in 6-10 (41.1%) and 11-15 (35.3%) age groups.Conclusion: The results show that Enterobius vermicularis does not play a role in causing appendicitis, and its presence in excised appendix can not be a good reason for being the cause of appendicitis.

Background and Objectives: rapid, accurate and cost effective diagnosis of infectious and non infectious diseases is an essential step for treatment process. Nowadays, in Line with scientific progression in molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry which are based on biotechnology and genetic engineering aspects, new branch of medicine entitled molecular medicine is being derived. It can be helpful in three areas of diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. This new branch is going to identify further complexity of diseases and to present efficient solutions for growing health criteria. Therefore, updating and being familiar with the new procedures related to diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapy are necessary for our society.In this paper, we are trying to introduce NASBA technology which has a high potential, at genome level, in recognizing specific characteristic and unique genetic markers of microorganisms. This technology has numerous benefits for easy detection of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Furthermore, we review the methods of tuberculosis detection.