Research in Narrative Literature
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (26)|Papers Count:6

Grotesque is a style in art and literature, according to which two conflicting feelings of fear and laughter are simultaneously expressed to audiences. Today, this concept describes the distorted and strange world of contemporary humans, representing a familiar world of a odd perspective that makes it scary and ridiculous. Dissonance, extremism, exaggeration, abnormal, funny and scary, are the most prominent features that make a work of grotesque. Grotesque stories are divided into two categories: one; grotesque stories with laughter and fear content. Another, grotesque stories with horror, disgust and hatred. Grotesque has a wide range in Western literature, and is dramatically in the works of writers such as Franz Kafka, Samuel Beckett, Eugene Ionesco, Edgar Allen Poe, Franz Holler. . . Grostque stories also attracted the attention of some of the writers of Iranian fictional literature such as Sadegh Hedayat, Sadegh Chubak, Bahram Sadeghi and Gholam Hossein Sa'edi, it is possible to see the grotesque components in their works. In this research, with a comparative and analytical look, by exploring the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Eugene Ionesco, many instances of the features of the Grotesque were found, and it was realized that two authors deliberately described the Grotesque components, including comic elements and horror, inconsistency and anomalies in the creation of their works, and hence the works of these two writers can be considered as one of the Grotesque works.

Every literary work reflects the social and visual issues of the writer's age. Knowing these issues can be found in literary works based on sociology. The sociology of Literature sees literary work as a social phenomenon because the structure of the world of literary work reflects social realities or their symbolic expression. The present research is based on the views of sociologists, especially Goldman's ideas, on how to analyze “ Be Ki Salam Konam” . The results of this research show that Daneshvar is a realist writer who is familiar with the issues surrounding himself and the community. He focuses on the woman, points to his neglected status and rights, and criticizes her. She also criticizes the apparent religiosity, class discrimination, and poverty. Unfortunately, superstition and mistreatment are among the other issues raised in this story that express the psychological aspects of the story. In the area of the form, there are also important elements of the story that have been used in the context. Choosing the title and proper start is one of the methods of Daneshvar's storytelling. The characters who have been created and dealt with in this true story and the characters have been shaped by the theme of the story. The deconstructive narration of internal narrator and the external narrator show that the author used the narrative to present the governing structure of society. The author also showed the authoritarian atmosphere of her age by using the feminine tone, skill in plotting the story.

Dora Brooder is the author of the Patrick Modiano, a French writer of the contemporary age. In this work, Modiano narrates his life as accurately as possible, by clearly illustrating the situation of exiles during the war and seeking a young girl named Dora. He created a unique novel by reminding his past memories of the critical conditions of war and the occupation of France that relates to the present to the past. What makes this novel different from other works is his narration. Using descriptive-analytic method, the present paper analyzes Dora Broder novel from the structuralist, French critic, Gerard Genette, in terms of the function of narration and its temporal characteristics, in order to determine the role of the element of time in the formation of story narratives and the relationship between past and present in the process of events. For this purpose, after introducing the work, with the description and reliance on Genette narrative theories, time, discipline, continuity, frequency, novel are analyzed. Along with reviewing this topic, we will have a glimpse into the subject matter, style, and the method of the author's writing. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the function of time in the narration of the work. The most important finding of this research is that the element of time plays a significant role in narration, and the author relies on time games and reviewing his past memories to connect them to the present time in the artistic way.

One of the best and most precise methods for classifying and analyzing the structure and format of stories is the Propp’ s morphology pattern. Propp studies the Russian fairy tales, concluded that despite the variety and plurality of these stories, they had a kind of unity and similarity. In the prsent essay, three stories entitled: “ Tales of Taghdir, Tamati va Tiztan” from the Book of Myths of the Iranian People by Ali Ashraf Darvishian have been examined with an analytical-descriptive approach based on the morphological model, in order to ascertain how these stories are compared synopsis, the movement of stories, and ultimate authority, the degree of conformity that they will represent by the pattern of Propp and the general structure of these stories and rules governing them will be specified. The results of the studies show that, firstly, the Propp's pattern is applicable to the selected stories from the Myths of the Iranian People. Also, twenty eight ultimate authority of Propp’ s model out of thirty one cases are compared, with the difference that the components of the stories have been reduced and new foundations have been found in each function. In addition, in the explored stories, the movements follow directly to each other, but “ Tiztan” story begins with two movements that have the same ending.

The discourse analysis is a change in the structure of interdisciplinary criticism. It’ s flagship, with its structuralistic attitude, is trying to reveal the hidden angles of texts. The purpose of the model is to redefine the power and ideology that reveals in the production of every text. By relying on the triangular stages of Fairclough, we can achieve the effective social factors in the creation of the author's worldview; the components that have been named as the assumption for the production of the text, on this basis, the author of “ Al Foghara” story has set wealth as the main axis. He describes the syntactic and effective structure of the story as a means of identifying the worldly governing of the people, that is wealth. The present study seeks to refute the latent ideology in the syntactic structure derived from the author's thoughts. Accordingly, the organization of the story not only indicates the lack of freedom of individuals in the community, but also represents the wealth as a hidden power, it does not mislead any creature.

Sheikh Bahai's Mice and Cat is one of the mystery and allegorical stories that have the features of storytelling, and the author blames the Sufis of his age. This work, which is a collection of 34 stories and narrations is labyrinth, mysterious narration of ethical and religious themes, it has a special and significant storyline. This research seeks to first examine the elements of narration in these stories such as: theme, plot (plot), time and place, act, subject, character, to answer the question of how is the use of narrative elements in this collection and what story factors have influenced the validity of these stories. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on documentary and library studies. The overall results are that although the narrations with a omniscient point of view of the narrations have one to ten personalities, but the causal and effective relationships in all of the anecdotes are ideally have been considered, most of the main human and animal characters, allegorical and dynamic, and subordinate characters are static allegorical, who have been analyzed in 21 social types, 53 abnormalities in proportional tones, in religious-religious, political-spiritual themes, social, ethical and artistic subjects.