The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:43 |Papers Count:10

Ethics is an important issue in accounting and to organize it, devising a model consistent with Islamic and cultural conditions in Iran is essential. This study aims to test and examine the importance of the elements of the "practical model of sustainable development of accounting professional ethics" which has been presented by Namazi et al. (2017). The current study is a kind of quantitative research. The data required for testing the model has been obtained through collecting the questionnaires and simple random sampling of 217 academic and professional accountants activists in the country. Also, the confirmatory factor analysis using Lisrel Software was applied. The results showed that all factors of sustainable development model of accounting, including individual, social, economic-organizational, and environmental factors have a compatible fitness, that in this regard, social, individual, economic-organizational and environmental factors have the greatest fitness, respectively. In addition, examining the load factor of the individual`s characteristics showed that first "moderation" and then "general factors" are involved in this regard. In social characteristics, load factor belongs to individual factors, social responsibility and interaction, respectively. In measuring economic-organizational characteristics, factors of competence, honesty, observing principles and professional standards, public traits, and professional and organizational have the highest load factor, respectively. Moreover, the findings indicate that, in addition to economic-organizational factors, other factors such as individual, social and environmental factors of sustainable development are effective in accounting professional ethics. These factors demonstrate interactive and mutual relations in a way that social factors are the most important elements of the model and "avoidance of abuse of the properties and the information of the organization", which is considered as the honesty factor of the economic-organizational factors, partly indicate the greatest loading factor.

Transparency in human relationship, teamwork, legal and lawsuit, social capacities, opportunities equivalence at the society and at last social justice can be promoted by Civil liberties. Accounting as a profession has affected by social, economic and political environment, which can create changes in accounting. Research aim to survey of several civil liberties indexes as expression freedom, freedom of organizations and parties, law governance and personal freedom on accounting development in Iran. Questionnaire used for collecting of research data and Assumptions tested under factor analyses, pathway and structural equation modeling. research result indicate that there is a significant relationship between civil liberties indexes and accounting development in Iran and the main Load factors in order of importance are expression freedom, law governance, freedom of organizations and parties and personal freedoms.

Financial flexibility as a bridge between theory and financing and the determination of corporate capital structure (the most important determinant factor), their ability to provide financial resources to respond appropriately to events and unforeseen events, to maximize the value of the corporate. The main objective of the research is to provide a model for the financial flexibility of the corporates accepted in the Tehran Securities Exchange (according to the environmental conditions of the corporates). According to the purpose of the research, exploratory research and compilation of questionnaires based on the above studies, experts' opinions The finance includes academic scholars and investors in the Delphi methodology to gain insight into their views, validate the theoretical framework, and identify the dimensions, components, indicators and determinants of corporate financial flexibility. In the first part of the study, with the consensus of experts and using the mean statistical variables, CFA approved the Kendal coordination approach to present a proposed financial flexibility model appropriate to the conditions of the corporates accepted in Tehran Securities Exchange. According to the consensus of the polls, the above model has a two-dimensional "internal financial flexibility" and "external financial flexibility" and one of the main components of "debt capacity", "cash holdings" and "capital market size". Each of the components can be calculated and measured by several determinants and determinants. From the experts' point of view, a total of 16 indicators were used to calculate and15 key determinants were used to measure the components. In the second part of the research, after presenting the proposed model of the consensus of experts, the study of the financial flexibility of the corporates accepted in the Tehran Securities Exchange and the results of testing the models of the three components, using multivariate regression and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the effect of the four factor on cash holding (eight factors of consensus among experts) and the three factor on the component of debt capacity (the seven factors were consensus experts) were determined. Also, the nature of equity liquidity indices (five indicators of consensus among experts) and their coefficients in the model, show low stock liquidity and, consequently, the lack of reliance on firms to the capital market size has financial flexibility.

Today, ethics in accounting is a worthwhile study because the accounting profession is not alien to ethical crises. Research variables include individual ethics with 7 dimensions as independent variables and the quality of accounting information as a dependent variable, and the company's size and financial leverage as moderating variables. In this research, the modified Jones model has been used to measure the independent variable of accounting ethics approaches from the standard multi-dimensional ethics scale questionnaire and to measure the quality of accounting information. The statistical population consisted of 398 active companies in the stock exchange, of which 85 qualified companies were selected as samples. Finally, 198 questionnaires were considered for the analysis of the ethics section. The hypothesis test results show the effect of individual ethics The ethical variable directly affects the quality of accounting information. By entering the company size moderator variable, The overall result is that in smaller companies, ethical implications for the quality of accounting information are positive and as the company grows, this positive relationship is diminished. Also, in the case of the financial leverage modifier variable, the result was that in lower-margin companies, the effect of ethical implications on the quality of accounting information was positive, and this positive relationship diminished as corporate leverage increased.

Audit risk means the risk probability of the auditor in unprofessional assessment and analysis of financial statements that contain significant mistakes, falsification and misleading information. One of the fundamental task of an auditor is judging the risk level and trying to control it.، The main purpose of this study is to develop developing using fundamental features and characteristics of each companies or corporation. For this purpose, we use important criteria such as: deviations from standards and rules, asset structure, financial structure, and corporate governance structure. This research is conducted on 87 selected companies, in the period of 11 years from 2006 to 2017 (i. e. 957 year – company in total) using descriptive-correlation method and multivariate regression model. Then we planned for paired and Analytical Hierarchy Priority (AHP) questions in order to determining the audit risk. After that we performed an exploratory factor analysis to determine the impact in terms of assets and financial structure. The research findings indicate that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the corporate governance structures including the independence of the board of directors with audit risk, and between the structure of assets, including the ratio of inventories and non-current assets to assets, liabilities and equity. Furthermore, the research showed that there is no significant relationship between financial structures (including the average ratio of liabilities, current liabilities, payable taxes, payable dividends and short-term financing facilities to equity) with the audit risk. As per this research, we concluded that the corporate governance structure and financial statements can provide useful information for auditors in order for appropriate decision making in overall risk assessment.

Earnings management models are designed according to economical and environmental conditions of each country. The purpose of this research is to design a suitable model for Tehran Stock Exchange, test it for bankrupt firms and Compare it with the Jones modified model. in order to achieve this purpose, we use cross sectional regression and software R to factor analyses all the variables affecting accruals. since it becomes clear which variables have the most impact on accruals. the method has been trial and error. The explained model is originated from factor analysis. the model has been compared with the Jones modified model in two forms. A) Comparison based on statistical indicators, indicated that the explained model was better than the Jones modified model. B) Comparison to identify earning management before and after bankruptcy. The explained model showed us that 32 firms out of 37, had more earning management before bankruptcy, while the Jones modified model identified only 24 firms. also this model was tested for the top firms of Tehran Stock Exchange. the results showed that the top firms have less earning management than bankrupt firms.

Decision-making to determine the amount of corporate cash reserves is one of the most important issues in the financing literature. The major advantage of holding cash in inefficient capital markets is increasing the ability of the company to take advantage of valuable investment opportunities and avoiding high cost of financing outside the company, on the other hand maintaining high levels of cash for the company brings opportunity costs. This study examines the effect of earnings quality on the level of cash holdings with emphasis on the moderating role of managers' ability. Accordingly, the data of 165 companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange between 1391 and 1396 were selected as a sample of research. The statistical method of this study is multivariate regression. To test the research hypotheses, the panel data model and generalized least squares (GLS) method have been used. This post-event study was conducted based on the analysis of observed data. Findings indicate that earnings quality has an impact on the level of cash holdings. Also, managers' ability to influence the relationship between earnings quality and cash holdings is affected.

The main goal of this research was to investigate the capability of past style return in predicting future return in comparison with past return. To achieve this goal, based on the book-to-market value and the company size, 150 companies data listed in Tehran Stock exchange in period from 1384 to 1393 were used in the study. In this relation style return and stock return were independent variable and (1, 3, 6, 12) future month stock returns was dependent variable. After controlling size, book-to-market value by using two stage Fama and Mack Beth Regression (1973) the data were analyzed. The result of the study indicated that the past 6 month style return can predict future return (1, 3and 6) better than past 6 month return. Furthermore there was a significant relationship between the past 6 and 12 month style return and future month return (1, 3, 6, and 12). On the other hand, the ability to predict the future return by 12 past month style return was better than 6 past month return.

Corporate Internet Quality Reporting is an important source of information, which potentially other accounting reports published On the capital markets to complement and enhance the information content of stock market value. Considering the importance of the information content market value of equity And since the number of companies using online financial reporting is increasing in Iran And the applicant and the various stakeholders need to search for information via the Internet is increasing, This research The Impact Of The Corporate Internet Quality Reporting And Characters Firm On Value Relevance Market Value Of Equity In Tehran Stock Exchange Using data from 175 companies. Test hypotheses using multiple regression and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) took place; The results showed that meets the Olsen (1995), earnings per share and book value of online information content and quality of financial reporting increases in the market value of equity to be content. Also, companies that have greater financial reporting quality online content by firm size and profitability increase But leverage the information content reduces it. In addition, the Company has no significant relationship between audit quality and information content market value of equity was not found.

The main objective of this study is to review the impact of of Environmental Complexity and Uncertainty on Management Earnings Forecast Accuracy with Audit Quality as a Mediator Variable in Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this goal, 102 companies as sample was selected. From Panel Data Approach was used for examining hypothesis. The research results show that Environmental Complexity and Uncertainty has a negative and significant effect on Management Earnings Forecast Accuracy and has a negative and significant effect on audit quality. Also, the research result show audit quality has a mediating effect on relationship between of Environmental Complexity and Uncertainty and Management Earnings Forecast Accuracy.