The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:16|Papers Count:8

Firms' performance measurement is important criteria to allocate compensation to board of directors. The main goal of this paper is to review the relationship between CEO compensation and EVA as a measure of performance measurement in Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore firms CEO compensations data for a 16 years period (1374-1389) were selected and entered the models as dependent variable. The simple regression model is used to examine the hypotheses. Signification of the models is examined by t and F statistics. The conclusions indicate that there isn't any significant relationship between CEO compensation and EVA.

Precise inherent risk assessment is one of important steps for audit risk assessment level by independent auditors that causes to increasing detection risk in an audit and presenting correct audit opinion in risk based audit. The audit risk assessment can affect audit planning, audit strategies as well as final results. Auditing standards propose inherent risk assessment into two levels of overall financial statements and detailed way of account balances. However, the basic question is when assessing inherent risk, to auditors these two levels are independent or not? Since this relation influences directly on inherent risk assessment of auditee by auditors and finally it will affects detection risk assessment.In order to this, this research investigates the relationship of two levels of inherent risk. The statistical sample of the research consists of auditors of Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants (IACPA) who were selected randomly and by questionnaire instrument researcher measured the significance of each affecting factor on the levels of inherent risk.Research results indicate that there is positive correlation between elements affecting on inherent levels. However, this correlation is rather weak, there is significant difference between affecting factors on these two levels of inherent risk from auditors' view point. In the mean time, in Iranian professional environment, auditors prefer account remaining sum level to financial statements level for assessing inherent risk. The results can help independent auditors recognize affecting factors on inherent risk in both levels and pay attention to the relationship between these factors in Iranian audit environment.

The main goal of the firms is shareholder wealth maximization. Investors, creditors and managers attempt timely and reliable index to measure the wealth of shareholders. Performance measurement is an effective factor on shareholder wealth maximization. Firm's Performance measurement to ensure efficient allocation of limited resources is vital And if appropriate measure of performance and shareholder value is not used the firm did not move into real value and allocating capital is not done correctly In this study, explanatory power by 2 performance measurement (Economic Value Added (EVA), Net Operating Profits After Taxes (NOPAT)) on the company’s listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE (has been studied. In order to do the studies, 51 listed Tehran Stock Exchange. Companies during the 1999-2010 were chosen. For testing hypothesis, the simple liner regression & Voung Z-test are used.Results indicate that EVA has equal explanatory power with NOPAT for Market Value. The results of research show that in Automotive, Medicinal and Petrochemical industries; NOPAT has more explanatory power on the Company's Market Value than EVA.

This research is a descriptive -survey study that performed in order to effect analyze of paragraph contents resulting from audit reports disagreement on improving the quality of financial report through management point of view. This research through questionnaires and using nonparametric test, and x2 test to study the sociology sample of statistics. the result of this research shows that the attention of businesses unit management to respect the standards of financial accounting applying the necessary internal controls strongly and also providing the appropriate financial reports from a comprehensive accounting system (in accordance with accepted accounting principles) lead to improve the quality of financial report.

One of the challenges and problems of traditional accounting systems is that financial statements and reports of corporations do not disclose value of intellectual properties. Though the role of intellectual properties in creating value added to organization is so much more than other assets, but they are not presented in such statements. So, accountants and accounting systems have a very important role for finding an effective ways for measuring and controlling intellectual capital by presenting new models and assessments methods.This research studies the factors affecting the intellectual capital in companies which are listed in Tehran stock exchange. This essay examines these factors through four hypotheses. Our society is all accepted companies in TSE which have presented their financial statements in 2009. Independent factors in this essay are assets, gross profit rate, ratio of shareholders equity and company establishment date. Meanwhile, intellectual capital factors are considered as dependent factors.The findings of testing hypotheses show that total amount of assets and gross profit rate have a positive effect in showing intellectual capital, but company age and ratio of shareholders have no effect for presenting intellectual capital. At last we got that effect of gross profit is more than effect of total amount of assets.

Valuation is assumed as the common aspect of all financial activities. This plays the main role in optimum allocating of capital. Valuation of enterprises is the most important and also the most complicated economic concepts in all countries so that in advanced countries with advanced capital markets, value of enterprises is specified through investment banks, investment consultants and specialized standards for each industry.In our country, by communicating general politics of the article 44 of law by the leader Mr. Khamenei and the importance of valuation to execute his orders and regarding to the problems in last year’s in valuation of the enterprises which are made by the organizations trying to make the enterprises private, this has become a substantial subject. In this research which is deductive-inductive, we are inspecting the value of adopted enterprises in Tehran stock exchanges by using actual cash flow and comparing it with market value through analyzing the regression. There are two hypotheses given to investigate this subject, that to investigate it in years 1382-1387, 60 enterprises are selected as sample which are divided in to 3 groups; enterprises with 5 year information (39 enterprises), enterprises with 4 year information (49 enterprises) and enterprises with 3 year information (48 enterprises) related to cash flows, and value of enterprise is calculated by using actual capital cash flows and it is compared with market value of enterprise. In fact, in this research well known statement in finance textbooks about equality of enterprise value with Present Value of Future cash flow is being challenged.

The aim of this research is study about the different effects of firm size and Industry on firm profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1385 to 1389. The natural logarithm of book value of assets is used as an indicator to measure firm size. Also, the type of industry, the separation of industries with high fixed costs and low on the stock exceeds the number of industries that were concentrated in the categories above. Furthermore profitability is calculated based on three indicators (net operating assets, return on net operating assets and return on operating assets.) the Results of hypothesis tests indicates that there is no significant relationship between high fixed costs and profitability of large companies in various industries. there is no significant relationship between low fixed costs and profitability of small companies in various industries. there is no significant relationship between operating liability leverage and profitability indicators (return on net operating assets and return on operating assets) of small and large companies in industries with low fixed costs (chemical products, cement, lime and gypsum, basic metals and other non metallic mineral products). there is a significant negative relationship between operating liability leverage and two profitability indicators (return on net operating assets and return on operating assets) of small and large companies in industries with high fixed costs (Vehicle and parts manufacturing and Pharma). There is a significant positive relationship between operating liability leverage and return on common equity of small companies in industries with low fixed costs.

This study investigates the effect of capital and ownership structure on income smoothing. In this study, the discretionary accruals (income smoothing measure) have been measured by using the modified model of Jones (1995). By using the Tucker and Zarowin (TZ) measure firms separated in two groups, of higher and lower income smoothing category. The research sample consists of 60 firms listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1380 to 1387. The multiple and logistic regression models have been used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that there is a negative relationship between short-term debt to asset ratio and percentage of shares held by institutional investors with income smoothing and there is no relationship between long-term debt to asset ratio and ownership concentration with income smoothing.