Journal of Applied Biology
Year:2004 | Volume:16 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

The design of future weapons and missiles with high technology requires the use of explosives and propellants formulations having enhanced performance. The binders are one of the propellants ingredients. They are cross-linked polymers providing a matrix to bind the ingredients of propellants together. The current binders are hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) and hydroxy-terminated polyethers (HTPE). To improve the performance of a propellant, it"s energy must be increased. One approach to increase the energy is replacement of inert binders with energetic binders (bindrs with energetic functional groups such as azido and nitro). That"s why in the recent years new binders like glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), poly(3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxtane) (polyNIMMO) and poly(glycidyl nitrate) (polyGLYN) are introduced and they have been used in the different propellants. One of the most important application of these binders is in the propellants of space missile. Other energetic binders which have been described include fluoropolymers, polyvinylnitrates, polynitroaromatics, N, N-bonded epoxy functional polymers and nitrated polybutadienes like NHTPB. In this paper, the preparation of monomers, polymerization process, properties of binders and some applications of them have been considered.

Effects of imidazole, pyridine and a pure σ- donor on the oxidation of tetralin with NaI04 catalyzed by 5, 10, 15, 20- teraphenylporphyrinatomanganese(III) acetate, Mn(TPP)OAc, catalyst in CH2Cl2-H2O solvent system were studied. It was revealed that coordination of nitrogen donors to the catalyst caused an increase in the oxidation rate of tetralin. Quinuclidine, as a pure σ - donor, slightly affected the efficiency of the oxidation system. While, π- donors clearly enhanced oxygenation of tetralin. This study showed that influences of π-donation of imidazole and pyridine are more important than their σ - donor abilities in the oxygenation oftetralin, and directly affect the oxidation system.

Among 20 past year, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have been developed progressed in management and economic sciences, such that there are more than 2500 papers and books already. Data Envelopment Analysis is a proper approach to evaluate efficiency and no efficiency Decision Making Units (DMU), and have practical application in Banks, Hospital, University and so on. Sensitivity analysis is stated in two ways: 1) General Case: data for under evaluated and remained DMU"s, changes uniquely and simultaneously. 2) Second Case: the under evaluated DMU efficiency decreases where efficiency the other DMU"s" are increased. This case is called the worsen case scenario. Banking system as monetary sector of nation financial economy and because of rapid impact of its policies in the nation, they have effective role in stablishing and pertaining a sustainable growth of nation economy. In this paper we will discuss the second case and finally will give a practical application (efficiency and sensitivity analysis of Banking system) and its result.

Using of charged paliicles beams in high intensities can cause some damages in the under irradiated sal11ples. The situation is more acute when biological samples are irradiated for determination of their trace elements, because these materials have low thermal and electrical conductivity so high intensities may affect seriously their integrity and sometimes the accuracy of the analysis. In addition, in high densities of current, most of the energy deposited in the sample through the passage of the ion will appear In the form of heat, thus raising the temperature " of the analysed specimen. So analysts irradiate these samples under low intensities currents or in case of solid samples use thin targets. In this paper, we have surveyed effects of unfocused charged particles beam (like protons in 2 MeV) on some thin standard targets, specially in point of view elemental loss in low intensities (about nA currents).

Communication is required for urbanism and development. In this respect, urban trips play an undeniable role. But as urban trips develop, it environmental, noise, and psychological pollutions are the most important. Therefore the planners should consider monitoring the traffic and difficulties caused by it along with smoothing traffic flow. Although the current shape of the cities, economical problems, and other restrictions made it impossible to perform most of the projects; health maintenance and comfort of the society and enhance the basis of it, is the most important responsibilities of the planners. Consequently in the process of control, managers always try to optimize the existing conditions of traffic. This paper not only explains what have been mentioned above by reasoning documentary in citizens daily life, but also introduces some cases of possible optimizing fields in order to facilitate urban transportation as it is used in the most cities of the country. In each case, we are intended to study the existing conditions, explain the ways of coring out the related subjects, and introduce some facilities as well as making managers and directors to become familiar with these subjects and investigates the possibility of their accomplishment in existing conditions.

Traveling Salesman Problem has numerous applications in sequencing and scheduling. Branch exchange heuristic is a quick algorithm which can result in a near optimal solution for symmetrical traveling salesman problem. In this paper an new method for selecting the branch is presented which saves the quality of solvings but results in a decrease of one- third in computational time compare with other branch exchange algorithms.