URBAN MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:8|Papers Count:8

Method of Research: Statistical population of this research are the residences of ten municipality regions of Karaj and the population size is 1732275 on the basis of the population and housing census which was held by Iran Statistics Center in 2006. The sampling method was stratified random sampling and the minimum size of the sample is n=384 samples on the basis of the Krejcie-Morgan table. Eventually, by using library and field study methods, data was collected, processed and analyzed by using SPSS statistical analysis software and the relationships between these data were tested.Findings: Strong relationship between the score of the components of urban designing and score of committed crimes was found in this research. In addition, improving the indicators of these components has ended up in the reduction of the rate of committed crimes. As a result, the social security was improved which shows that there is direct relationships between these components and the rate of social security, so that by the improvement of the components, the rate of social security is improved as well and the whole four hypotheses of the research were verified.Conclusion: As the hypotheses of the research were verified, it seems that the indicators of components of urban designing have a critical role in the rate of social security according to the citizens’ opinions. Hence, improving the indicators of urban designing based on the priority of the strength of the relationships between the different components of urban designing and the rate of social security can decrease the fields of criminal actions in society and increase the rate of social security.

This research has been carried out to study the relationship between effectiveness of education and entrepreneurship development.Effectiveness of education defines as the scale of achieving determined goals.Dimensions of effectiveness are reaction; behavior results entrepreneurship development provides favorable conditions to enterprise independent business and start entrepreneurship as well as necessary bases for growth and survival of entrepreneur. Dimensions of it are self- steam, creativity, risk-taking, need for independence, need for achievement, compatibility with the position and locus of control.The type of this research is Descriptive- survey. Statistical community includes 201 managers of entrepreneur firms which 97 were selected on Stratified Random Sampling. Data were collected by researcher - made effectiveness of education questionnaire and entrepreneurship development questionnaire was extracted from reliable ones. Data analysis was carried out by using Pearson correlation by program packages SPSS. Results show that, there is statistical significant relation between effectiveness of education and entrepreneurship development.

One of the most important challenges facing municipalities as a key element in urban management is how to organize relationship with administrative and operational organization that located in a city.Local integrated management implemented just in a case of creating and adjusting a relationship between municipality and other organization as well as local and national division of works. Although the history of municipality-oriented urban management system exceeded more than 100 years, but because of deficiency in political and institutional structure’s and also reliance on oil revenues Couse to institutionalizing the concentrated system in managing of countries affairs.. this situation seriously in conflict with urban sustainability and good governance principles.Urban management in Tehran from starting point of forming of councils till now has taken a community-based approach because of relationship with social structure’s and also perception of daily exceeding socio cultural, economic and environmental problems. Apart from greatly exaggerated out comes, we could see this change in attitude in accepting of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) in municipality oriented urban management that is in compliance with the global situation and going ahead toward good governance pattern.This study in addition to assessment of the context of this attitude change in urban management try to analysis challenges facing to the political and structural arena in Tehran. Methodology in this article is analytical and the needed data gathered by documentary methods.The results of study shows that the most important necessity to achieve the optimized and defined situation in urban management is to review in inter and intra organization relationship in municipality of Tehran in compliance with CSR.

Water is as a valuable material that is limited and is used for economic sections such as production, infrastructure and services. Urban water distribution network and healthy sewerage system like many other utilities, traditionally was the duties of government. But current experiments show that provision of utilities needed wasn't according to expectations. In law of amendment of article of fourth plan of government development, privatization has been chosen as a solution for solving these problems.What are obstacles of privatization of water and wastewater companies (Tehran)? To know obstacles, some descriptive research with applicatory aim was done. In first questionnaire, 39 experts' opinions were taken about (Tehran) water and wastewater industry section which were faculty member of water and sewage department of university in water and electricity industry, and in second questionnaire 15 persons' opinions was taken.The result of research according to current hypothesis is that there are structural, economic, social and cultural, legal, and political obstacles in privatization of water and sewage companies especially in Tehran to private sector. By using dematel and fuzzy logy, economic, “social and cultural” obstacles as effective and other “legal”, “structural” and “political” obstacles are influenced by two former obstacles. So by decreasing economic, social and cultural obstacles because of affecting on other obstacles, changes in direction of decreasing legal, structural and political obstacles would happen.

Introduction: Housing and its problems is one of the most important concerns of Iran' s metropolitans. Residential and commercial land price is one of the economical factors affecting development of each region. It is axiomatic that residential units price is one of the most important influential factors on their demand & supply. Thus assessing the effective factors on land price is very important. Narmak region approximately fallows the real estate-land market regulation in Tehran. The unique attribute of this neighborhood is its unified characteristic caused by its small squares. Unified residency quality has caused to sameness of land and real estate price through the whole Narmak region which consequently leaded to equal absorption of investment across this region. Thus there is no high raised construction in this neighborhood. In this research we tried to assess the extent to which these factors are affecting the housing price in Narmak through Hedonic housing price estimation Method: Methodology of research is descriptive- analytical, and the method is OLS method and Lin-Lin function.Finding: Among effective factors on price, factors of population density; even-odd traffic policy; building age; and average units area had negative effect, and number of floors; residential and commercial units had the positive effect.Results: The coefficients of these factors are as bellow: Coefficient of floor is 37.25 commercial units 0.44, residential units 0.22, population are 0.2, traffic policy is 32.17, age is 1.17, and unit's average area is 0.13.

After America's country, China and Turkey, has a higher percentage of karst and karst structures more than % 11 of the country covered. Karst resources, primarily in the highlands are almost out of human pollution, so the water resources are very important.This study reviews the status of water resources management ize the city is the karst.This analysis - and with the description. Stnad Affairs of the field studies have been conducted. We also prepared several maps for analysis and spss software was used Gis.The results indicate that plain Izeh karstic phenomenon is an important karstic region of Iran. The total area of approximately 380 square kilometer basin Izeh is plain, of which 175 square kilometers and 205 square kilometers in altitude karstic forms. Its lowest point is abbandan and lakes Myangran. Ize the city is about 600 to 800 mm rainfall. The rainfall for the region's limestone formations in Karstic phenomena is sufficient. Much of the drinking water for residents of the city of Izeh drilling wells in limestone formations are limestone Asmari supply. There are limestone caves and springs of karstic karstic phenomena in the discharge of high quality and very good at making Asmari Izeh punctures in karst limestone region is an indication of the phenomenon. According to available information seems hard formations that this region has the potential to be a proper water management for optimum utilization of water resources can provide drinking water for city residents and the development of social and economic therefore is important.

Introduction: Urban green spaces are an important element in structure of cities. From these spaces can be named as the urban breathing lungs that they have various functions such as: City beautification, environmental modulators and leisure. Also green space is as important and valuable criterion due to environmental, social, cultural and economic functions. Now days are panned, regardless of urban natural potential that we are seeing their effects in our cities. Studding of natural –environmental criterion is one of the basic steps for planning of green space that is led to sustainable city.Method: This research is applied and the research method is analysis – descriptive.Also data collected is documents – field. Generally we use from quantitative and environmental criteria. Then by helping them, we considering 9 district of Mashhad City. Also we use GIS software.at finally we use SWOT technique with determine Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and was provided Operational strategies to improve the green space.Finding: Studies about potential and limitations of District 9 in Mashhad, showed That the special position and having the potential.This area of green space, the region is poor. This city officials may require attention and consideration.Results: In order to improve the green space in District 9 in Mashhad, structural reforms should be considered.So, this reform could further improve green space And reinforce good norms, to ensure sustainability of the environment And on the other hand, the green level of development through the cultivation Of grass to the tree (with respect to the issue of cost and water supply), the long term, needs to be green space area.

Introduction: Discussion about passive defense has a long history especially in construction of urban spaces as well as public buildings. Accuracy of this claim can be found in Initially of Islam wars and defensive measures such as digging ditches, making a fort. Now days is felt, that Should be improved in considerations of passive defense for reducing casualties of war due to advancement of technology and its impact on the development of WMD.A defensive consideration in urban development is most important because of Iran has strategic objectives and strategies such as: authoritarianism, Seeking glory, preservation of territorial integrity, political independence, pattern of local development and etc. Also considering to passive defense in countries especial in Iran due to their placement in the Middle East and having unique opportunities such as: geopolitical, geostrategic, geo-strategic geo-ideological on the other hand is important.Method: The research is, applied. Office buildings sensitive of Shahriar city is as studied characterizes to reduce damage from enemy attacks. Generally collocated data is library and has been used field studies.Finding: Findings indicated that due to proximity to the city of Shahriar in Tehran. In the event of war, the enemy is vulnerable to attacks And on the other hand, the administrative town of Shahriar with a concentration in one place more than 40 centers Contrary to the principles of Passive Defense And at least the vital centers of the town (the governor, etc.) are decentralized Results: At first in this study, was identified hazard zone in country also was determined building sensitive of shahriyar. So we can prevent financial and physical damages before occurrence of war where these damages are more than other parts of city.