Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2012 | Volume:25 | Issue:4 (93)|Papers Count:7

The aim of this study was to determine the principal reasons for condemnation of broiler poultry carcasses and its economic losses in Namin slaughter-house of iran from february 2008 to march 2009. In this period, 2741794 poultry were slaughtered which were 7662237 Kg live weight and 5560963 Kg eviscerated meat. From these, 20479 carcasses responsible for 0.74% of total slaughter with overall 33358.1 Kg were condemned for different causes that its economic losses were 79492 dollars. Condemnation of carcasses and its percent of total condemned slaughter including: tumors: 7 carcases (0.03%), unfit meat: 25 carcases (0.12%), toxicity: 573 carcases (2.80%), synovitis and arthritis: 1809 carcases (8.83%), CRD: 1953 carcases (9.53%), cachexia: 2557 carcases (12.48%), ascite and peritonit: 6680 carcases (32.61%) and septicemia: 6875 carcases (33.57%). The results of this study showed that condemnation of poultry carcasses and its economic losses in winter were higher than other seasons. Septicemia and ascite/ peritonit were the most common reasons for rejection of carcasses.

Bovine hypodermosis is a myiasis caused by larvae of Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum which are commonly known as grubs. As different insecticide pour-on treatments and SC Ivermectin, which must be in direct contact with larvae, are used in larvae controlling programs, therefore, determining the exact topography of the most probable regions of larval presence is of great importance and it could help using less treatments [compounds]. In the present study which was carried out in 9 months in Urmia slaughterhouse, a total of 4078 inspected carcasses, 225 (5.52 %) were shown to be infested with larvae (84.88% H. bovis and 15.12% H. lineatum). The highest infestation rate was seen in the traditional husbandry system which was totally 56.44% (95.27% H. bovis and 4.73% H. lineatum) on the left half of the body, 44% (85.85 % H. bovis and 14.15% H. lineatum) on the right half of the body. In animals with a 3-4 body condition (B.C.), the rate was 43.11% (90.72% H. bovis and 9.28% H. lineatum). In longissimus dorsi muscle, the rate was 55.5%. This study and studies like this seem to be a good help in devising control and treatment programs. Five percent of carcasses with Hypoderma larvae infestation means a low rate of infestation in Urmia. However, serious treatment and preventive measures must be taken against this disease.

John’s disease, is an important disease in cattle which the causative agent is Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. Economic losses, elimination of reactor cattle, high expenses of disease control and causing Crohn disease in human made the study of disease more important. Knowing the involved area, focal points of disease would be effective to prevent disease. There are several methods available to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis including: culture of fecal samples, culture tissue samples from abattoir or serological testing. This study was conducted to detect Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis and regional distribution of Johne’s disease in Urmia. In this study, a total number of 400 cows between 6 months to 5 year of age were tested using culture of fecal samples. Samples were cultured on Middle brook medium and colonies were appeared after 8 weeks. According to morphological appearance of colonies, acid- fast staining, comparison of colony with reference strain and specificity of medium it was distinguished that the isolated bacterium is Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. Out of 400 samples, culture results in 12% (n=48) were positive and others were negative.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synchronic use of multi-enzyme and probiotic on broilers performance. This factorial experimental was conducted in a randomized complete design and included 480 Ross broiler chicks (Strain 308) which were divided into 6 treatments and each treatment into 4 replicates and 20 chicks in each replicate. The wheat and barley based diet was constant for all treatments. Multi-enzyme is used in three levels (zero, half level and suggested level (500 gram)) and probiotic in two levels (zero and suggested level). At the end of experiment, all chicks are weighted. Then from each replicate 2 chicks were killed to measure carcass traits and characteristics of different parts of intestine. At the total of the experiment period (1-45 days), the results showed that the application of multi-enzyme (at suggested level) was caused further weight gain and improvement of feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in feed intake in application of only multi-enzyme or probiotic. Use of only probiotic and only multi-enzyme was decreased FCR in total period (P<0.05). Carcass percentage was increased significantly in use of enzyme, probiotic and synchronic use of them (P<0.05). Thigh and breast percent were not significant. Abdominal fat percent was decreased in use of synchronic enzyme and probiotic (P<0.05). Percentage of liver, duodenum and jejunum length declined significantly in use of only enzyme (p<0.05). Use of only enzyme or only probiotic was advisable for Improvement of FCR. But the use of synchronic enzyme and probiotic doesn’t have any additive effect on broiler performance.

Leptospirosis is one of the main causes of acute febrile illness and is presumed to be the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world. Cattle populations may be infected with serovars Hardjo, Pomona and Grippotyphosa. Infection with Icterohaemorrhagiae, Bratislava, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Australis, Sejroe, Canicola and Bataviae serovars also occurs. In this study, 200 serum samples were collected from calves of 2-8 months-age from Tehran suburbs farms during October 2009 and May 2010. Sera were tested for antibodies against 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans including: Hardjo, Pomona, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Ballum using standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and titers of ≥ 1/100 were considered to be positive. The results of this study showed that 58 (29%) of the calves were MAT positive, mainly to serovar Pomona. In October the most prevalent Leptospira serovar was Pomona and in May the most prevalent Leptospira serovar was Grippotyphosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of leptospiral antibodies in calves which did not show any clinical symptoms of leptospirosis and comparing two months in our study zone. It is concluded that the managers and veterinarians must pay more attention to the herd’s health because of biosecurity, specially in rainy months for preventing calves from becoming a source of continues infection in the herds.

An epidemiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate and significant cost benefit of various helminthes (Gastro-Intestinal) disease in cattle and buffalo population in two industrial husbandries in north and south provinces of Iran before and after treatment with Oxyclozanide. Results show out of 450 fecal samples examined. 205 (37.96%) were found infected with Oesophagostomum, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloide, Ostertagia, Fasciaola hepatica, F.gigantica and Haemonclus contortus. Oxyclozanide treated buffaloes and cattle showed a significant decrease in fecal egg counts on day 14 post –treatment. An average daily increase of 0.89 and 0.71 liters of milk along with 0.42 and 0.37% more fat per buffalo and cattle, respectively were observed in Oxycloznide medication. The economic value of reduced production of infected cattle and buffaloes were estimated 4100 and 4700 Rials per animal per day, respectively.

Due to manual feeding of grass carps in aquaculture, digestion problems in this specie are developing. Diagnosing and treating these diseases require a good knowledge of anatomy of digestive tract and its appendixes. The goal of this research is getting acquinted with different parts of grass carps’ digestive tract and their relationship. For this purpose, twenty grass carps were used. First the digestive tract’s anatomy was examined macrospically using loop. For measuring the diameter of different parts in digestive tracts, a digital caliper was used and the results were analyzed with SPSS 16 software and Pair sample T method. The results showed a distension at the end of esophagus which was called crop. Mucosal folds at the end of esophagus resembles a plexus and changed into linear form at the end. The intestine’s diameter decreases gradually to a certain point and then becomes steady. The mucosal folds of intestine are transverse and parallel and these folds were longitudinal at the cloac. There was no valve or sphincter in the digestive tract. Generally it can be concluded that the morphology of the digestive tract in carps has unique specifications and further studies are needed for a recognizing them.