Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2010 | Volume:23 | Issue:1 (86)|Papers Count:10

Processed or melted cheeses are producing in variation kinds because of variety in material blends. using ultrafiltered feta cheese and milk protein co-precipitate in this processed cheese is possible. also, creamy texture of this product is a good and cheaper competitor and substitute for ultra filtered feta cheese that because of creamy texture, more increased its prod. and consumption. Also because of using amount of milk protein co-precipitate, decreased its prod. cost and because of hot process, has long shelflife and formability for many of packaging methods. Using %25-30 protein co-precipitate with kinds of cheese can produce good product from view point texture, consistency, spreada bility and flavour that because of dry matter recovery in protein co-precipitate is more than %16 from rennet curd (fresh cheese) and ultra filtered cheese yield is %20 more than usually cheese yield, these samples are cheaper from usually commercial products. It is also because of using %5-15 very ripened cheese that because of high proteolysis is unsuitable for human direct consumption.

The present experiment was carried out to determine the effects of antibiotic growth promoters, blend of medicinal plants, prebiotic and organic acid on performance and nutrients apparent digestibility in a six week period, using one hundred ninety two one- day- old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) on a randomized complete block design experiment with six treatments consisting of 4 replications and 8 chicks per pen in cage condition. Experiment treatments were included: 1- Control (without growth promoters) 2- Antibiotic (15 ppm Virginiamycin ) 3- Blend of Medicinal Plants (450 ppm Digestarom) 4- Prebiotic (0.1 % Immunowall) 5- organic acid (0.2% blend of organic acid salts) 6- mixture treatment 4 and 5. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected by dietary treatments (p>0.05). However feed intake significantly were affected experimental groups. No significant differences in nutrients apparent digestibility compared with control were observed in starter and grower periods.

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of esterified glucomannan, sodium bentonite and humic acid, in counteracting the toxic effects of aflatoxin in experimentally contaminated diets (254ppbAF) fed to broiler chickens. 7-day-old male broiler chicks of similar weight were randomly assigned to one of the nine dietary treatments with four replicates of 12 chicks each. Chicks were grouped based on the following dietary treatments: 1) control; 2) experimentally contaminated diet; 3,4,5,6 and 7) experimentally contaminated diet supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%, humic acid respectively; 8 and 9) experimentally contaminated diet supplemented with 0.5% sodium bentonite and 0.1% esterified glucomannan, respectively. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Compared with the control, the experimentally contaminated diet significantly increased the activities of g-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase and feed consumption and resulted in poor feed efficiency. Increased relative weights of liver and decreased relative weights of bursa of fabricius were observed in chicks fed the experimentally contaminated diet. Further, feeding a contaminated diet was associated with significant decreases in serum albumin, total protein, uric acid and cholesterol. In this study, humic acid proved to be much more effective in the amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broilers than the sodium bentonite and esterified glucomannan.

e Iranian honeybee weak pointes. In this research after evaluation and selecting the best colonies during the 1999-2005 bred queens of sixth and seventh generation were compared, with control queens in different apiaries of Tehran, Isfahan, Markazi and Qazvin provinces. Comparison of 6th and 7th generation, of Iranian honeybee bred queens with control queens in Tehran, Qazvin, Markazi and Isfahan provinces were showed desire improvement in swarming calmness and defense behavior of bred queens. Swarming behavior evaluation of two groups in 2005 and 2006 were showed superiority of bred queens significantly (P<0.01). Calmness and defense behavior comparison of two groups were showed the bred queens were better than control queens in 2005 and 2006 (P<0.01). High heritability caused desire improvement of these traits in honeybee breeding plans and also in the present research in fifth and sixth generation of bred queens. Honey production comparison of two groups were showed the preference of bred queens in 2005 (P<0.05) but no significant differences in 2006 and total of years (P>0.05). Lower heritability of honey production and it’s dependence on environmental and climatic factors caused undesirable improvement of honey production in the breeding plans and the results of present plan to confirm the last results and needs to long time for desire progress. For sustainable and health production should try to improve the honey production and also other traits such as important pest and diseases resistance in honeybee breeding project continuing.

In order to study the anatomy and histology of the testis and epididymis of Caspian miniature horse, five adult stallions were used. Routine anatomical and histological methods were used. Anatomical study indicated that there were no differences between the testis and epididymis of the Caspian miniature horse with the ordinary horse, except with the smaller sizes. The epididymis is attached to the dorsal border of the testis. The tail of epididymis is attached to testis by a proper ligament of the testis and is also attached to parietal layer of tunica albuginae by the tail ligament of the epididymis. Histological study indicated that testis covered with tunica albuginae, its parenchyma contains Seminiferrous tubules, and its inter tubular spaces contain laydig cells. The testis mediastinum is restricted to head extremity of testis. The duct of epididymis is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with the role of absorption and secretion. The duct covers with a muscular coat, containing longitudinal and circular muscle fibers.  

In this research, 300 pairs of lymph nodes; prescapular, prefemoral and popliteal were collected from Lori -Bakhtiari sheep in Shahrekord abattoir. The specimens divided in two age groups (6-12 month and 13-18 months) and then length, width and thickness of them were recorded using by caliper. For histological studies, lymph nodes were processed through routine tissue preparation technique and stained with H&E method. By the use of special micrometry devices, the diameters of lymphatic nodules and their germinal centers were determined. Our data analysis (t-test) revealed that in all the lymph nodes, there were a significant differences(P<0.05) between thickness of left and right lymph nodes in two age groups and the mean thickness of left side were greater than the right side lymph nodes. The other parameters, such as length in prescpular lymph node, thickness in prefemoral lymph node and all of the parametrs in popliteal lymph nodes in age group 1-1.5 year were greater than 6 month to 1 year age group. Histometrical studies revealed that, in all of lymph nodes small diameter of lymphatic nodule with its germinal center in right side was more than left and in 1-1.5 year was significantly (P<0.05) greater than 6 month to 1 year.

Thirty pairs ovaries of camel from Isfahan abattoiry were collected. In each specimen, some parameters such as length, width and thickness of left and right ovaries were measured. For histological studies , after tissue preparation and staining with H&E, the ovarian follicles were recognized and classified. For each follicle some parameters such as: diameter of oocyte and follicle, thickness of layers were measured. At result, data between left and right ovary were analysed and were compare by t-test. The results showing that, mean length(37.19±3.45mm), width(30.12±2.52mm) and thickness(19.04±2.03) in right ovary was more than mean length(33.57±3.44), width(27.41±2.62) and thickness(15.5±1.97) in left ovary. There was no significant difference between dimensions of left and right ovaries. Microscopical studies revealed that, there was also no significant difference in diameter of primordial and primary follicles and its oocyte of left and right ovaries. However , the diameters of secondary follicle and its oocyte in right ovary (2546.75±93.75 mm) was more than left(2135.25±63 mm). There was significantly difference between diameter of scondary follicles in left and right ovaries. In graafian follicles, no significant difference detected between the right and left ovaries. There was no significant difference between dimensions of left and right ovaries in camel. Also diameter of secondary follicle and its oocyte in right ovary were more than left.

Equine influenza is an acute, infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease with worldwide distribution and high morbidity and low mortality. The disease caused by H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of genus (type) A of influenza virus. The most significant clinical signs of this disease are fever, coughing and nasal discharge. In this study, the presence of antibody against two subtypes of equine influenza virus was studied in 100 horses in Ahvaz region with HI test. Blood samples were collected from January to July 2005. Horses divided to two sexes and three age groups (less than 2 years, 2-10 years and more than 10 years old).The results of this study showed that only two stallion (8 and 16 years old) have had antibodies against subtype of H3N8.The antibody titer in these two cases were 1/64. It was suggested that antibody presence in these two horses due to infection of influenza virus, because the vaccination do not perform in this region.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of medicinal plants, prebiotic and probiotic as alternatives to antibiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and ileal digestibility of nutrients in broilers. A total of 288 one- day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments and 4 replicates with 12 chicks per each replicate in a completely randomize design for 6 weeks. Treatments include Diet 1 was a negative control containing no antibiotics or growth promoters (NC). Diet 2 was the positive control consisting of NC plus Virginiamycin (antibiotic). Diet 3 was NC and Digestarom (blend of medicinal plants). Diet 4 was NC to which Protexin (probiotic) was added. Diet 5 was NC plus Immunowall (prebiotic). Diet 6 was NC plus a combination of Immunowall and Protexin. The mortality rate and survival percentage were determined daily. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. Nutrients digestibility was determined in d 42. In order to evaluate Intestinal morphology, at d 38 day of age, one bird from each replicate was killed by cervical dislocation. Body weight gain, feed intake, mortality rate, nutrient digestibility and crypt depths of the duodenum and jejunum and villus height/crypt depth ratio of the three intestinal segment were unaffected by dietary supplementation of experimental treatments. Chicks supplemented with antibiotic had shorter villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum than birds fed probiotic and prebiotic. The results demonstrated that addition of the prebiotic to the feed as well as antibiotic had a significant effect on FCR at 42 days of age.  

Stillbirth is defined as a calf death just prior to, during, or within 24 to 48 h of parturition. The exact cause of calf death in dairy cows in this period of time is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate about the effective factors on stillbirth and also to estimate some of the genetic parameters in Iranian dairy Holsteins. Data in the first and second lactation that have been collected from 1998 to 2007 were analyzed separately and a threshold model was used to analyze every calving data. The effects of milk-2x, age at calving, herd-year-season of calving and also sex of calf on stillbirth rate were all statistically significant. Male calves showed significantly more stillbirth rate than female calves. The heritability’s for stillbirth in the first- and in the second lactation were estimated 0.025 and 0.01, respectively. After classification of first-and second lactation cows for milk yield levels and age at calving, the results showed that stillbirth was higher for cows with high milk yield potential and the older cows have more stillbirth than the younger ones.