Health and Development Journal
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background: One of the most important environmental challenges of many developing countries is the disposal of urban waste as a sustainable solution. This study aimed to determine the most suitable location for the landfill in Hamidiyeh County using the hierarchical analysis model (AHP) and (GIS). Methods: At first, 11 criteria were selected in three socioeconomic, hydrological, and geomorphological environments as effective criteria. Then the spatial data in the GIS software was transformed into new information layers. Each of the criteria and sub-criteria was weighted through the process of AHP according to the importance of them in locating the landfill. Results: The highest and the lowest weight belonged to socioeconomic criterion and the geomorphological criterion with a weight of 0. 594 and 0. 157, respectively. Finally, the appropriate location map was created for the landfill in four classes including completely appropriate, appropriate, inappropriate, and completely inappropriate. The results showed that 60% of the area was suitable for the landfill site. The site proposed for landfill based on the estimated land area for the next 20 years, was the C site located in the northwest with an area of 2505. 788 hectares. In general, C site was more suitable than other sites, and there was little risk for pollution of surface water and environment. It also had the lowest cost of transporting and depositing waste to the landfill, in compliance with the environmental conditions. Conclusion: The selected site should be considered by Hamidiyeh municipal waste management authorities to bury waste, concerning the unsuitable location of the current landfill site of the city.

Background: Today, physical activity as an important topic in physiology has attracted the attention of many researchers. The reaction time (simple, diagnostic and selective) which depends on the time of stimulation of sensory receptors, is an important factor in many movement functions. In this study, the authors attempted to evaluate the relation between physical activity and reaction time in adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 82 male administrative staff using simple random sampling. The Iranian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and a Reaction Timer were used to determine physical activity and reaction time, respectively. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 20 and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was a significant relation between reaction times and physical activity with age (P<0. 05), while there was no significant relation between selective reaction time and physical activity with work experience. Also, there was a significant correlation between simple reaction time and physical activity with body mass index (BMI) (P<0. 05), but no significant correlation was found between diagnostic and selective reaction time with BMI. Moreover, a significant relation was found between the types of reaction times and physical activity (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, by increased physical activity the reaction time decreases. So, for employees whose jobs require rapid reaction and high precision, increasing physical activity for reducing the reaction time, and ultimately improving the job performance is recommended.

Background: Motivation is an intrusive force that leads individuals physiologically and psychologically to pursue their goals to meet their needs and expectations. Considering the importance of motivation in the health sector, this study aimed to prioritize the effective factors on staff motivation in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study that was conducted in a cross-sectional fashion in 2016 on 222 staff members of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences who were selected by stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire comprised of 40 questions in 11 dimensions including salary, policy, occupational safety, environmental conditions, supervision and support, appreciation, job development, the nature of work, job responsibility, occupation, and communication was used to collect data. The TOPSIS and SPSS 21 software were used to analysze data. Results: There was a significant relation between education level and motivation, but there were no significant relations between age, employment status, and career path and motivation. Also, the results of ranking the options indicated that the communication option with (0. 74%) had the highest priority and the appreciation option with (0. 29%) had the least priority in motivational factors. Conclusion: Since communication in this study was the most important among the motivational factors of the employee staff, it is suggested that managers develop a sense of trust and friendship between management and employees through facilitating and expanding vertical communication in order to increase motivation among employee staff.

Background: Job satisfaction is an important variable in the area of organizational behavior. Job dissatisfaction leads to low-quality services provided in treatment centers by healthcare workers and ultimately leads to patients' dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the job satisfaction of medical staff and its related factors in Sabzevar hospitals. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 230 healthcare workers of educational hospitals of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2015 using simple random sampling. Data were collected using demographic and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. Job satisfaction was assessed in six areas and five levels. Using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson and Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Chisquare test) data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Abstract Results: The mean (SD) of the overall satisfaction score was 34. 88± 10. 2. The results in six areas showed that the lowest and highest job satisfaction were in financial facilities and welfare (14. 85%) and professional social status (54. 97%). There was a significant relation between gender and work experience and job satisfaction (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Given the low satisfaction of hospital staff, hospital managers must improve management and communication methods and optimize fair payment systems in order to improve the situation of hospital staff. Besides, considering demographic and job factors, they should periodically evaluate the personnel’ s satisfaction to determine the effectiveness of interventions.

Background: Quality of hospital services leads to increased patient satisfaction and ultimately improves hospital performance. This study aimed to review the quality of services in the hospitals of Iran. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in 2018. Articles related to assessing quality of services in hospitals were searched in seven electronic databases, until September 2018 and appraised. Finally, 15 articles were selected and analyzed using the Comprehensive MetaAnalysis software. Results: According to the random effect model, the overall average score of patients' perception and expectation of the quality of hospital care in Iran were 7. 19 (95% CI: 6. 63-7. 75) and 9. 53 (95% CI: 8. 99-10. 07), respectively. The overall average score of patients' expectation of the quality of hospital care was higher in central provinces and educational hospitals. The average perception and expectation of the quality of services score decrease with increased time (P=0. 0001) and increased with increase in sample size (P=0. 0001). Conclusion: Overall, the quality of hospital services was lower than patients' expectations. Therefore, health managers and policy-makers should take serious steps for identifying patients' expectation and their dissatisfaction and enhance the quality of hospital services using managerial strategies.

Background: Pomegranate supplement is one of the herbal supplements with healing properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training and pomegranate supplementation on lipid peroxidation and some adhesion molecules in obese women. Methods: In this randomised double-blind clinical trial, forty women with BMI greater than 30 kg/m Abstract 2 were randomly assigned into four groups of aerobic training, pomegranate, aerobic training + pomegranate, and placebo. Interventions were performed for 8 weeks. The exercise program included running on a treadmill with 65% of maximum heart rate for 16 minutes in the first week, which peaked at 30 minutes and 80% of the maximum heart rate in the eighth week. The groups received either a 200 mg supplement or a placebo daily for two months. Blood samples were collected from all subjects 24 hours before and 48 hours after the intervention to measure the variables. One-way ANOVA and paired t-test were used to compare the changes of variables in the four groups of study and at two blood sampling times (pre and post-test). Results: The results showed that MDA, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 significantly decreased in three intervention groups (training+pomegranates, pomegranates, and training) (P<0. 05). This decrease in the pomegranate+training group was significantly higher than the other two (pomegranates, and training) groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of aerobic training along with pomegranate supplementation may have a better effect on reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in preventing obesity-related diseases in obese women.

Background: Considering the important role of women along men in consuming a food product, the aim of the current study was studying women's and men's insight about barriers and solutions to increase the consumption of livestock-originated organic products in Kermanshah city. Methods: Using the Delphi method, 13 barriers and 15 solutions were extracted from answers given by animal husbandry specialists and were used for preparing the questionnaire. A total of 395 men and women in Kermanshah answered the questions and data were analyzed by Friedman’ s test using SPSS 15 software. Results: The least frequently used sources of information for men and women were television and the most frequent was written media (books, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet). In both groups, the most important challenge facing the development of organic animal food consumption was the high cost of these products and the least important challenge was their inappropriate form. But men's and women's views on ways to develop organic products consumption were not the same. For men, the most and least important factors in using organic livestock products were the creation of confidence in the organicity of these products and their internal and external marketing, respectively. On the other hand, women believed that price adjustment was the most important strategy and brand and logo development was the least important in promoting the consumption of such products. Conclusion: From the consumers' point of view, considering the economic, infrastructural and cultural indices can eliminate the barriers of consumption of organic products.

Background: Medical adherence is one of the most important behaviors in the care of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting cardiovascular patients’ adherence based on the Health Belief Model in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 420 cardiovascular patients admitted to Kerman University of Medical Sciences educating hospitals were chosen via convenience sampling, and data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model about factors effective on medical adherence. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test in SPSS software 21. Results: In this study, 40. 5% of participants had a low level of adherence. There were significant relations between health belief model constructs together, and between adherence with perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy (P<0. 001). The Health Belief Model predicted 33. 7% of the variance in medical adherence (P<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study the health belief model can be used in planning and intervening to improve medical adherence in cardiovascular patients. Developing an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model is suggested for enhancing medical adherence among patients.