Health Education and Health Promotion
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Introduction Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a worldwide disease increasing in many developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive behaviors of early childhood caries among mothers referring to comprehensive health service centers in Ahvaz. Instruments & Methods This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed among 318 mothers with infants from 6 months to one-year-old in 2020. The method of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability and validity were confirmed. It included demographic information and questions about measuring awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, and performance in early childhood caries’ preventive behaviors among mothers referring to comprehensive health service centers in Ahvaz. The data were analyzed by statistical tests such as ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS statistical software. Findings The results showed that the mean scores of mothers’ awareness were 6. 23± 1. 86, the attitude was 38. 48± 4. 85, self-efficacy was 20. 91± 3. 14, and performance was 5. 53± 2. 19. There was a significant correlation between awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, and performance. There was also a significant relationship between parents’ awareness and education and the mother’ s job (p<0. 05). Conclusion The mothers’ awareness and performance are at a moderate level. Therefore, in the Health Service Centers, it is necessary to consider mothers’ awareness and performance with infants from 6 months to one-year-old, when the baby’ s first teeth grew.

Introduction Adolescents who have been deprived of family support for various reasons are more likely to be in vulnerable groups in society, resulting in more risky behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of psycho-drama in reducing high-risk behaviors in unsupervised adolescent boys. Materials & Methods This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of unsupervised teenage boys between the ages of 12-13, who were studying in the sixth grade in Zanjan in the 2018-2019 academic year. 40 students were selected by purposive sampling and substituted in two equal groups as experimental and control groups. The main tool was the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2013). Psychodrama intervention was performed for 9 sessions (each session 90 minutes) for the experimental group, but the control group received no intervention. At the final session, both experimental and control groups received a posttest. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS23. Findings Results showed a significant difference between the two groups in the posttest phase (p<0. 05). Psychodrama decreased high-risk behaviors in the experimental group. The percentage of these changes based on the Eta-square was 41. 3%. Also, according to the results, Eta-square of components was 37% for the smoking, 32% for the alcohol; 17. 9% for the psychotropic; 36. 3% for aggressive behaviors, 35. 3% for thinking and committing suicide, 30. 5% for escape component, and 35. 5% for relationship the opposite sex (p<0. 05). Conclusion According to the findings, it can be concluded that psychodrama is an effective adjunctive therapy to reduce the symptoms of high-risk behaviors of unsupervised adolescent boys, and it is recommended to counselors in preventing psychological damage in schools.

Aims Improving the quality of patients’ safety is one of the hospitals’ priorities and the WHO has prioritized it as one of the basic health concerns. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of the “ SPEAK UP” program on strengthening patients’ participation and safety referred to Babolsar hospitals. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental interventional study was performed from June to December 2017. The selected patients referred to the clinic of Shafa Hospital were divided into two groups: control and experimental (50 participants in each). A pre-test was given to both samples, and then training was held for the intervention group through the educational brochure. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting the data based on the “ SPEAK UP brochure” (α =0. 925). Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for testing the research hypotheses through SPSS 20. Findings The mean scores of participation, safety, learning, and asking skills in the post-test of the experimental group were higher than that of their pre-test scores. Implementation of the SPEAK UP program had a significant impact on participation, safety skills, learning skills, and the asking skills of the patients who referred to the hospital. Conclusion Promoting the implementation of the “ SPEAK UP” program through using 7 educational rules has a significant impact on the free expression of opinions, enhancing the patients’ participation level, and improving the safety of patients who referred to hospitals and others health centers.

Aims Depression during pregnancy has a significant impact on both mother and fetus. This study aimed to determine the frequency of depression and associated factors among primigravid women. Materials & Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 255 pregnant women attending a hospital in Tehran from October 2017 to February 2018. A demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), given to a convenient sample of primigravid women attending the antenatal clinic, were completed. chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data and SPSS version 22. 0 was used for its analysis (p<0. 05). Findings The prevalence of depression during pregnancy was 17. 3% (n=255). The results of the t-test and chi-square test showed that depression was significantly associated with age (p=0. 008), marriage age (p=0. 018), economic status (p=0. 050), family history of depression (p<0. 001), marital satisfaction (p<0. 001), ability to recognize postpartum depression (p=0. 019) and attitudes about postpartum depression (p=0. 042). Further analysis by logistic regression analysis revealed that family history of depression [AOR=7. 89, 95% CI, p=0. 002] and less satisfaction with husband [AOR=3. 24, 95% CI, p=0. 021] was significantly associated with depression. Conclusion The findings showed that a high percentage of women were depressed. Also, having a family history of depression and less satisfied with the husband were the strongest factors related to depression. It seems that educational interventions and counseling may need to be conducted on high-risk mothers to promote their mental health status.

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of the 5S intervention program on the clients’ satisfaction in healthcare centers’ services. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was done with 220 pregnant women at a health center in Ahvaz in 2018. The quality gap and weaknesses were measured before the 5S implementation using the adornment system (5S) checklist and SERVQUAL questionnaire. Interventions were designed and implemented concerning the system weaknesses, and the next evaluation was carried out two months after the intervention. SPSS. 21 software was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and descriptive statistics. Findings The 5S score was 2. 4 before the 5S implementation and 4. 2 after the intervention. The study revealed that although the average score of expectations of the Ahvaz community health center’ s clients is higher than their perception, the 5S implementation has decreased the gap, and in general, in the studied center, the provided service quality is still less than the center clients’ expectations. Conclusion Implementation of 5S can improve the work environment adornment and the satisfaction of health centers’ clients.

Aims The aim was to investigate lower extremity muscle strength by a handheld dynamometer and to assess the possible correlation between fear of falling and muscle strength in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Materials & Methods In this cross-sectional study, 15 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were evaluated based on the Michigan neuropathy screening instrument, and ten healthy control were enrolled. The study was performed in the clinical and research center of Tarbiat Modares University’ s movement disorders between February and May 2020. Fall efficacy scale-International was completed to assess fear of falling. Muscle strength of the peroneus longus, tibilalis anterior, gastrosoleus, Hamstring, vastus lateralis, quadriceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and hip abductors of the dominant (right) lower extremity was measured by a handheld dynamometer. SPSS 22 was used for data processing. An independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze data. Findings There was a moderate and negative correlation between fall efficacy scale-International and gastrosoleus time to peak (r=-0. 0607; p=0. 016), and a strong correlation between fall efficacy scale-International and Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (r=0. 709; B=1. 829; p=0. 003). All the time-to-peak force results were higher in diabetic peripheral neuropathy than healthy control and became significant in tibilalis anterior, quadriceps femoris, and gluteus maximus (p<0. 05). The augmented force of the gluteus maximus was significantly lower in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (p=0. 021). Conclusion Gastrosoleus rate of force development has a negative correlation with fear of falling. Fall efficacy scale-International and Michigan neuropathy screening instruments have a strong correlation.

Aims The prevalence of Diabetes type 2 has been increased significantly during recent years. So, prevention is necessary from adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Health Belief Model-based education on preventive behaviors of Diabetes type 2 in male adolescences. Materials & Methods This semi-experimental study was conducted on 208 secondary school students of Hamadan city (104 students in an experimental group and 104 students in a control group) in 2018, who were selected using the stratified-proportional sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire including demographic, awareness, model constructions, and preventive behavior. Afterward, an educational intervention was implemented in the experimental group based on Health Belief Model in four 45-60 minute sessions. After one month, the data were recollected from the two groups and analyzed using Chi-square, t-test, and linear regression by SPSS 16 software. Findings Comparing the scores of awareness, Health Belief Model constructs, and student’ s preventive practices revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups at the beginning of the study (p>0. 05). However, after the intervention, significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding awareness, the Health Belief Model constructs, and student’ s preventive practices (p<0. 05). Linear regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy was the most important independent predictor of type-2 diabetes-preventative behavior (p<0. 05). Conclusion Health Belief Model-based education is effective in promoting type-2 diabetes prevention behaviors in students.

Aims Children with epilepsy are exposed to oral disease due to the lack of self-care and antiepileptic medicines’ side effects. The present study aimed to assess the association between mothers’ oral health literacy with a child who has epilepsy and the children’ s oral health status. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional study was performed during the fall and winter of 2017 in Ahvaz, Iran. Mothers of one-hundred 3-6 years’ children with epilepsy referred to Golestan hospital were selected through the available sampling method and completed a valid and reliable questionnaire on oral health literacy. The children’ s oral and dental health was also examined by a dentist to determine decayed, missed, and filled teeth and simplified oral hygiene index. ANOVA and Pearson correlations were used to analyze data in SPSS 15. Findings The mean age of mothers, OHI-S index, and the average number of decayed teeth in children were 30. 28± 4. 3, 2. 75± 0. 75, and 2. 86± 1. 65, respectively. Besides, the mean numbers of extracted and filled teeth of children were respectively 0. 31± 0. 48 and 0. 19± 0. 41. A significant relationship was seen between the mother’ s education and the simplified oral hygiene index. Also, there was a significant relationship between mothers’ oral health literacy and decayed, missed, and filled teeth (p<0. 005). Moreover, no statistically significant relationship was observed between mothers’ oral health literacy and simplified oral hygiene index score (p>0. 05). Conclusion The present study showed an association between maternal Oral Health Literacy and children’ s oral health with epilepsy.