JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHES)
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

In order to study the effect of drought stress and N fertilizer on material remobilization of wheat cultivars, a field experiment was conducted in 2003-2004 at Islamic Azad University of Shushtar. The design was a factorial in completely randomized block with replications. Treatments were wheat cultivars (Chamran, Showa and Falat), N fertiliser in two levels (50 and 150 kg/ha) and 2 levels of drought stress (without stress, stress at anthesis and stress at grain filling). Chamran and Falat were soft and Showa was durum wheat. Results indicated that The highest and lowest contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain were obtained by Falat (26%) and Shova (6%) cultivars respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer increased dry matter remobilization to grain (17%). Dry matter remobilization to grain with drought stress was 4140 kg/ha and in well irrigation was 4830 kg/ha). Potential of photosynthesis material remobilization from vegetative plant parts and efficiency of mobilization to grain were important characters for stability of grain yield in drought conditions. Therefore, this point can be different for drought stress, breeding cultivars and higth in different regions.

In order to determine the best planting pattern on producing hybrid seed a field experiment was conducted in 2007 at Safiabad Dezful research center in a complete block design with four Treatment and four replicates. Treatment were: D1 (Paternal and Maternal line on row), D2 (Tow row paternal line and one row maternal line), D3 (Tow paternal and maternal line in row) and D4 (one row paternal line and tow paternal line in row). Result indicated that planting pattern has a significant effect on most of corn characteristics. Ear weight, seed weight on ear (maximum 97g), ear weight ratio, seed weight, cab weight ratio (maximum 66%) and grain yield increased with differences in row planting pattern to tow row planting pattern. So vary ate one row pattern to tow row pattern increased some of characteristics. But were not a significant effect between no one of two row pattern. The fourth treatment (one row planting paternal and maternal) was the best on grain yield (2753 kg/ha).

In order to study the effect of plant density on grain yield, yield components and oil yield of safflower genotypes, a field experiment was conducted in Dezfol conditions. This experiment was factorial with RCBD arrangement. Treatments were safflower genotypes (Mahaly Isfahan, Zaeghan 279 and Varamin 295) and four levels of plant density (8, 11, 16 and 32 plant per m2). Results indicated that the effect of plant density on grain yield, pod per plant and grain per pod was significant in 1% probability level. The lowest and the highest grain yield was in Mahaly Isfahan (2230 kg.ha-1) and Zarghan 279 (1360 kg.ha-1), respectively. High grain yield in Mahaly Isfahan was due to higher grain weight and grain number per pod. The highest and the lowest grain yield in density treatments was in 8 and32  plant.m-2 (2040 and 1720 kg.ha-1), respectively. Grain number per pod, pod per plant and lateral branches decreased and the number of fertile pods increased as plant density decreased. Genotype Mahaly Isfahan had the highest grain and oil yield in 8 plant.m-2 density treatment.

In order to determine of planting pattern and planting date on quality and quantity yield of Canola a field experimental was conducted in 2007 at Dezful Safiabad research center in a complete block design with four replicates. Treatments were: planting date (87/9/12 and 87/8/25) and tow level planting pattern (8:2 and 12:2) that was tow line in a row. In this research different ratio level of paternal and maternal line evaluated. Result indicated that planting date has a significant effect on biological yield (2324 kg/ha), grain yield (407 kg/ha), seed size (5.8 g), harvest index (17.53%), number of pod in plant (147). And planting date 87/8/25 was higher than another one. the effect of planting pattern on biological yield (2289 kg/ha), grain yield (351 kg/ha), seed size (5.8 g) and number of pod in plant (136), were significant in 5% level. The effect of planting pattern (8:2) on biological yield, grain yield was better than (12:2), but has not significant effect on harvest index, number of seed in pod and plant height.

This field study was conducted in College of Agriculther, Islamic Azad University, Shuoshtar branch, to investigate study The effect of four kind of dual Purpose herbicide on weed control in conventional tillage system and minimum tillage system in 2006-2007 experimental treatments were arranged split plot design in three replication. The main plot consist of two tillage system (conventional and min tillage), the sub plot consist of Herbicide doze (Sulfosulfuron, Mesosulfuron, Imazamethabenz - methyl and Metribuzin). For evaluation effect of treatments on density (number) of broad and narrow leaf weed, sampling of plots was do after spraying results showed significant difference among the tillage system, the results showed that conventional tillage was better than minimum tillage for weed control. Use of 31 gr/ha Sulfosulfuron in conventional tillage and 31 gr/ha Sulfosulfuron and 400 gr/ha Mesosulfuron in minimum tillage was the best treatment. The results showed no significant difference among tillage system for broad leaf weed control but density of this weeds was more in convetional tillage then the minimum tillage. The highest control of leaf broad weed of 31 and 26/6 gr/ha Sulfosulfuron, 350 gr/ha and 400 gr/ha Mesosulfuron in both tillage systems was. In minimum tillage system, density of narrow leaf weed was more than conventional tillage system. the highest control of narrow leaf weed was observed using of 31 and 26/6 gr/ha Sulfosulfuron, 350 gr/ha and 400 gr/ha Mesosulfuron and Imazamethabenz - methyl 2 and 3 lit/ha in both tillage systems was.

To study the effects of water deficit on yield and some physiologisical traits of five corn varieties (including SC108, SC500, SC647, SC700 and SC704) at both vegetative and reproductive stages, two separate field studies were conducted in factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with five replications in Kahriz agricultural research station at years of 2004-5. Also, a second factorial green house experiment based on randomized completely design with five replications was conducted to evaluate the effect of PEG8000 on seedlings of corn varieties. Results showed that grain yield was significantly decreased under drought stress. Variation percentage for RWL, RWC and chlorophyll content was 36/32, 38/91 and 38/4, respectively. Maximum and minimum grain yield under drought conditions were devoted to SC704 (7.8 ton/ha) and SC108 (6.9 ton/ha), respectively. Results of green house experiment, also, showed that PEG8000 significantly decreased radical length, plumle length and dry weight of them. In this study, hybrid SC500 was characterized the most suitable variety under drought stress during seedling stage.

In Khuzestan province, the conditions of alternative cropping in some case have a negative effect on yield after summer cropping, because of canola delay planting. According to the agronomic necessaries, we are able to make a suitable managing by considering growth curve. Thus, experiment on the basis of split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design in Khuzestan Agriculture Research Center in 2005-2006 years. treatments wre conducted, with 4 planting date (Nov, 6 and 21, Dec, 6, 21) as the main plot and 4 genotypes (Hyola 401, Pp 401/15 E, RGS 003, Option 500) as the subplots. Because of being synchronous of main stage of development with final heart season in Late planting, cause that first planting date made a better yield and growth parameters compare with other planting date. Hyola 401 Hybrid is made the highest yield and yield component to other genotypes, because of leaf Area Index (LAI), Total Dry Matter (TDM), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net assimilation Rate (NAR) and Relative Growth Rate (RGR) is better than all genotypes. Finally according the result of this research recommended to planting Hyola 401 Hybrid in 6 Nov as suitable planting date.

In this research, the effect of different fertilizer nitrogen amounts (N1=20, N2=40, N3=80 kg/ha. contemporaneous with plant), and horse bean (Vicia faba L.) various cultivar (Barekat, zohre, shami & jazayeri) on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of horse bean during 2 year (2004,2005) were investigated. After preparation, seed of cultivars with rhizobium bacteria (Rh. Legominosarum) were inoculated and immediately in autumn season middle were planted. Results showed that there was a significant difference between fertilizer nitrogen amounts and BNF, to this virtually that, increase fertilizer nitrogen amounts providence BNF loss. N1 treatment was highest BNF (mean1.67 percentages in nodule) but N3 treatment providence decrease 40-50 percentages BNF. Cultivar Barekat was highest BNF (mean 1.87 percentages in nodule) and total nitrogen plant (mean 1.97 percentages in plant). Increase fertilizer nitrogen amounts providence: weight, number and size nodules loss. Number of nodule in N1 and Cultivar Barekat treatments was highest (make arrangements: mean 1450-1250 nodules in plant). Increase fertilizer nitrogen amounts (N3=80 kg/ha.) providence Number nodule decrease (mean 998 nodules in plant). The largest nodule diameter was in N1 treatment (mean 1.98 centimeter in nodule). Increase fertilizer nitrogen amounts providence decrease algometric root / stem ratio. Growth parameter evolution shown barekat variety advantage to other genotypes in traits such as leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter. Finally according the result of this Research Recommended to planting barekat variety with application 40 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer.