IRANIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Heterogeneous commodity residential units that has several dimensions, and is characteristic.Demand for residential units with regard to each dimension and its features can be ranked. This study using Hedonic method, each value specifies attributes.Hedonic model in this study using a cross-sectional data in 1387 as a field in which the city has been collecting Ghaemshahr and the place features, and physical environment of residential units has been estimated. Based on the results, the most important factors affecting the value of the land area of residential units. Under the surface, number of bedrooms, distance from residential units downtown, the distance from the main street of residential units, residential unit distance from the park and green space is. The demand functions for each of the specifications in terms of household income, age and number of people in households headed households, respectively. The results show that, for the income elasticity for all parameters is smaller than a interactively highest and lowest income elasticity related to the level of infrastructure is the number of bedrooms.Traction coefficient of land area, below the level and number of bedrooms than the number of people in the household is positive and significant, and this proves that if the number of people in a household will increase the demand for residential units with an area of land, infrastructure and level Number of bedrooms above goes further. The surface tension coefficient of infrastructure and the number of bedrooms than age households is positive and significant, and indicate that whatever age households exceeds his desire to have more residential units with an area above ground level and the number of building more rooms Sleep is more.

In the past few decades several countries in the world have attracted foreign direct capital as one of the instruments needed for financing the increasing level of internal investment. In this connection, the economic conditions of host countries for increasing the level of FDI have been considered as an important factor in achieving their objective. In this study, the impact of some macro-economic variables on FDI is examined in detail in Iran. The period selected is 1352-1388 years and the econometric technique used in this article is the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) for evaluating the conditions of instability and Power Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (PGARCH) for the conditions of asymmetry. The estimated results of the model show that under conditions of instability, increasing the exchange rate has a negative impact on FDI, whereas raising labor productivity, protecting investment security and keeping the degree of openness of the economy has a positive effect on attracting FDI. The estimated outcomes obtained under the unstable conditions, due to the type of impact that the explanatory variables may put on the dependent ones, are similar with those under the stable short-run and long-run model with different effective coefficients and that on the other hand they show a positive effect of the shock caused under the unstable conditions on net decrease in FDI. In sum, the results show the asymmetric effects of the shocks on net FDI.

In examining of adjustment policies on economic growth and with using indicators of external and internal equilibrium and the reform of motivations and economic institutes was cleared that the government policies for obtain internal equilibrium have no significant effect on economic growth while the non oil exprot, the ratio of private investment to GDP and the quality variable of economic liberalization have positive effects on economic growth. Since the efficiency of private investment is graeter than to the efficiency of public investment, thus continuing the trend of privatization is seen desirable. The coefficient of liberalization dumy variable is positive but real exchange rate and average import tariff rate coefficients have no significant effect on the economic growth. Thus supply side policies are preferred than to exchange rate reforms. Also using tariff instrument considering to the comparative advantage of commodities under long-run strategies as a component of economic adjustment policies is suggested and must be preferred liberalization policies than to privatization policies and it’s necessary to provide required beds to increase the corporation of private sector.

This paper is exploring the determinants of Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) between Iran and Southwest Asian countries.Within the framework of Gravity Model, we use Grubel & Lioyd index to measure the volume of IIT for Chemical products from 1992 to 2005. Based on theoretical studies, Country and Industry-Specific factors collectively determine the composition of Intra-Industry Trade among trade partners.Empirical studies however show that in developing countries, National fundamentals are more significant in the explanation for the pattern of IIT.Such elements are GDP, Demographic variable, Geographic Distance, Linder Variable, Economic Convergence, and Exchange rate. Our research confirmed that, GDP, Economic convergence, and the Linder Variable have positive effect on Intra-Industry Trade between Iran and its trading partners in Southwest Asia, whereas Exchange rate and Distance inversely influence IIT.

Over the past two decades, trade has been an engine of growth and reduction of poverty.Trade liberalization is a dominant process for integration of developing countries into the world economy. Trade liberalization refers to the removal of government incentives and restrictions from trade between nations.This research studies the impact of trade liberalization on net exports of developing and newly industrialized economies. To accomplish this task, we collected a panel data set of 11 countries over 1999-2006. Our sample includes Iran, Chile, China, Brazil, Turkey, South Korea, Tunisia, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, and Mexico. To test the effects of Terms of Trade, real GDP, and the foreign income on net export, we use the pooled regression model as the baseline for our comparison. For the period of our study, we find strong evidence that trade liberalization leads to higher net exports and overall trade balance.

This research examines the factors affecting income distribution with emphasis on foreign trade. We investigate the significance of international trade on distribution of income in Iran from 1977to 2007. We begin our study with explanation of the theoretical relationship between foreign trade and income distribution and demonstrate that the economic structure of the country is an important factor in the explanation of the connection between trade and income distribution. Using empirical evidence from Iran, the examination of the link between foreign trade and income distribution, shows that international trade will reduce the income inequality in Iran but the impact is not noteworthy. We also discover that while the non-oil exports have no significant effect on income distribution the export of crude oil increases the income inequality in Iran even though the increase in imports financed by petrodollars has let to an improvement of the index for income distribution. Furthermore, this study indicates an overall increase in GDP per-capita and its distribution is such that the share of upper income groups has increased relative to those in lower income brackets.

Investigation the Relation between fluctuation of real exchange rate and macro economic variables such as export and import in irans economy as a joint national economy with global economy has a particulary importance. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on the Iranian export and import. For investigate the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations, at the first phase by using hodrick prescott filter the fluctuations decomposed into anticipated and unanticipated fluctuations and negative and positive fluctuations. at the next phase, they are regressed on export and import. The main findings of this research indicate that the exchange rate fluctuations have a non-symmetric impact on the export and import. in the way that the anticipated and unanticipated fluctuations, effect on export differently. Providing that anticipated fluctuations more than unanticipated fluctuations, fluctuation the export. Also these fluctuations affect on import differently. An the way that, unanticipated fluctuations in comparision with anticipated fluctuations, has mor efficacy on import. the results of this research show that negative exchange rate fluctuations (dippreciaion) more than positive exchange rate fluctuations, influence on export, but about import, it is on the facor of positive exchange rate.

The main objective of the article is to evaluate possible effects of targeting subsidies on the performance of VAT revenues in IRAN. Considering the characteristics of the VAT system in Iran, the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS (and Panel data methods have been used to forecast the VAT revenues in two different scenarios (targeting and not-targeting of subsidies) for the years 1389, 1390. The results of the study show that targeting subsidies in 1389 may result in 19 percent increase in the revenue, while targeting subsidies in 1390 increases VAT by 41 both in current prices. Furthermore, the results of the model show that if the subsidies is not targeted and the 1389 budget bill forecast of the VAT is also replaced with the Forecasts made by the author, then the growth of the VAT will be negative. However the negative growth will be slight if the subsidies are targeted in the current year.Therefore, it is concluded that targeting subsidies may realize the budget forecasts of the VAT.