IRANIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMICS
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:25 |Papers Count:6

Oil, as a huge source of wealth, can also act as an obstacle to the economic development of the oil-rich countries, in addition to being the engine for economic growth in these countries. The increase in crude oil consumption in various sectors of the economy has caused a massive emission of greenhouse gases, as well as global damage. Determining the effect of this factor on environmental contamination is important. Crude oil is one of the factors of production and plays an important role in production. Considering that a large share of energy consumption is consumed by major oil products (crude oil, petroleum, gas oil and kiln) Therefore, in this paper, we tried to study the effects of shocks of crude oil consumption on carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in selected countries of MENA by using the PVAR approach as well as Iran using the VAR method and the results suggest that the shock of increasing crude oil consumption after an insignificant fall in GDP per capita will increase proportionally in subsequent periods in selected of MENA countries during the period 1992 to 2016, The effect of this shock on carbon dioxide emissions also mildly initially leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions, but in subsequent periods it decreases and moves towards long-term equilibrium.

The present paper deals with the mutual effects of insurance and economic growth in Iran under influence of shocks of the productivity of production factors and development index ICT using Bayesian VAR model for the years 1986-2016. Based on the results of the analysis of variance of the model, the forecast error over periods has increased relative to the first period. The percentage of variance caused by a sudden change or specific shock indicates that although 100% of changes in the economic growth rate in the first period, and 99. 51% of the changes in the second period have been caused by the variable itself, in the third period, 99. 19% of changes is related to the variable itself, 0. 0001% is related to human capital shock, 0. 086% is related to shock of the ICT development index, 0. 034% is related to the insurance penetration rate shock, 0. 56% is related to the physical capital, and 0. 123% is related to the degree of openness of the economy. Among the explanatory variables of the economic growth rate model: physical capital shock, degree of openness of the economy shock, shock of ICT development index, insurance penetration index shock, and human capital shock have respectively the highest percentage of explanation for the changes in economic growth rates during the period under review.

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between inflation, unemployment and economic growth in terms of the Phillips, Okun and Aggregate supply curves. In this regard, we use nonlinear smooth transition autoregressive methods during the period from 1380 to 1393. The results show that A) Based on the Terasvirta Test, the Phillips curve follows the nonlinear logistic model; the Okun curve follows the exponential nonlinear model and the aggregate supply follows the linear model. B) The Phillips model follows two regimes; in the down regime, the relationship between inflation and unemployment is positive and in the up regime, this is a negative relationship. C) The Okun model follows two regimes that, in down regime, has a negative relationship between economic growth and unemployment; but in up regime, the relationship between economic growth and unemployment is positive. D) The relationship between economic growth and inflation is positive.

we examined impacts of socio-economic variables on Iranian households tourism demand using Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). We used pooled data of more than 180 thousands of Iranian urban households between 2005-2013 and estimated the model with Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR). The results of the research show that the household size and education of household’ s head have a negative significant and household’ s head age has a positive significant effect on tourism demand. oil sanction has no significant effect on domestic tourism demand but, has a negative significant effect on foreign tourism demand. The estimated income elasticities of domestic and foreign tourism demand were 2. 51 and 2. 12 respectively.

The present paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on imports and exports of Islamic cooperative countries using the dynamic data panel of the data panel over the period 1981-2015. For this purpose, it has been shown by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) that commercial liberalization has a significant effect on the growth of these countries' exports and imports, and this effect on import growth far exceeds the effect on export growth. Therefore, the results of the research reflect the fact that the status of trade balance of the countries studied has become worse with the choice of the policy of trade liberalization. The results also show that with the liberalization of trade, the price elasticity of demand for exports and imports has increased significantly, but trade liberalization has not had much effect on the growth of import demand and export demand. In addition to examining the timing of business liberalization, the results of the study indicate that the short-term effect of trade liberalization on imports is instantaneous, while this effect is much slower for export growth.

Human development as the ultimate goal of human activities and the objectives of the development process, which is an indicator of social welfare. Human development, which by definition is to increase the choice of people so that to achieve Helpful life, healthier and more long straw, Energy, as one of the major inputs, also has a special place in the economic development of each country. Our country is also rich in the richest countries in terms of energy and human resources. Therefore, it is logical to make the most of this advantage for economic development. So considering the importance of the issue in This study aims to explore the impact of revenues from energy production were conducted on the Human Development Index, This time series data from the years 1980-2014 and vector autoregressive method was used. six variable model for unemployment, human development index, GDP, total investment, energy and income dummy variable entered the model And two measures analysis of variance was used and the reaction function. After the test, stationary and co-integration and Granger causality using the VAR model estimation Finally, the results suggest that, the income from energy positive impact on the human development index also positively impact GDP, unemployment and war has a negative impact on the human development index.