SOCIETAL SECURITY STUDIES
Year:2011 | Volume:- | Issue:27|Papers Count:10

Unstable regions adjacent to the territory of Islamic Republic of Iran, especially in the Southeast of Iran are the root of strategic concern. Conditions are in a way that the negligence on the side of Islamic Republic of Iran may lead to threat against security of Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, and based on a certain research, insecurity variables in the region have been surveyed.The present research aims at studying insecurity factors from domestic and foreign aspects in the southeast of Iran. The research tries to study and analyze the impact of the factors on insecurity in the southeast of Iran (Sistan & Baluchistan), and tries to answer the question: "To what extent do domestic and foreign factors contribute to insecurity in the southeast of Iran?" The factors have been studied from domestic and foreign aspects. N=143 is comprised of university professors and the province officials. The research is of descriptive-analytical type and statistical analysis is conducted through using SPSS. The results of the research indicates that every factor -domestic and foreign- contribute to establishment of insecurity in Southeast of Iran i.e. Sistan and Baluchistan, however, the share of foreign factors is greater than that of domestic ones.

The present research reviews the role of cultural and social factors effective in women's security feeling in the South and North of Tehran. The research aims at expressing the role of social and cultural constituents contributing to security feeling among women in the above-mentioned regions and comparing the regions with other regions.The research is of survey type. The statistical community includes all the women ranging from 15 to 64 in regions 1and 2 (north) and regions 19 and 20 (South) of Tehran. Based on Cochran sampling formula N=532 in the north of Tehran, and N=530 in the south of Tehran, and they are studied randomly in the predetermined blocks. The measurement tool in the research is self-made questionnaire in accompany with interview, and Chronbach Alpha coefficient is used to test the reliability and validity of the measurement tool. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire approved with respect to the results of the Chronbach's test (a=0.84).Methods of data analysis as reviewed based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson correlation test, T test, regression analysis relationship of the research variables, used to compare the relation-ship between variables in northern and southern regions in Tehran. The findings of the research indicated a significant relationship between social and cultural variables (life skills, social capital, national identity, cultural capital and socio-economic base) and the issue of women's social security feeling in the north and south of Tehran.The results of T test has indicated the significant difference between security feeling among women in the north and south of Tehran by confidence of 99 percent.

Security is as old as mankind's history, and its record is simultaneous with the concept of community and society. The literal concept of security is lack of threat against dominating values in a society from objective point of view, and from subjective point of view, it is the same as security feeling, itself. Security feeling means being secure or feeling that our life, properties, identity and values are safe and are not threatened and damaged. In other words, security feeling means not being worried about providing the reasonable needs of individuals at present and in future. Today, when interpreting the word security we not only concentrate on lack of threat, some desirable conditions are considered for materialization of collective objectives and requests. The discussion is based on a subjective and interpretative vision on in-secular hazards and emphasizes on software capabilities and in-secular capitals.One of the in-secular capitals emphasized on is social capital. Social capital assists people and groups in having access to public interests like security and its feeling, and effective performance of governmental organs. The statistical population of the present research is Tehrani citizens of over 18 years. According to the latest statistics, the over 18 population of Tehran is 3153072. Sampling method is random-cluster. Cochran formula is used for determining the volume of the sample, 663 persons. The tool for collecting information is a standard questionnaire for measuring the level of security feeling. A self-made questionnaire is used for assessing social capital, the present research is of correlation type. In order to analyze the data resulted from implementation of research tools, descriptive indices related to demographic factures and major variables of the research (social capital, variable) and graphs related to them are calculated and drawn. In the inferential methods, a significant correlation coefficient, multi correlation coefficient, correlation coefficient, path analysis and frequent measurement, used for testing the research hypotheses and answering the research questions. The results are displayed in separate tables. Some statistical software, especially SPSS (18), statistical (8) and Lisrel used to analyze the data. Finally, the research hypotheses expressing the positive impact of social capital (social trust, social norms, assumptions, structural social capital (social networks, society communications, and individual characteristics of citizens on security feeling (vital, economic, social, honor) approved. According to the results of the focal correlation analysis, among structural social capital constituents, the constituent of social communications with weight of 0.301 compared with the constituent of social networks with weight of 0.212 is of higher importance and has had the most impact in building this variable.

This article study the public thinking about performing scheme of social security promotion to examine satisfaction extent of Tehran citizens from performing scheme and in this case try to not only consider the satisfaction but also introduce effective factors to get agreement process in this scheme.According to nature of study, it's methodology is descriptive and method of data collecting is measurement. Using questionnaires To collect data and sampling according relation and method of simple accidental.384 people from 16 region municipality of Tehran in 1390 selected as statistical sample to answer questions.Testing hypothesis according to measure & variables, used from independence test and results indicate that after perform of social security scheme, public thinking have satisfaction sense.The most important effective factors, in order, attention different in ethnic characters, racial and religious, regard to fairness, and individuals private bounds, decline of criminal acts in area after performing scheme, Cleanup area from addictions and setup patrol and driving officers in satisfy public thinking after performing social security scheme.

Background and Objectives: The present article aims at reviewing factors contributing to occurrence of collective destructive behavior among football spectators.Method: the research conducted to identify factors which lead to occurrence of collective behavior, especially destructive behavior and analyzing it, a questionnaire developed and its validity assessed through using Chronbach Alpha. N=407 selected randomly from among football spectators as a sample for extracting psychological factors which contribute to occurrence of collective destructive behaviors. After completion of the questionnaires, the resulted data is assessed through using person correlation test, K2 test, binominal test and SPSS.Findings: When people gather together, excitement reactions transmit from one individual to the other and the issue continues until the time that individuals' identity and inhibition is eliminated. Some issues such as anonymity feeling, anti-socialism, lack of confidence in officials, aggressiveness … lead to elimination of identity and inhibition on the part of individuals.Results: The results indicated that there is significant correlation between frustration feeling, anonymity feeling, hidden aggressiveness, lack of confidence in officials and anti-socialism, and their readiness for destructive behavior.

Security is considered one of the basic issues of societal studies and the foundation of social relationship. However, in the sociological field, especially in positivist sociology, which focuses on preserving normal and legal discipline enough attention, is not paid to security. Therefore, in this article, positivist theory of Durkheim for analyzing societal security is used. Durkheim has intermingled normal discipline and social stability with correlation constituents and social cooperation, and he has assumed the role of values and collective beliefs as the foundation for security. It seems that in modifying and revising Durkheim theory there are four types of security- conflicting, competitive, cooperative and unified-each of which are classified in two categories: surface security and real security with respect to their nature. In addition, the basis of Durkheim's cognitive method concentrates on the fact that intensity of any violation of discipline-orientation is associated with the punishment, which is defined in collective conscience, and in this regard legal regulations are the most documented tool for determining the importance of social disorder. Based on Durkheim theory, the present piece of writing tries to provide the possibility of measuring the intensity of societal insecurity based on frequency of event that happen and their importance. Meanwhile, it reminds the reader that mere utilization of frequency approach for measuring in security is incomplete and may lead to an incorrect analysis of the level and intensity of security. To this end, survey method with orientation toward written interview of descriptive type is used and the achieved results indicate that there is difference between insecurity status on the basis of frequency of events which lead to insecurity and amounts calculated based on frequency and importance of the above-mentioned calculated events. It also argues that in addition to using number or frequency of events, the index of event importance should be probably used.

Expansion of addiction and spreading drug consumption, especially hash and industrial psychedelic among juvenile is one of the bottlenecks of our society in megacities, especially our case-study: Karaj. Due to being near the capital and being much larger than a normal city, being industrialized, having over 70 percent of exotic population (unofficial statistics) has been seriously influenced by problems originated from sub-cultures.According to the announcement of police officials, the rate of delinquency is growing increasingly. The present research, which is in terms of type and objective of applied type and in terms of nature, is of descriptive type proportionate with the existing documents. Chronbach Alpha test is used for reviewing and measuring the level of its validity. The result of the conducted calculations indicates the 0.75 reliability of the questionnaire. The findings indicate that the amount of money available to the juvenile is among the effective factors contributing to tendency toward drugs consumption. The researches have indicated that those parents who are not kind to their children, most probably will face delinquency on the part of their children.