Journal of Geography and Planning
Year:2010 | Volume:15 | Issue:32|Papers Count:13

In order to determine susceptible areas in Garangoo catchment on northern slopes of Sahand Mountain the first stage was distinguishing share of 9 factors that affect the occurrence of landslides. Landslide hazard mapping is often performed through the identification and analysis of instability factors. For mapping, firstly distribution map was produced and digitized and then we analyzed share of factors on landslide events using bivariate methods. Landslide hazard zoning map was drawn using ArcView. This map showed that large part of Garangoo catchment was consisted of volcanic ash, marl and old alluviums. Over 7 villages, (Yengejahe, Galehe, Darband, Solok, Agcherood, Azizkandi) are located in the area of very susceptible sensible limit and over 12 villages (Hosseinalan, Shoedarag, Agcheoglan, Shorgarakand, Karimabad, Ahmadabad, Gar-ajagayahe, Eainabad, Taharabad, Chapand, Agbolag, and Asayesh, Goshayesh) are situated in the area of highly susceptible to the occurrence of landslides. The susceptible areas to landslide hazard are located in the middle part of catchment and upper part of Sahand Dam. Dam' s position and slope instability problems upstream and incorrect management of slopes in upper part of the Dam make it necessary to assess and zone landslide hazard in Garangoo catchment.

Accelerated urbanization in developing countries and concentration of activities and population in some regions leads to regional imbalances.This is one of the important characteristics of the third world countries. This character is affected by pole growth policies that have led to the concentration of facilities in one or more several regions.In this case, regional planning science has beneficial patterns to resolve problems. First step is identification of socio-economic disparities in regions. However, this article tries to survey development disparities in East Azerbaijan Province. In this survey 44 indicators were selected for comparison of counties, and numeric taxonomic and cluster analysis methods were used to ranking of regions.Finally this article presents priority of counties to invest in order to achieve social justice. According to the results west area of the Province is prosperous and east area has low degree of development.In the other hand, 8 counties out of 9 counties in west area are in first and second levels of development and in these levels only one county (Sarab) is located in east area. In third and fourth levels of development we can see only Malekan in east area of the Province.

Investigation regarding the analysis and assessment of urban system network of different levels including national or regional level, starts when the special arrangements of these cities on urban network level leaves organized hierarchical pattern and move to an unharmonious and imbalanced pattern. In the framework of this model, large cities of the networks will become bigger and through centralization of the services, capital and urban facilities the population will be harmful to the other network of urban centers (including intermediate cities, small cities and rurbans). This in return would lead to unbalanced spatial relationships at the network. The present study tries to analyze the urban network of Ilam Province with a special focus on the role of small cities. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Besides, in data analysis, the models of Lorenz curve, the rank-size rule and the balanced rank-size rule have been used. The research findings show that Ilam's urban network always faces the lack of inequality. Ilam city has appeared as the primate city of the area and there exists a huge gap between Ilam and next cities of the network. Small cities, depending on their ranks in the network level, have very low population and limited facilities. Moreover, the number of very small cities (rurbans) is increasing while their population is extremely low.

This article has tried to explain the factors influencing pedestrian' s trends to use pedestrian bridges. For this purpose, 10 bridges were observed in Tehran and Shiraz. Conducting interviews, the behavior patterns of some 200 pedestrians were then recognized. Results showed that bridge-use habit and safety perception are of crucial factors to walk through a bridge. Other factors which positively influence the bridge-use were time of the day, density of walkers under the bridge and having accident record. Pedestrians often prefer level crossing due to their physical limitation and time saving.Physical barriers may prohibit pedestrians from crossing the road.

Attention to main goals of climatic design in each meteorological region and anticipation of some items to better achieving these goals causes stability and coordination of buildings with climate conditions and save energy consumption and reaching to identity of architecture in every climate. This research is an attempt for evaluation of thermal conditions to compare with some thermal comfort indexes such as‘Evanz’, ‘Mahouni’, ‘Olgey’, and ‘Givoni’ in Ravansar city. First of all climate elements including temperature, wind, and humidity were taken into consideration and then we defined thermal conditions with use of comfort zone models such as ‘cold’, ‘warm’ and ‘comfort’temperature for daytime and night in every month. Finally, with regard to climate, we determined conditional architecture indexes in accordance with climate conditions of Ravansar such as suitable direction of building in relation with climate (for sun radiation, wind direction), windows dimensions, study the rest of places and determination of depth and suitable size.

Baghlar’s fluvial system with it’s two main tributaries (Meshalar and Sisda), is a small catchment (12.8 km2 area) that has situated in southwest of Koshksaray in northwest of Iran. It is one of the fluvial systems in northern slope of Mishow-dagh chain whose development cycle has tolerated excessive changes in recent geological periods.River capture is one of these changes. In this paper, emphasizing on field studies and topographic and geologic analysis, in addition to investigation of effective factors on river capture, consequences of capture are also investigated. Results showed that the present condition in fluvial system is a result of diversion/capture processes and allogenic control mechanisms such as tectonic activities and mass movements.Diversion of Meshalar onto Sisda as the result of landslide occurrence and then capture of Meshalar by another tributary above the diversionpoint (due to operation of tectonic activities) have been consequences of increasing river incision and changing channel-reach morphology above the capture point, abandoned of segments of previous Meshalar channel, wind gap formation and changes in morphology of Baghlar alluvial fan. Generally, Baghlar fluvial system is a highly dynamic system from geomorphologic processes and sensitivity of different segments of system to allocyclic or outocyclic environmental changes.All these distress the attention to sensitivities in planning programs on such fluvial systems.

Any place on earth has its own precipitation and precipitation fluctuation. Geography features of the place are one of the effective factors in precipitation. The role of environmental variables cannot be denied at the amount and dispersion of precipitation especially mountainous regions. Mutual effects of environmental factors and climate elements have caused ever-increasing application of multivariable statistical techniques in climate studies the correct application of which have made possible modeling and assimilation of local changes of climate elements. The purpose of this article is finding the relations between environmental variables and events of precipitation element frequencies in Talesh mountainous region. This study surveyed statistical relations between some local variables such as elevation, latitude, distance from moist source and distance from maximum elevation.The 25-year (1981-2006) precipitation records in 41 climatology and precipitation stations of the region have been used. Topographygeography variables were extracted through 1: 50000, 1: 100000 and 1: 250000 topography maps of the region. Correlation coefficients between topography-geography variables calculated with event type of annual, seasonal precipitations and forecast equations. Results show that distance from Khazar Sea and elevation are the most effective factors in precipitations of Talesh region.

One of the most important processes in the future of aeolian landscape especially nebka in arid environment is vegetation. This paper has evaluated the relationship between vegetation morphology and nebka morphometry in Kheir Abad desert in Sirjan Kavir. Dominant species that has formed nebka is Tamarix mascatensis. This shrub has adapted with conditions of aeolian transition area. Results of of regression analysis showed a strong significant relation between volume of aeolian dune and vegetation horizontal parameter with 0.90 of determination index and 0.60 of standard deviation estimated error.In the next stage the correlation between nebka volume and volume of plant 0.84 coefficient of determination and 0.76 of estimated error value. Also results indicated a weak significant correlation between volume of dune and vertical parameters of plant with determination index of 0.50 and estimated error of standard deviation of 1.34.Therefore the best relation between nebka dune and vegetation morphology was explained intentionally with Tamarix mascatensis canopy cover.