Modern Care Journal
Year:2014 | Volume:11 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Background and Aim: Vaccination is a most common painful problem during infancy, which is typically ignored. Regarding importance of pain control in children, this study was done to investigate impact of distraction technique on reducing the infants’ vaccination pain.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 infants were selected from six-month-old infants who were referred to Sajadshahr health center of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, by convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to experimental and control groups. During vaccination, experimental group received a rattle as a distraction technique by the researcher 40 seconds before until 15 seconds after vaccination, control group received only routine vaccination interventions. Severity of pain was evaluated using the modified behavioral pain scale (MBPS), and duration of crying time was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5 and Chi-Square, Mann Whitney U, Independent T Test and Spearman statistical tests with 0.05 significant levels.Results: There were no significant differences in two study groups in sex, nutrition time before vaccination, previous experience of pain, weight, and bedtime before vaccination (P>0.05). Mean of pain severity and crying time in distraction groups was significantly lower than control group (P=0.0001).Conclusion: Regarding to decrease intensity pain and duration of crying in the experimental group, this method can be useful on reducing the infant’s vaccination pain.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is the most common disease related to metabolism disorders with long term complications. It needs lifelong specific self-care. The aimed of this study was effect of instructional designed SMS based on adoption of self-care behavior of patients with type II diabetes.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 88 patients with type II diabetes who referred to diabetes clinical Birjand city which selected by convenience sampling and allocated randomly into intervention group (45 patients) and control group (43 patients). Instructional SMS was sent by bulk SMS system into mobile phone of intervention group during one month and there was no intervention for the control group. Data was gathered by a questionnaire including the health belief model constructs, including self-care behaviors and demographic variables were collected through interviews with patients. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.66 to 0.77. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and Chi-Square, Fisher Exact Test, Paired T Test, Independent T Test and Pearson statistical tests with 0.05 significant level.Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant differences in demographic characteristics, the mean score knowledge, self-care behavior and model parts (HBM) between two groups (P>0.05), after intervention, the mean score variables in the experimental group was significantly increased and significant differences were found between the two groups (P<0.01).Conclusion: The results of this study showed benefits of educational messages, adopting self-care behaviors among patients with diabetes in the intervention group.

Background and Aim: Coronary bypass surgery (CABG) is one of the common therapeutic methods that influence family performance. Improving and promoting the family contribution to adherence of treatment regimen for patients is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of family-based empowerment on family cooperation in following patient treatment regime after CABG.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 102 patients and their family in Cardiac Surgery ward in Imam Khomeini (RA) hospital. Participants selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For experimental group, family–center empowerment model implemented for 7 months, with four components (knowledge improvement, self–efficacy, self-esteem and evaluation) by individual education, group discussions, demonstration and practical participation. Control group received only routine care. Then families' cooperation in adherence of treatment regimen for patients was evaluated before and after intervention. Data were analyzed by PASW and Independent T Test, Paired T Test and Chi-square Test.Results: Before the intervention, demographic characteristics and families' cooperation in adherence of treatment regimen include nutrition, physical activity and drug regime wasn’t different in two groups. Mean scores on all elements after the intervention on patients in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (P≤0.001). Also mean scores of family cooperation in adherence to treatment increased significantly after intervention on all elements (P≤0.001).Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems family-centered empowerment model is effective for patients undergoing surgery and is associated with increase family cooperation in adherence of treatment regimen for patients.

Background and Aim: In the second stage of labour, caregivers are faced with two important issues, especially in the nulliparous women. One of the two issues is severe pain and the other is most likely intentional and spontaneous perineal trauma. This study was conducted to explore the effects of warm perineum compress during the second phase of labor on first- birth outcomes.Material and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 150 primiparous women referred to Shoushtari and Hazrat Zainab (SA) hospital in Shiraz city who had inclusion criteria selected and were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Warm compress on perineum was used in experimental group and control group received usual cares in the second stage. Check lists for determining episiotomy indication, perineum intact and place, grade and size of laceration were completed after delivery for two groups. Pain severity was determined immediately after delivery by using McGill Pain tool. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15 and Chi-Square, Fisher Exact Test, Independent T Test, Mann Whitney U and Odds Ratio Statistical tests with 0.05 Significant level.Results: Result showed 29 women (38.7%) in experimental group and 5 women (6.7%) in control in group no need to suture. OR=8.8 (CI 95%: 3.18-24.46) P<0.001. need for episiotomy in experimental group was significantly lower than control group OR=0.112 (CI 95%: 0.045-0.274), P<0.001.The mean of pain severity in second stage and perineal pain severity on the first day after delivery in experimental group was significantly less than control group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The result of the study showed that using warm compress in the second stage of delivery can decrease perineal trauma and relief of pain in this stage.

Background and Aim: Epidemiological study of mental disorders is essential for estimating mental health burden, prevalence of mental disorders and health needs, the aim of this study was to determine epidemiological of mental disorders in teenagers of 15 and higher in rural areas of Birjand city in 2011.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study selected 504 persons 15 years and older by systematic random sampling from rural areas of Birjand city. Data collection instrument was ScL90-R that reliability was 0.88, by using of Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15 and Chi-Square statistical tests at 0.05 significant levels.Results: According to the results 154 (30.6%) cases had mental disorders. Prevalence of mental disorders was significantly higher in female than male, and in divorcees and widows than married women (p<0.05). However there were no significant differences in age categories and household size.Conclusion: Prevalence of mental disorders in rural areas of Birjand city is higher than other parts of the country, and need attention and accomplishment of rural mental health plan to prevent and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Background and Aim: Sexual function is an important aspect of married life and personal well-being. The aim of the present developing research was to compile and evaluate the reliability and validity of Tehran married women sexual function questionnaire.Materials and Methods: The studies on research background and theoretical basis of the female sexual function, content of the questionnaire based on the inductive method (theoretical) was developed. That for each of the Phases of sexual function, according to the definitions and characteristics of each stage, a set of questions designed to measure sexual function questionnaire and an experimental version of the compilation of married women. Preliminary study on the 50 married women in Tehran who were selected for the sampling was conducted to determine the clarity of questions and vague questions to be determined. Finally, to estimate the parameters of psychometric questionnaires, 385 married women (including 351 married women with no diagnosis of sexual dysfunction and 34 women with sexual dysfunction diagnosis) in Tehran, were chosen by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and answered this questionnaire. Construct validity using exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Also the content validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity and test-retest reliability coefficient was studied.Results: The result of study showed the internal consistency of Tehran women sexual function questionnaire consisting of 23 questions, with Cronbach's Alpha was 0.91. Test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was 0.88 after one month interval. For construct validity of the principle component analysis (PC) method was used. The rate of sample adequacy was 0.860 and the result of Bartlett test indicated appropriate conditions for factor analysis. Based on these findings, single-factor structure of the questionnaire on sexual function, for examine the sexual function in Tehran married women has validity, and can explain 37% of the total variance. Also significant difference between the scores of normal married women and married women with diagnosed sexual dysfunction (P<0.01), represents the differential validity of a questionnaire to assess sexual function and positive significant correlation between score of two questionnaires (r=+0.783, P<0.01) represent the criterion validity of questionnaire.Conclusions: The compiled questionnaire has validity and reliability for measure of sexual function in Tehran married women.

Background and Aim: Depression is the most important psychological disorder after childbirth that could have adverse impacts on the mothers, their children, and their families. This study was designed to compare emotional intelligence and postpartum depression between mothers with natural vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analysis, 95 primiparous women included 49 natural vaginal deliveries (NVD) and 46 cesarean section (CS), that referred to health centers in Ferdows city and had inclusion criteria were studied. The data collection instruments consisted of a demographic questionnaire, standard Beck Depression Inventory and the Shering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, which completed by mothers three months after delivery. Reliability of questionnaires was obtained by using of Cronbach Alpha coefficient between 0.90 and 0.82 respectively. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 15 and independent t-tests, ANOVA, Range Tukey, Fisher’s z, Pearson, and Regression with 0.05 significant level.Results: In this study 63.3% mothers with NVD and 71.7% with CS were housewife, and 59.2% of mothers with NVD and 50% with CS were 25 years old or lower. Results showed that the mean score for postpartum depression, emotional intelligence and its components were not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between postpartum depression and emotional intelligence and its components in total and both groups of mothers with natural or cesarean delivery (p> 0.001).Conclusion: According to findings, postpartum depression could be reduced by increasing emotional intelligence through performing educational programs and employing proper methods.

Background and Aim: Each year thousands of patients waiting for organ donation because of low donation. Religious beliefs of patient families with brain death are the most important reason for decision making about donation from cadaver. Nursing students and students of Islamic Sciences have an important role in identifying potential donors, encourage and justify family of brain death patient for donation. This study was done for compare attitudes of Nursing and Islamic Sciences of Mashhad city towards organ donation after brain death in 2008.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 316 students (173 nursing and 143 Islamic sciences) in Mashhad. Data was collected by self –administered questionnaire that reliability and validity has been confirmed and data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 and Chi-Square statistical tests with 0.05 significant levels.Results: In this study 277 (87.6%) cases from total students, 156 (90.2%) nursing students, 124 (87.1%) of Islamic Sciences students were willing to organ donation after death, but only 18 (5.7%) of students, included 16 (9.2%) of nursing students and 2 (1.4%) Islamic Sciences students reported had organ donation card. Spiritual aspect, saving recipient lives, to cause happiness in organ recipient and attention to humanity were respectively important reasons of agreement for donation. Emotional issues, cadaveric manipulation and family refusal were important reason for disagreement of students.Conclusion: An agreement with organ donation is more than to other country. More training is required in this field especially through course resources to increase organ donation and the number of card holder's donation.