Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care
Year:2021 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: Morbidity and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are mainly related to age and comorbidity diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignancies, etc. ). These conditions are associated with poorer clinical outcomes and sometimes lead to long-term hospitalization. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19-induced mortality and various chronic diseases in patients admitted to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, in 2020. Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 referring to Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan City, Iran, from March 2020 to September 2020 were assessed. The required data were collected using patients’ records and telephone calls by a researcher-made checklist and analyzed by Independent Samples t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher’ s Exact test, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS v. 20. Results: This study assessed 238 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The risk of death was significantly higher in patients aged over 75 years; they were 5. 5 times more prone to expire, compared to the youngest age group (P<0. 001). Chronic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease, lung disease, and various cancers were more prevalent in patients who expired, compared to those who survived (P≤ 0. 05). Of the patients who died, 73. 8% were transferred to the Intensive U (ICU), while only 7. 5% of surviving patients were transferred to the ICU (P<0. 001). Longer hospitalization was associated with an increased risk of death among patients with underlying diseases and hypertension (P<0. 05). Conclusion: This study identified the role of chronic diseases and other important indicators in the survival of patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a hospital in Rafsanjan. It is recommended that nurses and healthcare staff consider these findings in the care of patients with COVID-19.

Background: Traumatic events could be accompanied by positive personal and psychological changes. However, no scale is available to measure these aspects in patients with cancer. Accordingly, this study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (P-TGI) in patients with cancer. Methods: According to the quantitative findings of our previous study, 9 items were added to the 21 items of P-TGI. After calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) coefficients, P-PTGI was finalized with 24 items. A total of 272 eligible patients with cancer who were referred to Shahid Ghazi Hospital in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran for followup treatment completed the P-PTGI. The instrument was assessed to determine its construct validity using various indices of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and standardized lambda (λ ) coefficient, followed by further assessment of the discriminant and convergent validities using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). LISREL and SPSS were used for data analysis. Results: According to the results of goodness-of-fit indicators, the 5-dimensional, 24-item P-PTGI model was acceptable. Considering that the values of average variance extracted (AVE=0. 53-0. 75) were greater than the square of correlation coefficients between the 5 dimensions of P-PTGI, discriminant validity was approved. The convergent validity of the tool was confirmed according to the high lambda standard coefficients (0. 50-0. 93) between items and their related factors. Additionally, alpha coefficients for 5 dimensions of P-PTGI ranged from 0. 84 to 0. 93 which confirmed the consistency of the tool. Conclusion: This study revealed that P-PTGI, with 24 items and 5 dimensions, is a valid and reliable tool for assessing PTG in Iranian patients with cancer.

Background: In recent years, social capital, and especially its importance among the elderly has attracted the attention of researchers. Moreover, it was suggested that older adults lack sufficient physical activity that may be due to the lack of motivation. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and physical activity participation motivation among the elderly living in the west of Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. The research population consisted of aged individuals present in the public areas of the west of Tehran City, Iran (districts 5, 9, 21, & 22 of Tehran Municipality), such as sidewalks and passages, shopping centers, parks, mosques, and so on. In total, 400 subjects were recruited by the multistage sampling method. The Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), Participation Motivation Questionnaire for Older Adults (PMQOA), and Onyx and Bullen social capital scale were used to gather the required data. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson’ s correlation coefficient, Independent Samples t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS at the significance level of P<0. 05. Results: The Mean± SD social capital of the study subjects was equal to 86. 27± 23. 3. The fitness and social factors of activity participation motives had the highest (49. 72± 19. 34) and lowest (18. 97± 15. 96) Mean± SD values (based on an index of 0-100). Social capital was significantly associated with physical activity participation motivators (except fitness & medical subscales) (P<0. 05). Social capital was also associated with occupational status, the number of children, house size, and the economic status of the research subjects (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the social capital of the elderly participating in this study was pretty low. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between social capital and the motivators of physical activity participation (apart from fitness & medical); this result signifies the necessity of attention to the social capital of the elderly.

Background: Psychological disorders often threaten the mental health of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Higher levels of psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction provide these patients with better social relationships and greater biopsychological health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological wellbeing, early maladaptive schemas, resilience and perceived social support mediated by self-compassion and hope in women with MS. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted from August to October 2019. The study population consisted of all female patients with MS who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Milad Hospital, and Charity Foundation for Special Diseases in Tehran City, Iran. Using the stratification convenience sampling method, 300 patients were recruited as the study sample. The research instruments included the Self-Compassion Scale, Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Ryff’ s Scale of Psychological Wellbeing, and the Adult Hope Scale. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. SPSS and AMOS were used for analyzing the collected data. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between self-compassion, hope, resilience, perceived social support, and psychological wellbeing (P<0. 01). There was also a negative relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological wellbeing in the study participants (P<0. 01). The indirect path analysis data indicated that self-compassion and hope played a mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support, resilience, early maladaptive schemas, and psychological wellbeing (P<0. 01). Conclusion: The designed model fitted the empirical data very well. Therefore, the research components can help researchers, therapists, and psychiatric nurses to design better procedures to care for patients with MS.

Background: Health education, using new approaches in the nursing area, is of great importance. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of a health belief model-based education on maternal abilities to caring for children with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). Methods: This was a quasi-experimental non-randomized controlled trial with pre-test, posttest and a control group design. In total, 30 families with children with ARFID in Malang regency, Indonesia were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained based on the Health Belief Model (HBM); however, the control group received an education based on the routine nursing process model. The necessary data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire constructed based on HBM constructs. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS. Descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, and Paired-Samples t-test were used to outline the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results: HBM effectively improved maternal abilities to manage eating disorders (P=0. 009), promoting behaviors (P=0. 000), and paternal involvement (P=0. 000). Conclusion: HBM-Based education is recommended to be used in the provision of training in the mothers of children with ARFID.

Background: Patient Safety (PS) is a priority for all healthcare organizations. Instilling best practices is necessary for PS improvement. This study assessed the effects of Electronic Learning (e-learning) on PS culture among emergency nurses and nursing managers. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in March-August 2020 using a two-group pre-test, post-test non-randomized design. The study subjects included 69 nurses who were selected from the emergency rooms and 20 nursing managers of two hospitals in Qazvin City, Iran. They were recruited to study through the census sampling method. They were non-randomly allocated to either e-learning or a comparison group. The comparison group received PS-related education through two 1. 5-hour lectures on two consecutive days. The experimental group received PS training through a 15-part online course in two months. PS culture was assessed before and 3 months after initiating the intervention. The necessary data were collected through the self-report method using a demographic data questionnaire and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Chi-squared test, Fisher’ s Exact test, Independent-Samples t-test, Paired-Samples t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS. Results: The pre-test mean score of PS culture in the e-learning group was significantly less than that in the comparison group (P=0. 002). The mean score of PS culture significantly increased in both research groups after the intervention (P<0. 05). Besides, the post-test mean score of PS culture in the e-learning group was significantly greater than that in the comparison group (P<0. 001). Conclusion: E-Learning is more effective than conventional lecturing in improving PS culture among emergency nurses. This method is suggested to be used as an effective approach to PS culture improvement among emergency nurses.

Background: Traumatic childhood experiences, especially sexual harassment, are among the main factors causing anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT) and Existential Group Therapy (EGT) on depression, anxiety, and stress in the victims of child sexual harassment. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test and a control group design. The research population consisted of all men and women with a history of child sexual harassment referring to the counseling and psychological service centers of Isfahan City, Iran. In total, 45 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental groups and a control group (n=15/group). The experimental groups received EFT or EGT (eight 90-minute sessions), Accordingly, the obtained results were compared with the control group immediately after the intervention and 3 months later. The required data were collected by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) and analyzed by repeatedmeasures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS. Results: The current research results revealed that EGT effectively reduced depression symptoms (P<0. 01); however, EFT did not significantly affect depression symptoms. Both interventions reduced anxiety symptoms in the study subjects (P<0. 01). Furthermore, EFT was more effective than EGT in reducing stress symptoms (P<0. 01). There was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages as well as the time*group interaction in the mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress (P<0. 01). Conclusion: Based on the present study findings, psychotherapists and psychiatric nurses are recommended to apply these interventions for controlling depression, stress, and anxiety among the victims of child sexual harassment.

Background: Monitoring the adherence of pregnant women to taking iron supplements indicates controlling the appropriateness of taking a certain number of supplements. This increases the odds of effective iron absorption; a process that occurs by consuming at least 30 iron pills a month to prevent gestational anemia. This study aimed to determine the effects of monitoring pregnant women’ s compliance in taking up iron supplements through an Android application in Jambi City, Indonesia. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental single group study with a pre-test-post-test design. The study subjects included 50 pregnant women in their third trimester referring to 3 maternity Hospitals in Jambi City, Indonesia, in 2020. Initial data were obtained through Hemoglobin (Hb) measurements before being given a monitoring application and subsequent Hb level checks after giving the application. The obtained data were analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS v. 16. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: The results obtained in the initial examination indicated that the minimum Hb level was equal to 7. 3 g/dL and the maximum level was measured as 11. 2 g/dL. After the intervention, the Hb level increased to a minimum of 7. 6 g/dL and a maximum of 12. 2 g/dL. The Mann-Whitney U test data suggested a significant difference in the degree of compliance of pregnant women with iron supplementation (P=0. 010). Conclusion: Monitoring through the Android application increased pregnant women’ s compliance with taking iron supplements and presented a linear impact on increasing their Hb level.