JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AND IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 (35) |Papers Count:11

Background and purpose: Abu Mansour Muvaffak Heravi was an Iranian pharmacist and physician (4th and 5thAH/10th&11th AC) and the author of the first known pharmacy handbook in Persian language with the title of “ Al-Abnieh An Haghayegh Al-Advieh” . The researches about this book rely mainly on the examination of words from a linguistic viewpoint. However, no research has been taken regarding the extraction of pharmaceutical terms in the history of pharmacology studies. The purpose of this study is to explain the basic contents of Heravi’ s book regarding pharmacological knowledge and description of the structures used in pharmaceutical categorizations. Methods and Materials: This study was conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis method in the field of library studies was done based on the “ Al-Abnieh” book. Results: This study provided the opportunity of compilation of the structure of pharmacology according to Heravi’ s thought. A total number of 584 medications are introduced in the book of Al-Abnieh. The method of presentation of these drugs in the book showed that there are five major features in Heravi's thought regarding the categorization of drugs: nature and function, benefits and harms, temperament, origin of drugs, and the geographical dependence of the medications. Meanwhile, considering the book of “ Zakhī re-ye-Khwâ razmshâ hī ” by Sayyed Isma‘ il Jorjani, results of this study showed that the knowledge of pharmacology had been developed in terms of manufacturing compound drugs and scope of pharmacology from fourth to the sixth century. Conclusion: This study showed that Heravi have has an organized thought on pharmacology. This harmony is noticeable in both introduction and pharmaceutical sections of the book.

Background and purpose: Hakim Najib al-Din Samarqandi is one of the Iranian scholars of the Thirteenth century AD. He was a physician, pharmacologist, ophthalmologist, and psychologist. The purpose of this study is to study his life and medical works. Methods and Materials: This Research was carried out by a library and historical research methodology. We examined the life and medical works of Najib al-Din Samarqandi. Conclusion: Due to Najib al-Din's knowledge about medical, pharmacological, ophthalmological and psychological topics, it can be concluded that he has mastered all his sciences in a way that his skills and innovations reflected in many of the medical works by scholars, scientists and physicians after him.

Background and purpose: Quran is the great and eternal miracle of the Prophet of Islam. In this Bible, Maryam is advised to eat dates during the birth of Christ according to the verses 23-27 of Surah Maryam. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of date palm usage on the consequences of delivery in nulliparous women. Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial, 80 healthy primigravida volunteer women were enrolled (40 subjects in each group) after studying and signing the consent form. They were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The data gathering tool comprised four main parts of the personal profile questionnaire, controls performed in the labor, fluid intake rate, and the pain intensity using a 0-10 cm ruler. Interventions in both groups were done during the active phase (4-7cm dilation) and continued until the start of the transition phase (8 cm dilation). Observations were done according to the national protocol of labor and physiological delivery. Results: The findings showed that the mean active phase of labor in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0/01). Conclusion: The consumption of date syrup reduced the duration of the active phase of the labor and led to the progression of delivery without any maternal and fetal complications.

Background and purpose: The concept of temperament (Mizaj) is one of the most important concepts in traditional Persian medicine. Many prescriptions for maintaining health, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases are based on the specified temperament (Mizaj) of each person that varies from one person to another. Achieving standard methods for determining the temperament (Mizaj) is one of the main priorities of research in traditional Persian medicine. The fuzzy decision tree is one of the intelligent algorithms for data classification. The conclusion tree is the process of using specific examples and reaching a general model whose purpose is to learn how to classify the samples. Methods and Materials: In this paper, the data related to temperament (Mizaj) was used for data mining and modeling of the temperament (Mizaj) diagnosis. To this end, the fuzzy decision tree was trained with fuzzy ID3 algorithm. Results: Two trees were made for warmness/coldness and wetness/dryness. The produced rules were evaluated by traditional Persian medicine practitioners regarding their clinical application and accuracy. Conclusion: This was the first research in the field of diagnostic intelligence in traditional Persian medicine which can be used at the operational level by the experts of the field. Moreover, it can accept other research fields using optimization and other intelligent algorithms and even manipulative diagnostics.

Background and purpose: Traditional use of native plants as complementary medicine has been grown during the past 20 to 25 years, worldwide. Ginger, with the scientific name of "Zingiber officinale Roscoe", has been known as one of the useful traditional medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of diseases. The aim of the present study is to overview the beneficial effects of ginger based on the perspectives of traditional Persian medicine and modern science. Methods and Materials: In this review article, all of the papers indexed in the scientific databases including PubMed, Iran medex, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and all traditional Persian medicine books using keywords including ginger, Islamic Traditional medicine, health benefits, and modern science entirely were searched and discussed between 2000 and 2018. Results: It seems that ginger with its hot nature is effective in the treatment of many disorders including nausea, low blood pressure, bladder stones, pain, dysmenorrhea, and bacterial and fungal diseases. Useful components of ginger including gingerol, shogaol, zingerone, zingeberol, and paradol with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, insulin mimicking, stimulating beta cells, and anti-platelet aggregation properties play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as diabetes, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, asthma and bronchitis. Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of the ginger plant, its use as a medicinal herb in the prevention and treatment of diseases is recommended.

Background and purpose: Anemia is one of the most common and a widespread disease in the world and about one third of the world’ s population are affected. Today, despite the efforts made in conventional medicine, the treatment of some types of anemia has not been successful. In the sources of traditional Persian medicine many medicinal herbs have been introduced for the prevention and treatment of anemia due to the adaptation of the body with natural medicines and less severe side effects. The purpose of this research was to identify and introduce medicinal herbs known in traditional Persian medicine sources as hematopoietic or tonic drugs. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted by reviewing important books of traditional Persian medicine and comprehensive herbal monographs. Also, comparisons were made between chemical drugs and plant monomers in terms of influencing iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, anemia associated with chronic diseases, anemia due to abnormalities such as ionizing radiation, and pancytopenia. Results: Finally, 50 medicinal herbs were extracted and labeled as blood makers. These plants were classified according to the therapeutic characteristics. Among the most important herbs that have been considered in treating different types of anemia, mention could be made of grapes, coconuts, pomegranates, astragalus, and wheatgrass. Conclusion: This study can be used as a basis for clinical trial studies using medicinal herbs or compound herbal drugs production for the treatment of various types of anemia.

Background and purpose: In the field of health, WHO has endeavored to develop traditional medicine. Temperament plays a key role in traditional Persian medicine showing the individual differences. These individual differences have an important role in the direction of the individual's health. The purpose of this study was to investigate these differences in dominant temperament as the important factors in the body composition. Methods and Materials: The present research had a comparative method with four groups (cold-wet, warm-wet, cold-dry, and warm-dry temperaments). In this research, the relationship between temperament and physiological factors in non-athlete young men was investigated. Subjects were evaluated by a body composition assay. After collecting and importing data in SPSS software version 21, raw data was analyzed. Results: Intracellular water was significantly higher in cold-wet temperament than others. Extracellular water was also higher in cold-wet temperament, and only this difference was not significant between cold-wet and cold-dry temperaments. Relative muscle percentage in warm-wet temperament was significantly higher than other temperaments. Relative fat percentage was higher in cold-wet temperament. Body proteins were higher in warm-wet temperament in comparison to other temperaments however; there was no significant difference between the warm-wet and the warm-dry temperaments. The amount of minerals in warm-dry temperament was higher in comparison to other temperaments; this difference was significant only between warm-dry and cold-wet temperaments. The waist to pelagic index showed the highest amount in the cold-wet temperament and this difference was significant comparing three other temperaments. Visceral fat was also significantly higher in the cold-wet temperament. Basal metabolic rate was significantly higher in warm-wet temperament. The body mass index was the highest in cold-wet temperament which was statistically different with other temperaments. The total body water was also significantly higher in cold-wet temperament. Conclusion: Individual differences in terms of temperament are related to physiological differences that are important in determining health policy.