Clinical Psychology and Personality
Year:2012 | Volume:19 | Issue:6|Papers Count:7

This study was devoted to investigating the effect of stress on visual selective attention according to Extraversion (E) moderating effect. The sample group was selected with respect to neuropsychological control variables by multi-session random sampling from unmarried male Tehran universities’ students (60 subjects in three equal groups (20 subjects in each group); two experimental groups and one control group). In experimental groups, subjects administered cognitive stressful tasks and then their visual selective attention was assessed. The control group subjects’ visual selective attention was assessed without administrating cognitive stressful tasks. Sum of errors in counting and errors in classification designated the visual attention indexes. Results showed that stress significantly increased both counting and classification errors (p<0.001). In addition, Extraversion (E) reduced the effect of stress on both counting errors and classification errors (p<0.0001) significantly. These results revealed that stress reduces the visual selective attention to neutral stimuli and Extraversion (E) decreases this negative effect.

The current study was performed to examine the relation between attachment styles and adjustment. The method of this study was descriptive, correlation type. The sampling method was multiple sampling including 150 Bu-Ali Sina University students. Attachment styles was evaluated by Hazan and shaver Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) and adjustment evaluated by Bell Adult Adjustment Inventory. Findings indicated that there is a significant relation between attachment styles and adjustment, significant and positive relation between secure attachment style and adjustment(r=0.16), significant and negative relation between unsecure avoidant attachment style and adjustment (r=-0.23), significant and negative relation between unsecure ambivalent attachment style and adjustment(r=-0.35). Furthermore, secure attachment style is able to predict adjustment. Explaining the results, the fundamental and dynamic role of early affective bonds’ quality between the child and his/her mother in establishment and continuation of basic trust, once again, has been emphasized and the availability and responsibility are considered as emotional building blocks of adaptive immune relationships in the next periods of growth.

The purpose of this research is to trace the relationship between homesickness and the amount of perceived social support in the freshmen’s mental health. The present research uses correlations and cross-sectional study. The participants were 120 non-native undergraduate students [84 girls, 36 boys] of university of Guilan in the academic years of 2009-2010; they were selected randomly, and examined with Persian Homesickness, Vaux social support and Mental Health questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and Stepwise regression. These analyses showed that there are significant negative relationship between total score of social support and mental health score and there are significant positive relationship between homesickness and mental health, and also the variables of adjustment, total scale of social support, homesickness and loneliness can predict the degree of freshmen’s mental health. The results showed that by raising the amount of social support, the freshmen’s mental health will rise, and by experiencing homesickness more, the freshmen’s mental health will decline.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between “the duration of using methylphenidate” and “anxiety” in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this cross-sectional study, 32 children (ages 8–12) with ADHD were investigated in tree groups: non medication, short-term use of methylphenidate (1-3 month) and long-term use of this medication (more than 3 month). They were matched for age and intelligence quotient. For each group, Conner’s Parent Rating Scale-48, ADHD Rating Scale based on DSM-IV criteria and Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale were administered. The Finding indicated meaningful differences in the anxiety and worry-hypersensitive factors between groups and Scheffe test showed significant difference between group one and group two but no meaningful difference was found in Conner and ADHD Rating Scales. The results show that short-term use of methylphenidate may explain the anxiety in children with ADHD.

This study examined the efficacy of parent management training on depression and anxiety in mothers of children suffering from ADHD. In this clinical trial study, twenty mothers (10 in each experimental and control group ) who had at least one child with clinically diagnosed ADHD, aged between 6 to 12 years old, were recruited by the consecutive referrals to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Gil and BABY clinic, Rasht, Iran. Mothers in the two groups were matched by some demographic variables. Mothers in both groups completed two scales: Beck depression inventory and Cattle anxiety as a pre-test and post-test assessment. Subjects in experimental group participated in nine subsequent parent management training workshop sessions. The discrepancies of pre and post intervention were compared between two groups by SPSS software using repeated measure ANOVA statistical Method. The results showed that the intervention group had significant improvement on measures of depression (a=0.008 F= 7.83), (P≤0.01) and anxiety (a=0.000 F= 17.90), (P≤0.01). In Beck depression and Cattle anxiety scale in comparison to the control group, According to the findings of this study, application of parent management training is recommended to reduce depression and anxiety.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of self-efficiency training on runaway girls’ life quality in Isfahan city. The study has a single-subject method with multiple baselines across participants. The participants were three Isfahan Behzisti center runaway girls who came into the experiment in a stepwise fashion and received 12 individual sessions of self-efficiency training. Afterwards, they were given follow-up tests after 2 successive weeks of training. A life quality questionnaire of world healthcare organization was used as data collection method. The results of the data chart were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and visual analysis. Results revealed that the intervention has been effective on the three individuals (100% of PND for two individuals and 91% for the other one). The results of the present study were compatible with those of previously conducted ones indicating that the life quality of individuals increases along with the increase in self-efficiency. As a result, in this study self-efficiency training increased the life quality of runaway girls under study.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses. In order to treat this disease and prevent its repeated relapse, it’s necessary that we acquire information about treatment methods and the effectiveness rate of each. In this study, meta-analysis integrates the results of different researches, and then determines the effectiveness degree of the methods of treatment. This research wants to investigate the effectiveness rate of cognitive-behavior treatments on reducing depression symptoms, using meta-analysis approach. For this purpose, from among 50 researches, 42 researches were selected which were methodologically acceptable and meta-analysis was done on them. The instrument was meta-analysis check list. Findings of the research showed that the rate of effectiveness of cognitive-behavior treatments on reducing depression symptoms were 0/47 which, statistically, was significant (P≤0.001). This rate of effectiveness was considered as low according to Cohen table.