JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH RESEARCH
Year:2020 | Volume:9 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

market share of these products (2). Annually, 20% of food products produced in the world are contaminated with mycotoxins by fungal toxins. Aflatoxins are secondary fungal metabolites produced by toxic species of Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi (3). These compounds are highly toxic and carcinogenic and are known as mutagenic substances in the world. . . .

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important infectious diseases in the recent century caused by Mycobacterium (MB) tuberculosis. Despite new medical technologies and effective drugs, it still causes human deaths. This study aimed to investigate the trend and factors affecting TB prevalence in Yazd city from 2005 to 2014. Methods: In descriptive study, the medical files of TB patients referring to Yazd health and treatment centers from 2005 to 2014 were investigated. frequency, mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval were calculated and reported for quantitative data, and the frequency and percentage are reported for qualitative data. The patients' demographics and disease features were recorded in a checklist and analyzed using SPSS version16 software. Its confidence Level was 95%. Results: In this study, 882 TB patients were studied, out of which 51. 9%(458) were male 57. 7%(509) were Iranian, 42. 3%(373) were from other nationalities, and 33. 8%(298) Of Them were over 80 years old. The average age of TB patients studied was 49. 32± 17. The percentage of patients with pulmonary TB and patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis was 71%(626) and 29%(256), respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that health officials must pay more attention to TB disease in Yazd city. Enhancing life standards, active case-finding among prisoners, increasing physicians' and people's awareness about the health and treatment system services, and taking samples from suspected patients can play a crucial role in decreasing this disease.

Introduction: With regard to the importance of the environment in sustainable development along with environmental literacy among citizens, the present study aimed to assess the levels of environmental literacy among citizens residing in the city of Yazd, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive--analytical study, the sample size was determined based on the Cochran formula of 410 individuals. The data selection tool was also a researcher-made questionnaire comprised of items on demographic characteristics information as well as levels of awareness, attitudes, and practices concerning the environment such as air pollution, waste management, etc. Face validity verified by 10 qualified individuals as the faculty members and Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient of 0. 93. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 22. In this study, significance level was considered as 0. 05. Results: awareness score was statistically significant in terms of age, level of education, and employment status (p<0. 05). However, attitudes were only in a significant relationship with employment status (p=0. 004). The relationship between practice score was also statistically significant with regard to age, marital status, and area of residence (p<0. 05). A significant relationship was further observed between age and level of income and level of awareness, but there was no significant relationship considering attitudes (p>0. 05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between awareness, attitude, and practice scores (0. 323≥ r ≥ 0. 28, p<0. 001). Conclusion: Although awareness among Yazd citizens on some environmental issues was at low levels, in general, their awareness specifically regarding health issues stemming from air pollution was proper. In view of the importance of environmental factors, it is necessary to conduct various research studies to identify and control these factors and find proper solutions.

Introduction: Regular fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the preventative indicators for the development of obesity, disorders, and diseases. This study aimed to identify the determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption based on social cognitive theory (SCT) among first-grade high school female students. Methods: This Analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 264 high school female students who were selected through multi-stage random sampling from school students in Rafsanjan (Southern Iran). The data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the seven-day fruit, and vegetable consumption frequency, and its determinants questionnaire that was developed based on the constructs of SCT. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software through independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, one-way Analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. The alpha is equal to 0. 05. Results: The mean (SD) score daily fruit and vegetable intakes were 3. 43 (1. 67) and 2. 30 (1. 20) units per day, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that environmental factors (β = 0. 165, p= 0. 009) and behavioral skills (β = 0. 152, p= 0. 025) have a significant effect on fruit consumption score. Behavioral skills (β = 0. 151, p= 0. 022) and social support (β = 0. 143, p= 0. 049) have significant effect on vegetables consumption score, the constructs of SCT explained 71% of the variances in fruit consumption and 9. 8% of the variances in vegetable consumption. Mother's job (p= 0. 032) and family income (p= 0. 024) have a significant effect on fruit and vegetables consumption. Conclusion: Fruit and vegetable intakes were less than the WHO recommended level. Therefore, attention to environmental factors, behavioral skills, and social support is suggested.

Introduction: There are significant differences in the health status of different social groups, despite governments' commitment to improving health indicators, which can be avoided by intervening appropriately. In this regard, it can be mentioned that the formation of the social deputy in the Ministry of Health of Iran in 2016, which was dissolved in 1998, and the socialization of health were ignored. Due to the ambiguity in the new process of socialization of health, this study aimed to investigate the status of health socialization in the current structure of the country. Methods: The present study as a qualitative study carried out through documentation analysis and two in-depth semi-structured interviews with social deputies of two medical universities of Iran. Data were analyzed using the contractual content analysis method. Two in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with the social deputies of the universities of Tehran and Ilam, who were selected using convenience sampling to complete the findings. Results: According to the results of content analysis and 23 extracted codes, the socialization of health in Iran is debatable in two main areas, namely strategies and pillars of socializing health which consisted of three and five sub-themes, respectively. At present, the structure and pillars of socializing health and coordination among these pillars are vague and uncertain due to the distribution of responsibilities of the social deputy in other departments of the Ministry of Health and universities. Conclusion: For achieving equity in the socialization of health goals, it is better to clarify the socialization of health stewardship, strategies, and policies in the whole country concerning social issues and dimensions of the health system.

Introduction: One of the preventing injuries methods is recognizing common injuries in sports and causative factors of injury. The aims of this study was to investigate the injuries of beach soccer players in terms of prevalence and mechanism. Methods: The present study is a Cross-sectional and descriptive research that was conducted as a field study. Forty players were selected randomly from two teams of the Yazd province in premier country league that took place in 2019. For recording prevalence and mechanism of injuries, the modified injury report form by Fuller et al. (2006) was used. The SPSS software version 25 and the chi-square test at a significance level P < 0. 05 were used for statistical analysis. Results: In total, the most common injuries of beach soccer were in lower extremities (%69. 84), and for injury severity, %31. 75 were severed injury, and in terms of the type of injuries, the strain was the most of the injuries occurred (%33. 33). The amount of injury during the match (%60. 26) was higher than the time of training (%39. 68). The degree of contact injuries %73. 02 was significantly higher than non-contact injuries %26. 98 (p <0. 05). Conclusion: Most of the injuries in beach soccer are caused by playing bare foot and lack of shoes and guards on the legs and feet, and then on the knee. Contact of players is one of the main sources of injury in beach soccer, which is likely to be effective in preventing injury by changing training, implementing proper techniques, and improving performance factors by using injuries preventive programs.

Introduction: In recent years, different values of the general prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been reported in various studies and its related factors in Iranian society are not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with RLS in Iran by metaanalysis. Methods: This study was performed based on the PRISMA checklist. There was a time limit from July 1, 2014, to November 11, 2019, for documents obtained from English and Persian databases such as MagIran, SID, MedLib, IranMedex, IranDoc, Civilica, Islamic Science Citation (ISC), Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA-2) software was used to analyze the data by meta-analysis random-effects model. Results: The prevalence of RLS was estimated to be 32. 9% (95% CI: 22. 9-44. 7) in 24 studies with 26474 Iranian subjects that 65. 9% of whom were women. The prevalence of this disorder was 47. 6% in Iranian women (95% CI: 28. 7-67. 2) and 36. 7% in Iranian men (95% CI: 21. 4-55. 3). The most and the least prevalence of RLS based on the geographical region were respectively in the east (44. 3%) and north of the country (15. 5%) and this difference was significant based on meta-regression (p <0. 05). The prevalence of this syndrome was 50% in hemodialysis patients, 35% in other diseases, 25. 7% in pregnant women, 20. 2% in elderly and 13. 8% in adults. Conclusion: The prevalence of RLS in Iran is higher than in other parts of the world based on different studies. Therefore, early detection, prevention and treatment of this disorder in adults are essential.

Introduction: Many studies have illustrated climate change effects on social variables and health. This study aimed to identify the SDH associated with climate change. Methods: The present study is a review study with a systematic search. The keywords related to climate change and social variables were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed databases until June 2018. In the initial search 12097 articles were obtained and after the elimination of duplicate and nonrelated articles, 5932 articles remained After studying the abstracts, 342 articles were excluded based on entry and exit criteria (studies that were not related to climate change and SDH) and 43 articles remained. In the next phase, the full text of the articles was evaluated by two evaluators individually and the consensus method was used. 23 papers were finally included in the study. Results: According to the review, social variables related to climate change were divided into 5 different categories of variables, including structural variables related to climate change (socioeconomic status), variables related to social status and work conditions (access to health services, unemployment, immigration, inequality, education, work condition, food security), variables related to social relationships and social networks (social movements, urban warfare, riot, group protests, interpersonal violence), individual variables related to lifestyle (place of living; city/village), and individual variables (age, race, gender) based on social determinants of health. Conclusion: Climate change has a wide range of social outcomes. . Various groups that are vulnerable to climate change include women, elderlies, children, villagers, and workers.