Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development
Year:2017 | Volume:24 | Issue:96|Papers Count:14

This study investigates price transmission in citrus market and in different levels as producer, wholesaler and retailer using Error Correction Method (ECM). For this purpose monthly data was used. According to monthly data, first seasonal unit root was investigated. Based on their observations in the seasonal adjustment process, the transmission pattern of the domestic market price for the desired products was estimated. The results of estimation of price transmission model show asymmetric transmission in citrus market and in different levels. Only in orange market there is symmetric price transmission in long run between levels of wholesaler-producer. Also, in tangerine market there is symmetric price transmission in short run between levels of wholesaler-retailer and in wholesaler-producer. According to this results, market size and speed of price transmission in different levels of citrus market was different. Based on the importance of price transmission and its relation with market efficiency, it is suggested that control and market regulation policies with the aim of establishing symmetric structure in market are made.

In this paper, optimal operation of Doroodzan reservoir with optimal cropping pattern with emphasis on agricultural water productivity over three years was investigated. Therefore, an economic-hydrologic multi-objective optimization model was applied for 10 days.The Objectives were to maximize the agricultural water productivity and gross margin of domestic agricultural products. The lexicographic method was used for solving multi-objective model with GAMS software. Different policies such as agricultural water deficit, optimal ground water pumping, improved seed usage, environment water right were examined. Results showed by using all policies, water productivity was increased of 62% and agricultural water productivity was decreased 15% in average. But, gross margin of agricultural production increased about 0.2%. The optimal crop pattern contains 50994 hectares wheat with 40% deficit in ripping period and 9476 hectares corn without water deficit. Finally, rule curve of Doroodzan reservoir was estimated. Therefore, the water resource management decision makers can use optimal operation model and rule curve as the main guide to manage the release of Doroodzan reservoir. Also, monitoring of agricultural wells pumping and preventing exploit and obstruction of unauthorized wells was suggested.

The notion of poverty alleviation has become increasingly popular in recent decades. Exploring this issue depends on deep understanding of the causes of rural poverty. However, there is no consensus about root causes of this complicated and multi-dimensional phenomenon. A commonly neglected feature of poverty especially in rural poverty is that this concept relates to more than one set of overall accepted rules. This paper analyzes the roots of rural poverty using the Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to cover all the relevant sets of conditions. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect data from a representative sample of rural residents of Darab and Rostam counties, Fars province. A total of 211 farm families were interviewed using a questionnaire in 2014 to 2015. An empirical analysis of two primary and reduplicative study in Fars province indicated that two complex paths have higher coverage and consistency. The first pathway showed that a set of human, social, economic, physical and environmental factors were associated with rural poverty. Meanwhile, the second path revealed that human, economic, physical, environmental and life satisfaction factors were identifiers for the paths leading to rural poverty. Recommendations and implications are offered to alleviate rural poverty.

Rice it is one of the most important of daily requirement and necessary commodity. It has specific station in household food basket. So, the objective of this study is to investigate factors effecting on rice consumption in household nutrition basket of Rasht county. Hence, a Logit model was used. The results of Logit regression showed that having job, income, buying the crop to open form (not packing), the share of rice in household food basket and index of qualitative preferences have positive and significant effect on rice consumption and age has a negative effect. Also, index of qualitative preferences is the most important for consumers to other variables.

The increasing demand of agricultural commodities as well as weak management of resources has resulted in the country in order to satisfy domestic needs, a large part of the income is spent on the import of these goods. So in order to better manage the import of agricultural products and identifying the necessary tools to control the indiscriminate importation of these products, in this study, the pattern of imports of agricultural products (wheat, barley, corn, sugar, rice, chicken meat, meat, egg and oilseed) was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the price policy on imports of egg products, chicken, wheat, due to mainly impact, has higher importance. So, import tariff on wheat, meat and barley as an instrument of trade policy is very important. The study also showed that the impact of currency fluctuations on some of products is positive (meat) and in some of crops (sugar) is negative. Therefore to efficiently manage on agricultural products imports, supporting local producers and food security through food availability in the country, the appropriate policy instruments to keep pace with current trade policies, should be used.

Dust storm during the last ten years has made economic, social and environmental massive losses on the western provinces of Iran. Estimating the economic losses of dust storm helps to determine the cost - benefit of executive plans and actions. In this study, a part of the dust storm losses on the economy of highly vulnerable regions (West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Hamedan and Lorestan provinces) are estimated in the form of agricultural output value for the period 2006-2012 using parametric methods. The results show that under the four scenarios ten, twenty, thirty and forty percent decrease in agricultural output value, total economic losses to the agricultural of dust storms in four provinces during the study period were up to 4446, 10003, 17147 and 26674 million dollars respectively. In 2009 each closing day that officially announced by local government because of dust storm, has caused 49 million dollars lose based on "provincial value added" computation and 102 million dollars based on "average national value added" in these four provinces.In order to deal with the storm of dust and reduce its impact, assessment of all damages and dust storms, estimating the costs for dust control centers, develop a plan for dust control centers into a regional protocol, follow up the natural rights of citizens through regional and international organizations, encourage the Iraqi government to control the dust and compensate the economic losses incurred by farmers in selected provinces by government are recommended.

Monetary policy as a macroeconomic tool influences investment in agricultural sub-sectors. Given to the importance of agricultural sub-sector in the economy of Iran, the effect of monetary shocks on investment in agricultural sub-sectors was studied during the period of 1993 to 2011. By using panel data, a fixed effect model was estimated for the model of investment in sub-sectors of farming and horticulture, livestock, fisheries and forestry. The results show that monetary shocks have had a negative effect on investment in agricultural sub-sectors. In other words increasing liquidity has decreased investment in the sub-sectors. This coefficient shows that one percent increase in monetary shocks causes 0.92 percent decrease in sub-sectors' investment. Due to the results, it is proposed that the government should notice to the side effects of applying monetary policies in agricultural sub-sectors.

Proper pricing of water as one of the economic measures can play a role in reducing waste and optimizing water use in agriculture. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the appropriate price of water in irrigation and drainage network of the province, which is in line with the implementation of the targeted subsidies law. To achieve this goal by using linear programming, shadow prices of water for agriculture and using engineering economy, the cost of water from surface and groundwater sources were calculated, respectively. Then these prices were comprised with the water tariff determined by water companies and the prices that paid by farmers at current situation and according to this comparison, the some offers were proposed to determine the price of water in agriculture. The results showed that the average cost per cubic meter of water from surface and groundwater resources in Fars Province were 860 and 544 Rials, respectively, while each cubic meter of water in agricultural production provides a net benefit of 350 Rials. According to the findings, in a long-term schedule, it is possible to achieve real price in agricultural water. Also, it is recommended that water resources management policies in line with targeted subsidies law to be leads to the balance between full cost and full value of water.

Lean thinking is a technique to making improvement on productivity, efficiency and quality of the products, a wise look to value streams with having minimum changes in organizational fundamentals and it causes to enhancing the power of competitiveness of industries. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to evaluate the lean thinking implementation in processing industries of garden and farming groups in East Azerbaijan province.For data analyzing, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t test, Friedman test and fuzzy sets theory have been used. The results indicate that the adjustment rate of processing industries, garden and farming in East Azarbaijan with the index of setting the product value is high, but this adjustment with the index of pursuit of perfection is in the worst condition. Also, the adjustment rate of these industries with lean thinking, have membership degree of 0.932 which is on average level and with membership degree of 0.068 which is in high scores recognized.

Unemployment of university graduates is one of the most important challenges in Iran. Taking into account the capacity of the agricultural sector in Iran, the problem of agricultural graduate unemployment can be solved by enhancing entrepreneurship. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate and identify the factors affecting entrepreneurship of the agricultural graduates of Urmia University. The statistical population of this study consisted of agricultural graduates who had studied in Urmia University and succeeded to start and maintain a business.120 graduates were selected by using purposeful and snow ball sampling formula. Data was collected through a questionnaire that the validity of which was approved through experts' views and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach-Alpha coefficient as 0.79. The findings of the research showed that achievement motivation and training were the most important factors affecting entrepreneurship of the graduates. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that achievement motivation and training were the most influential variable in entrepreneurship of the graduates and six variables including achievement motivation, training, experience, risk taking, independence and tolerance of ambiguity could explain 57.7 percent of variation in dependent variable (entrepreneurship).