NANOMEDICINE RESEARCH JOURNAL
Year:2020 | Volume:5 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Background: Solubility properties of drugs intensify a crucial role during the formulation development process. Water solubility is one of the utmost important factor concerning drug bioavailability analysis. Cyclodextrins are supportive, competent excipients, required an ever-rising way to disguise unwanted pharmaceutical characteristics, exclusively poor aqueous solubility. Main Text: CDs are actively useful in medicinal industries for copious purposes, including improving drug solubility, safety, physicochemical stability, and bioavailability. Different solubility enhancement methods can resolve several approaches to trouble insolubility. Conclusions: Among all, the reported CDs complexation technique has been incorporated as one of the essential and imperative concepts to enhances the solubility, permeability, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of drugs. This review discusses some of the outcomes and broad solicitations of CDs and their derivatives in various drug delivery systems. This review also addresses the aspects regarding the new CD-based therapeutics, possible future uses and issues, and regulatory perspective in the modern scenario.

Nanotechnology has immense number of applications in all contemporary fields of science. Silver nanoparticles form an important part of metal nanoparticles, with wider range of applications in diverse areas of science. Plant mediated green synthesized silver nanoparticles are usually preferred due to its advantages over other metal nanoparticles viz. non toxicity, lesser energy consumption, cost effectiveness and lesser pollution. Plants belonging to Acanthaceae family are medicinally as well as pharmacologically relevant. They contain many important phytochemicals, which can reduce, stabilize and act as capping agents in the nanoparticle synthesis. Various mechanisms to synthesize silver nanoparticles are explored here to analyse its formations in the most efficient method. Different phytochemicals with various functional groups assisting the formation of nanoparticles during green synthesis are also summarized here. The synthesized silver nanoparticles show effective antimicrobial properties along with many other potential bioactivities. The mechanisms of antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles are also assessed. Various bioactivity studies connected with green synthesized AgNPs comprising of antimicrobial, antifungal, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, larvicidal, effect on Seed germination and growth are briefly outlined in this article...

Objective(s): Edible films and coatings are becoming increasingly important in food preservation applications to maintain quality and extend shelf-life in perishable foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation at 0 and 5 KGy on in-vitro antimicrobial property of basil seed mucilagechitosan films containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZEO) and MgO nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Methods: The gamma irradiation doses for fabricated films were 0 and 5 kGy using a 60Co source with a dose rate of 4. 18 kGy/h at the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (Tehran, Iran). The antimicrobial property of basil seed mucilage-chitosan films were evaluated using agar disk diffusion and broth micro-dilution assays. Results: The main chemical composition of ZEO were found to be carvacrol (65. 22%), thymol (19. 51%), ɣ-terpinene (4. 63%), and p-cymene (4. 86%). The highest antimicrobial activity was found for film containing ZEO 2% + MgO nanoparticles 0. 2% with inhibition zone and log DP of 5-7. 9 mm and-1. 76--3. 33, respectively. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacteria for the prepared films with inhibition zone and log DP of 5. 4-7. 9 mm and-0. 41--3. 34, respectively. A smooth, compact, and homogeneous surface without grainy and porous structure was observed in the pure films. MgO nanoparticles and ZEO completely incorporated in the film matrices. Conclusions: According to our results, it may be recommended that basil seed mucilage-chitosan films containing ZEO and MgO nanoparticles can be used for increasing shelf-life of stored food commodities.

The EOs formulated into nanoemulsion using the spontaneous emulsification approach, separately. Comprehensive stability tests were performed to select the optimum nanoemulsions of each EO. Anticancer effect of the most stable nanoemulsion of Zataria multiflora with a particle size of 43 ± 4 nm (PDI 0.4 ± 0.2 and SPAN 0.6 ± 0.1) was significantly better non-formulated form against four human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. Interestingly, the anticancer effect of Artemisia dracunculus nanoemulsion (16 ± 4 nm, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 0.4 ± 0.1) was also significantly improved in compassion to the essential oil. Considering the results, prepared nanoemulsions could be used as supplementary drugs or food additives...

Objective(s): The present work deals with the formulation of a nanostructured self-emulsifying delivery system of rosuvastatin calcium-containing a dietary lipid by chemometric principles to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of the drug. Excipient screening was performed based on the solubility of drug and phase behavior study using an aqueous titration method. A blend of liquid lipids, emulgents, and co-emulgents used to prepare the self-emulsifying delivery systems of the drug. Methods: Systematic optimization of the composition of the different formulation of nanostructured self-emulsifying drug delivery system (NSEDDS) performed using optimal experimental study design and characterized for emulsification time, zeta potential, globule size, polydispersity index, and drug release. In vitro drug release in simulated fluids and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats were performed to compare the biopharmaceutical performance. Results: The optimized NSEDDS contained 15% of lipid (Isopropyl myristate), 75% of emulgent (Tween 20) and 10% of co-solvent (Ethanol), which exhibited fast emulsification in 150 seconds, globule size of 68 nm, zeta potential of 27 mV and more than > 85% drug release within 30 minutes. Conclusions: In vivo pharmacokinetic study in the rat model suggested that improvement of AUC and Cmax values of 4.89 to 4.45-folds, whereas reduction of Tmax value of 0.95-folds in case of NSEDDS than pure drug. Finally, the optimized nanostructured self-emulsifying formulation of rosuvastatin calcium showed greater effectiveness in enhancing the dissolution and absorption performance of the selected model drug.

Catgut was enriched with copper sulfate nanoparticles (CSNPs@Catgut), in order to develop a new composited suture with antibacterial and healing properties. Introducing copper sulfate nanoparticles to catgut was performed using a reverse micro-emulsion technique. It is an interesting method because of easy handling and relatively low costs. In the revers micro-emulsion medium, nano-spherical structures containing the salt solution are created. The nano-spheres penetrate into catgut fibers and precipitate after drying to form the salt nanoparticles. The prepared CSNPs@Catgut was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XDR) technique, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity tests. XRD and SEM confirmed the CuSO4 nanoparticles formation and grafting on catgut surface. Antibacterial properties were illustrated by E. coli inhibition zone and CSNPs@Catgut showed a significant antibacterial activity compare with catgut. Results of cytotoxicity tests showed no difference between CSNPs@Catgut and catgut. The mechanical strength was improved and increased from 4.16 mm to 10.00 mm. Tissue reaction showed that necrosis and inflammatory cells were reduced from acute to subacute on day 14. Therefore, CSNPs@Catgut can be introduced as a reliable candidate for wound management...

In the current research, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were created using Euphorbia Pseudocactus Berger (Euphorbiaceae) extracts, which played the main role in the formation and stability of nanoparticles. The physic-chemical properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized by means of Ultraviolet– Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. UV-Vis results illustrated that maximum plasma resonance absorption of Ag NPs are about 426 nm. Size distribution and spherical morphology was determined by TEM method. The XRD was confirmed face centered cubic (FCC) structure for synthesized nanoparticles. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and Molecular dynamics (MD) were utilized to evaluate the nanoparticles. The antibacterial properties of biosynthesized Ag NPs were studied on E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 2592), P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and E. faecalis (ATCC51299) using micro dilution broth method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of synthesized Ag NPs on S. aureus and E. faecalis obtained 4 and 8 μ g/mL and P. aeruginosa and E. coli obtained 16 and 4 μ g/mL. So, synthesized nanoparticles can be utilized as an antibacterial agent in medical and industrial devices and tools. . .

Objective(s): Recently, nanoparticles have occupied the leading stage for the development of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have received significant concentration for their potent chemical, electrochemical, physical, antimicrobial and wound healing applications. This paper represents effortless, cost effective and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs from silver nitrate solution by using aqueous leaf extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum. Methods: The synthesis of nanoparticles was carried out by using the aqueous extract of Clerodendrum viscosum leaf and silver nitrate solution. The formation of nanoparticles was identified by the change of colour from colourless to dark brown owing to surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. The synthesized nanoparticles were identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. In addition, the antibacterial activity was tested by agar disc diffusion assay against some bacteria. Results: The appearance of silver nanoparticles was indicated by the presence of an absorption peak at 422 nm. The images of the electron microscope indicated that the nanoparticles were spherical and the average size about 56 nm at 25º C and 53 nm at 60º C. The X-ray diffraction was distinctly proven that the nanoparticles were crystalline nature. The results of microbial test also indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles had significant antibacterial activity. Conclusions: This experiment showed that leaf extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum can be used for eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles, which also have potential antibacterial effect.

Objective(s): The use of silver nanoparticles in the field of biomedicine is increasing day by day, but less attention has been paid to its toxicity. In this paper, the ability of the silver nanoparticles produced by a green synthesis procedure to protect the liver and its effects on liver function in male mice was investigated in a sub-chronic toxicity study. Methods: The silver nanoparticles functionalized the hydrolyzable tannin fraction of Myrtus communis (MC-AgNPs) were used for testing in vivo sub-chronic toxicity in mice model. The MC-AgNPs and Ag+ were intraperitoneally injected with different doses 5 times a week over 90 days. The biochemical, hematological factors were determined using an autoanalyzer following the routine procedures. In addition, histopathological test of liver tissue in laboratory mice were examined through haematoxylin & eosin staining. Results: The obtained results showed that liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) were decreased. The mean value ± standard deviation of white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells and Hb were increased, while red blood cells and hemoglobin decreased. Histopathological investigations indicated no obvious effect on hepatic cyto-architecture in the group receiving silver nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), and mild inflammation in the port space. In the groups receiving silver nanoparticles (100 and 200 mg/kg), mild inflammation, and moderate inflammation were observed in the port space and pre portal, respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicated that AgNPs could be safe even for long-term use in a therapeutic period if hybridized with active biomolecules.

The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities of green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Allamanda cathartica (L). Zinc nitrate serves as a precursor while the aqueous leaf extract as chemical reducing agent. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are confirmed by an analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction. The FTIR analysis indicates the existence of various functional groups in both the leaf extract and the Zno nanoparticles. The wavelength of the UV absorption was measured to a maximum of 360 nm. ZnO nanoparticles are measured for its crystalline form, shape and surface morphology using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The EDAX spectrum confirms that the ZnO nanoparticles contains zinc and oxygen. Green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against clinical bacillus sp. The anticancer acvitiy of ZnO nanoparticles were studied against human breast cancer MCF7 cell and the proliferation of MCF7 cell was substantially reduced when compared with the control cell viability. . .