RAYS OF CRITICISM IN ARABIC AND PERSIAN
Year:2013 | Volume:3 | Issue:11|Papers Count:9

Finding a way into the woman's world and investigating on her personality and temperament has always attracted the attention of scientists, philosophers and scholars in each era. Understanding woman's role and position in the human's complementary process requires continuous investigations and researches to clarify the ambiguities and problems that have led to prejudices about her and have introduced her as "Eternally Guilty".In the ancient Iran, we see wise and smart women that not only do not get angry with contempt, and indifference, but also they have shown such a reaction that has shocked all political, cultural, legal and social structures governing the society. Vays is one of those women. The goal of this study is to present her real personality and determination by which she could resist against the destiny that had been determined for her by others.Efforts are made in this paper to address woman's position in the ancient Iran by considering two poems, namely "Vays & Ramin" by "Fakhredin As' ad Gorgani" and "Bijan & Manijeh" by "Ferdowsi" and to investigate the main characters of the poems, i.e., "Vays" and "Manijeh" in order to compare woman's role from feminist viewpoint by considering the setting of the two stories which goes back to Ashkanid era.Research method is of library type. The subjects were collected by referring to the resources and were described through analysis and reasoning.

Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale-whether in poetry or prose- which is intended to convey a moral lesson.Characters in fable are often animals; but inanimate objects, humans and gods may also be presented in that. Fable in the Persian theosophical parables also has been used for expressing theoretical theosophy concepts and practical theosophy orders.Amongst artistic aspects of Molavi's works in the Shams’s lyrics (Qazaliate Shams) is employment of the narrative parables; there are 16 fables among these narrative parables; these fables in terms of structure and form are two types: 1. Fables with storied action and operation (6), 2. Fables in the form of dialogue or scenic story (10). These fables have the same theme and structure in terms of processing and simplicity and brevity is their outstanding feature.4 of the Molavi's fables are moral- theosophical parable and 10 fables are parable of theoretical theosophy concepts and 2 fables are parable of Kalam (Islamic Philosophy) thoughts.

This research aims to highlight the caliph image of the Umayyad Caliphin the poetry of Al Akhtal, and focuses on highlighting all the dimensions of this image. Al Akhttal shows in his poetry different images and he repeats them strikingly. The image came in the poetry of Al Akhttal through three images:- religious image.- political image.- traditional image.The general image of the Umaayad caliph introduced by Al Akhtal was a mixture of political and religious traits. This image aimed at establishing the islet of the Umayyad caliph.The researcher relied on the analytical descriptive method to conduct this research as it is the most appropriate to study this subject. The recourse to history to explain particular events as well as the context of specific texts was another strategy operated by the researcher.

In the vast world of narrative literature, the lyrical poems of Nezami Ganjavi with their unique narrative aspects, structures and origins are the type of Persian literature classic works that can be considered and criticized in accordance with principles of structuralism.In this research, "Khosrow and Shirin" and "Leyli and Majnun" romances have been analyzed structurally as samples of the most pleasing ones. So, at first some points about narration and its elements and units are mentioned. Next, by explaining characters, or, in another word motifs and their functions, the narrative elements of considered romances have been compared according to structural narration point of view which is the base of Russian theorist Vladimir Propp 's work in morphological analysis of fairy tales.In order to fulfill this, categories like plot, character, narration timing , order and pedagogy, continuity, narrator, have been considered to conclude how these elements with their own syntactic combination change the story from raw form (fabula) to narrative form and with this method of expressing, what the effect of lyrical content of story on the narrative elements is.

This article contains an aesthetic analysis of Imam Ali’s Sermon “Welayah”, using the views of the Formalists such as Roman Jakobson and Viktor Shhlovsky. The Formalists believe that it is the “Form” that creates the meaning. In this article, the concept and content of the Imam’s sermon is studied, considering the structural, phonological and lexical features along with its figurative language with regard to its whole form and structure leading to a deep concept which can only be appreciated through a formalistic study. The structure of this sermon is fully established on the opposition between the pious and the wicked, truth and false, virtue and doubt, peace and riot and going back to early Islam, from the beginning to the end of Imam’s Caliphate.In his profound thoughts and views, Imam Ali predicted confusion and confrontation. He expressed it in a sublime language, firm tone, deep affection, awesome and involving rhythm and creative imagination.

The colors, as the most important elements in the phenomenal fields, have attracted mankind's attention and enchant its spirit since so many years ago. Poets had more attention to the colors and became amorous of them. Because of the contemporary poet's knowledge from color's variety and their influence to the mankind's soul, they had a good relation with the colors and used them in their poems.Since the two colors of black and white are so significant in the poems of Siab, this paper tends to the survey of the importance of these two colors in the poems of this contemporary poet. After extracting instances of using this colors and presenting statistical tables of their usage, the reasons and the importances are described to demonstrate the mental conditions of the poet and finally to notify the effects of the mental conditions to the abundance of using this colors.The most important results from this paper show that these two colors are used to indicate the concepts of goodness and badness, or war and peace. Black color has most abundance in this poet's poetry which shows the big heartache of his mind.On the other hand using white color in his many poems indicates his wish for a pleasant future.

Child drama is considered as one of effective instruments in mental, emotional, and cultural child growth and Farhan Bolbol who is one of the best Arabic dramatis has entered in this field by writing three dramas. Drama of “green case” expresses a conflict between children and ghosts for gaining a green case which is symbol of freedom and success in this drama. Characters of this drama are going to gain a case and its key. Key in this drama is symbol of knowledge and attempt in life, because it is with knowledge and attempt that we can reach the happiness. Farhan in this drama is insisting on an educational method to satisfy children's intellectual needs and inform them about world of benevolence. In this article we are going to explain how Farhan uses all of dramatic elements to portray child world and what is the real aim which make him to be interested in child literature. We, by using a technical research method, try to extract different dimensions and elements of children's drama which is summarized in plot, character, themes, dialogue, conflict and we have explained instances of child world in this drama by a technical method. In the end, we have concluded that Farhan has used the drama as an instrument to teach and train children.

Thought of birth and death was one of the first human thought that tradition and philosophical schools tried to explain or find answer for it. Vitalization of sun leads to worshipping of sun and even to bury the dead on the special way that keeps their relation with sun.One of the most interesting parts of story of poem of BahmanNameh is description of Iranshah from Rostams' crypt and corpse. Corpse of this crypt are buried on the special way. How body of Rostam's family buried on the crypt and even some of other reasons seems that likely this family were followers of Mitra tradition. However, in this paper, clear relationship of burial of dead in Rostam's crypt with Mitra tradition is investigated.

Hafez and Abu-Nowas are two famous Iranian poets. The first is known for his lyrical and mystic poetry and the second, because of the wine poetry, historically remained. But this is the outward appearance, when we reflect on the depth we will know the untold secrets. Two words, "Rendi" and "Zarf", are very frequent in their poetry and those will introduce the characters of these two poets. After examining the meaning of these two words in dictionaries, we will find the truth that although the two are separated by six centuries the similarity between their ideas makes this distance meaningless. The research in this paper is based on historical -analytical method. According to the social characteristics of the poets' era and with critical and objective look at the evidences in their poems we study their personality.