Culture-Communication Studies
Year:2017 | Volume:18 | Issue:38 |Papers Count:7

Iran was occupied by the Allies in the World War II in August 1941. At this time no social force resistant against foreign forces showed up. This is while Iranian social forces had shown serious resistances against the foreigners in the Qajar era or in theyears following World War Ι. This article using Mill’s comparative-historical method tries to focus on this problem, and specially tries to study public social forces of resistance against foreigners in the Qajar era. These social forces include Clergymen, "Luti"s, guilds and leaders of tribes. Then the situation of these social forces will be traced in Reza-Shah era. This paper claims that the reason Iranians surrendered to Allies invasion’s forces, and social force even did not try to resist against them, was that they were weakened and suppressed during 16 years of domination of Reza-Shah in Iran.

As a realm of global communication, international relations considered an operational environment for interactions of international actors. Understanding behavioral principles of these actors lead to right understanding of their actions and playing. So, without this understanding, explaining and analyzing of their behavior is impossible. Nowadays, increasing the number of international actors and inclusion of various non-governmental actors has doubled the importance of their study. Understanding the actions of Shia Marjai'ah institution- as one of these actors- is not excluded. This forms the central issue and the basis of the formation of the question of this article: What is the Trans-Terrestrial Decision-making Pattern of Marjai'ah Institution and what are its theoretical foundations and practical rules. How it manages to provide objective needs and at the same time maintains religious goals and duties? "The rationale of the assignment" as well as "assignment -based rationality", forms the main structure of decision-making pattern of Marjai'ah Institution that is based on multi-dimensional and multi-stage model that enjoys the sources of Ijtihad (Marja'iah), the basic rules and observance of objective materials.

This article examines the concept of cultural diplomacy in I.R. Iran to propose a strategic model. Cultural diplomacy is carried out by a government to support its foreign policy goals or diplomacy (or both) by using a wide range of cultural manifestations for a variety of purposes. The methodology employed in this thesis is a mixed method research. The article examines cultural diplomacy as a set of depended variables on the basis of UNESCO international-cultural relations indices & also The Portland Soft Power indices. Scholars have asked questions about what factors affect cultural diplomacy.This study found that, the aspects of culture such as cultural rights, freedom of expression & information, women’s rights, treatment of minorities, sexual orientation & gender identity, cultural products, enterprise, government, education, engagement & digital are the most important variables of cultural diplomacy. The findings showed that Iran to upgrade the inter-regional relations on the basis of cultural, historical & religious similarities, to expand the bilateral cooperation in the field of culture, science & technology, to revise the current national rules & regulations affecting on cultural diplomacy, to upgrade the cooperation among the different organizations that are responsible for cultural diplomacy & also to support & promote the Persian language teaching institutes & Iranian studies departments abroad. The article concludes that cultural diplomacy remains a valuable tool of diplomacy and is likely to become more important to the government, particularly to its public diplomacy & as a contributor to soft power.

This study investigates the effect of the computer games on behavioral deviance of the game-net boys and its relation to children’s and juveniles’ criminal conducts in rehabilitation centers. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to gather the data. It was a field research and a number of 65 children and juveniles in Esfahan rehabilitation center were required to answer the questionnaire. The questionnaire was also distributed among the same number of non-criminal juveniles who were accustomed to playing computer games, but they were non-criminals. The data were analyzed in SPSS and through logistic regression. The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between playing the computer games on the part of the teenagers and their tendency toward criminal conducts. In fact playing computer games had a latent effect on the youth and teenagers’ tendency towards the criminal conducts, but this variable, i.e. playing computer games, was not so effective in the juveniles’ criminal conducts. One of the limitations of this study was the fact that the participants of this study at Esfahan rehabilitation center spent less than one hour a day playing computer games. However, a large number of game-net boys play games much more than an hour a day. Therefore, the hypothesis concerning the effect of playing computer games on the juveniles’ criminal conducts cannot be completely rejected unless the limitations of the study are removed and the participants of the study are selected from among those who spend more hours playing harsh computer games.

This study considers shown identification of the 5+1 countries related to nuclear negotiations, published in Iran newspaper from 2003 to 2013. During nuclear negotiations beteween Iran and 5+1 countries, west countries have tried to Securitization Iran nuclear plan and accompany with words such as nuclear bomb, and have menaced world security by media diplomacy. Therefore the media diplomacy is one of the most important and impressment factors on the new problems and in the special case on the Iran nuclear plan. The research question is introduced in this form: "How characters and materials of the 5+1 member's identification were formed in the Iran newspaper from 2003 to 2013?" This study is based on content analysis. Conclusions show Constructed identity in the international communication and indicate 5+1 member's identification in "friend" and "enemy" groups.

Since the advent of Iranian cinema, numerous films have been made and recognized as Kolah Makhmali films. Those film could survive through different eras of Iranian cinema by intentional usage of various elements of popular culture. It has attracted common- and sometimes elite- audiences and fiscally propelled Iranian cinema. In this research, explanation of national cinema production and rejection of cultural elitism are based on the ideas of Erwin Panofsky on three stratas of subject matter and the difference between iconography and iconology. Although Panofsky’s method of analyzing images was limited to visual arts in the beginning, its convincing power caught eyes of other forms of art critics. Under the influence of iconography concept, his followers in cinema believe that a true understanding of film only can be achieved by knowledge of the themes which are always considered as common knowledge for ordinary audiences. This research also studies the usage of those ideas on iconographical approach in film studies. The evolution of Kolah Makhmali films has been explained by its iconographical and iconological elements. Three stratas of meaning have been explained in this genre, then it shows how these films could be analyzed as national cinema and they have a substantial position in national film studies. These films have a historical awareness of audience’s interest and they use visual elements of popular culture and also have a conceptual approach toward the gentlemanhood and chivalry rituals and culture.

One of man's engagements has always been social communication for which he has sought to find various means such as old inscriptions on the walls of caves and the more modern graffiti. As a form of communication, bumper stickers reflect mindsets, emotions, and socio-cultural views of people. The reflection of deep socio-cultural issues through bumper stickers has unfortunately been underestimated in linguistic research. The current study aimed to analyze bumper stickers as an effective tool for the expression of socio-cultural ideas and meanings.2312 bumper stickers were collected randomly over a long period of time. They were content analyzed and categorized into 15 categories. They were also described in terms of Hymes' ethnography of communication. The results of the analyses revealed that religious and inspirational bumper stickers were the most frequent and the political and critical ones were the least frequent. Statistically significant differences were found between these categories of bumper stickers. The studies also showed how bumper stickers convey significant meanings through their setting, participant, end, act, key, instrumentality, norms, and genres.