JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCHES
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

The emergence of various intellectual ideas in the Islamic world after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) until today has posed the challenge of the convergence of the Ummah. The period of the Imamate of Imam Javad (AS) (825-842 AD) was also the season of prosperity, internal revolts, and foreign aggression against the Islamic Caliphate. The suspicious activities of these groups threatened religion. One of the threats was the division of the Ummah. The present study, by asking what the components of convergence from the perspective of Imam Javad (AS) are, seeks to identify these components in situations such as debates, confrontation with caliphs, and currents of thought. His teachings were manifested in the form of components of correcting theological beliefs with respect, lack of tension in political relations, good manners, adherence to the Holy Qur'an and tradition, and innocence from Islamic extremism. The study hypothesizes that Imam Javad (AS) considers the roots of divergence in not understanding the truth of religion, hegemony, and separatist tendencies. Imam's actions in the direction of convergence have been in the form of corrective measures in interaction with different currents, removing doubts, and avoiding any divergent action towards the unity of the Ummah.

With the coming to power of Reza Shah, the plans of the Pahlavi government to establish security, centralism, reform, progress, and new order came into conflict with Illyrian life. One of the Pahlavi government’ s plans for the tribes was settlement policy, an issue of which the Qashqai tribe was no exception. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the settlement policy of the Qashqai tribe by the First Pahlavi government. In the politicaleconomic relations of the Qashqai tribe with the first Pahlavi government, the question is: what were the purposes of the settlement program in the Qashqai tribe and how was it implemented? And what was the result of their settlement? Based on this issue, this study seeks to answer two questions: how was the housing policy implemented in the Qashqai tribe? And What were the consequences of the settlement policy in the Qashqai tribe?

Assessment of the role of pearls in recognizing some historical and traditional concepts governing the social and economic relations of inhabitants around the Persian Gulf, especially its central and southern coasts, is of great significance due to their special position for explaining the historical events and contexts of the Persian Gulf Region Administration. Pearl has been defined as an important commodity in the region's traditional economy, prompting researchers to explore its various social, economic, and political dimensions. Among the important historical backgrounds, recognizing and redefining how to manage this vast trade in local and regional dimensions and continuing to find traces of Iranian bureaucracy were the focus of this particular case study. With its analytical approach and based on some historical evidence, this article sought to answer the fundamental question of what the trace of Iranian bureaucracy in this process was given the mechanism of pearl fishing and trading. The prevailing premise was that bureaucracy had indirectly contributed to fishing management and regulation of pearl-fishing grounds.

The Azafids were one of the most famous families of jurists and scholars in the city of Ceuta in the Islamic period. They were able to rule this city often semi-independently during the 7th to 8th centuries AH and also rule over several other cities in some other periods. Due to their scientific and religious statuses, they were respected by the people, while being influential in the social history of Maghrib and Andalusia. Abu al-Abbas Azafi, the great ancestor of this family, wrote the famous book, Al-ddur Al-Monazzam fi Mawlid Al-Nabi Al-Moazzam, which influenced on celebration of Prophet Muhammad’ s birthday in this area. Only 5 members of this family came to power and the other members became famous as scholars and poets in their times. In this article, the author intended to identify the members of this family based on a library research and via the description and analysis of the contents of the related sources, while answering the two questions of what factors were effective in bringing these jurists to power and finally losing power and what their scientific and social statuses were. It seemed that the scientific-religious position and influence of the Azafids in the political turmoil of that period in Morocco and Andalusia led to their ruling, but this turmoil also removed their authority, as well as their activities from the scene of power.

Jafar Qoli khan Donboli was one of the influential members of the Donboli dynasty in the scene of political developments in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus during the Qajar period. In the events following the assassination of his father, Ahmad Khan, he played an important role in consolidating the rule of his brother, Hussein Khan, and restoring the glory of the Donboli dynasty. But his approach to relations with the Qajar government was unstable. Contrary to the practice of obeying the rule of Aqa Mohammad Khan, during the reign of Fath Ali Shah, in order to challenge his authority in Azerbaijan, he tried to open the door to the Ottoman and Russia by adopting the policy of confrontation. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the politics of Otomanism to Russianism in the relations of Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli with the Qajar government. Two questions have been posed in this study: what was Jafar Qoli Khan's relations with the Qajar? And what were the influential factors in his inclination towards the Ottoman and Russian? The results of the study showed that he revolted against the Qajar in order to counter the policy of integrating with the central power and maintaining the Donboli dynasty. Therefore, after failing in a military confrontation with the Qajar and the lack of support from the Ottoman, he turned to that government, observing the power of the Russians.

Preserving territorial integrity is one of the vital ideas of any governments. As the Safavid dynasty took power in Iran, Iran's territorial integrity, which had previously been seriously threatened by domestic and foreign claimants, … . To consolidate their sovereignty, the Safavid rulers needed to define and solidify the elements that highlighted their differences from other countries, while establishing internal unity based on shared characteristics. In their sub-discourses, they introduced their value system, which included Shiism and Iranian nationality with several provinces within their territories, redefined another concept, and presented a way of survival based on other concepts by emphasizing differences in religion, nationality, language, culture, and so on. Accordingly, by employing discourse analysis from Ruth Wodak's perspective and focusing on the two basic notions of "self versus the other" and "survival, " the present study aimed to analyze Iran's territorial integrity during this period and examine the features of this discourse.