Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Year:2021 | Volume:29 | Issue:8|Papers Count:8

Introduction: The importance and necessity of preventing the occurrence of these diseases in order to maintain and promote health, has attracted the attention of many researchers to methods of preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular injury. Metabolic effects of muscle mass loss due to the natural aging process are caused by decreased muscle activity and lead to high prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors cause disorders in the cardiovascular structure such as myocardial infarction, arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, etc. Research also has shown that muscle strength is inversely related to all causes of death and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide safe resistance training methods for cardiovascular patients. Conclusion Resistance exercise is effective in preventing or reversing the functional, morphological and structural changes of the heart. Research shows that resistance training prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and its function. This can also compensate for the functional decline caused by aging and disease. Because the methods of resistance training are various and are associated with many methodological problems, the study of the effect of exercise and resistance training in cardiovascular patients has always been controversial. This article reviews the findings of previous research examining the effects of the interaction between acute exercise and training in cardiovascular patients, and concludes the principles of prescribing resistance training in these patients. Overall, this study suggests that resistance training is beneficial even for the patients with CHF.

Introduction: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease, which leads to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Peripheral neuron damage result in Nav1. 3 elevations. Exercise training has beneficial role in diabetes management and peripheral neuropathy. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful biological antioxidant. However, the role of exercise training and ALA on Nav1. 3 are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of training with different intensity and Alpha lipoic acid supplement on soleus muscle Nav1. 3 protein in rats with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: healthy control, diabetic, complementary diabetic, intensive exercise diabetic, moderate exercise diabetic, intensive exercise + supplemental diabetic, moderate exercise + complementary diabetic. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups: healthy control, diabetic (D), complementary (alpha lipoic acid) diabetic (ALA), diabetic high intensity training (HIT), diabetic moderate intensity training (MIT), diabetes HIT+ALA (ALA + HIT), diabetic MIT + ALA (ALA + MIT). Rats were diabetic by intra-peritoneal injection of STZ. The HIT and MIT protocols were performed five days a week for six weeks. HIIT included 10 bouts of four minutes (running at 85– 90% of maximum speed) and MIT 13 bouts of four minutes (running at 65– 70% of maximum speed). ALA was administered orally 20 mg/kg once a day by gavage. Nav1. 3 protein levels were measured by immunohistochemistry method. Statistical operations were performed with SPSS version 16 software. Oneway analysis of variance and Tukey were used to analyze the data. Results: The level of Nav1. 3 increased significantly in diabetic group compared to the control (p≤ 0. 0001). Moreover, HIT (p=0. 0015), MIT p=0. 0056), ALA+HIT (p≤ 0. 0001) and ALA+MIT (p≤ 0. 0001) decreased significantly Nav1. 3 compared to the diabetic group. Conclusion: HIT and MIT can reduce the expression of NaV1. 3 in soleus muscle in diabetic rats. ALA combined with exercise training can be more effective to reduce diabetic neuropathy.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the causes of mortality in the world, which psychological factors play an important role in its occurrence and exacerbation. This study aimed to investigate the prediction of emotional repression based on alexithymia and type D personality in cardiovascular patients. Methods: Participants were 100 patients with coronary artery disease selected through accidental sampling from the patients undergoing treatment at Rajaee Heart Hospital in Karaj City and completed TAS-20, DS14 and ECQ questionnaires. The validity and reliability of all three questionnaires have been confirmed in domestic and foreign studies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 Software and Pearson correlation, Multiple regressions. Results: The correlation results showed that there was a significant relationship between alexithymia and personality type D with emotional repression in the cardiac patients at the level of 0. 05, and the results of multivariate regression results showed that alexityymia and personality type D did not predict emotional repression. Conclusion: Alexithymia, personality type D, and emotional repression are risk factors for the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: Physiological changes during pregnancy affect the teeth and tissues of the mouth and gums, which increases the severity of problems such as caries, inflammation, bleeding and swelling of the gum. Therefore, pregnant people need regular check-ups and provide adequate education. The aim of this study was evaluation of oral and dental health status in pregnant women referring to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan City during 2018. Methods: This study was performed on 96 pregnant women. The adjusted questionnaire was completed for each individual by interview method in order to complete the section on personal and pregnancy data and examination in order to complete the section on oral and dental health status. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29. 64. The Decay Missing Filling Teeth (DMFT) index in pregnant women was 10. 48 ± 3. 81. 75. 74% of the participants were positive in terms of BOP. 12. 50% had dry mouth. Using gingival index, 68. 75% of the subjects had gingivitis and the mean gingival index was 0. 98 ± 0. 79%. In terms of oral hygiene, using the index plaque assessment, the majority of the participants was moderate (45. 83%) and the mean plaque index was 1. 27 ± 0. 62%. Conclusion: Pregnant mothers have a moderate oral health. For this reason, it is necessary to inform physicians in order to refer them to dentists and educate pregnant women to observe oral hygiene and prevent the occurrence of oral diseases and gingivitis in pregnancy.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. Vascular plaques are formed on the inner surface of hardened arteries and gradually develop, reducing the diameter of the arteries. CXCR4 is one of the most important chemokine receptors, whose presence has been confirmed in cardiac plaques. Our aim was to determine the relationship between genetic diversity of CXCR4 gene (rs2228014) and atherosclerosis among the population of patients. Methods: The present study included 254 participants who referred to the Cardiac Angiography Department of Afshar Hospital in Yazd City. The main criteria for admission to the case group were coronary artery stenosis with angiography testing, and in the control group, the clients did not have coronary artery disease. The age and sex matching of the two groups were considered. Blood specimens were taken, and after DNA extraction, the SNP genotype of the CXCR4 gene was determined using ARMS-PCR. Statistical analysis of the data carried out using SPSS software version 19 and Chi-square test. Results: Genetic models of rs2228014 variant were evaluated in patients with atherosclerosis in comparison with the control group and a significant difference between allelic (P = 0. 333), homozygous (P = 0. 087), heterozygous (P = 849. 0), dominant (P = 0. 570) and recessive (P = 0. 086) genetic models of rs2228014 polymorphism was not observed. Conclusion: In the current study, no significant difference was observed between genetic models of rs222801 polymorphism in patients with atherosclerosis and healthy individuals. Based on our findings, the rs222801 polymorphism of the CXCR4 gene might not be considered as a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis.

Introduction: Dental injuries are very common event in childhood and have the negative impacts on their life. Proper emergency management is depended on the knowledge of non-professionals, such as health care teachers’ who are present at the scene. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and self-reported practice of primary school health care teachers on the emergency management of traumatic dental injuries in Karaj in 2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic study, an anonymous online questionnaire containing questions related to demographic information, history of previous exposure to traumatic dental injuries and caregivers' practice in dealing with traumatic dental injuries was placed in health care teachers’ virtual groups. Health care teachers were given one week to complete the questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were performed to analyze the data via SPSS software version16. Results: A total of 189 questionnaires were completed (response rate of 80. 77%). The mean score of their knowledge out of 10 achievable scores was 5. 63 ± 1. 98 and their mean score of practice was 4. 48 ± 1. 86 out of 7 scores. The results of unadjusted linear regression analysis showed that only the previous information of caregivers had an effect on their level of knowledge (p<0. 001) and by adjusting the effect of demographic variables, the results of this test showed that the work experience of health care teachers had an effect on their knowledge score (p=0. 009). However, the self-reported practice score of health care teachers was not affected by any of the demographic variables. Conclusion: This study revealed that insufficient knowledge and self-reported practice exists among primary school teachers on emergency management of traumatic dental injuries.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the role of mental disorders in predicting the treatment seeking (Treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking) among people with substance abuse disorders. Methods: The research method was analytical and cross-sectional. The statistical population of this study was people with opioid substance abuse disorder in Meybod City. The participants of the study included two groups of people with non-treatment seeking substance abuse disorders (n = 40) and the treatment seeking group (n = 40) who were selected by available sampling according to the specific conditions of these individuals. The data collection tool in this study was the Millon Mental Disorders Test and the data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis with using SPSS software version 23. Results: The findings of the present study showed that mental disorders could predict the status of people with substance abuse disorders in whether they are treatment seeking or non-treatment seeking. The results showed that non-treatment seeking group had a higher score in narcissistic personality disorder (B= 0. 27; Exp(B) = 1. 31), which was a statistically significant difference, but the treatment-seeking group had a higher score in antisocial personality disorders (B=-0. 18; Exp (B) =0. 83) and delusional disorder (B=-0. 50; Exp (B) = 0. 61). This difference was also statistically significant. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it can be concluded that there are different mental disorders between the two groups of treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking that should be considered by therapists. The findings of this study could pave the way for future research on comorbid substance abuse disorders and provide new research pathways for the researchers in the field of addiction treatment.

Introduction: Considering the changes, which implemented in the dental education program in recent years and also the importance of reviewing their feedback in educational affairs, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontics and dental public health departments of Dental School based on the CIPP evaluation model in 2018. Methods: The present study was performed in a descriptive cross-sectional format on the target population of dental students of 10-12 semesters and professors of the mentioned groups. Context, input, process and product were assessed using a questionnaire consistent with the CIPP pattern checklist. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and T-test via SPSS 16 software. Results: The average scores of professors and students in different areas of the Periodontology Department were as followed: the context (75, 58. 6); input (18. 9, 1. 37); process (68. 7, 8. 37) and product (56. 2, 1. 37) fields, respectively. In the Dental Public Health Department, the average scores also included context (50, 3. 64); input (25, 5. 63); process (100, 58) and product (75, 3. 58) areas, respectively. Conclusion: In the Department of Periodontics, the input as well as process and output were undesirable for the students and the input was undesirable for the professors. In the Dental Public Health Department, just input was unfavorable for professors and relatively desirable for students in all four areas.