Rasaneh
Year:2021 | Volume: | Issue: |Papers Count:7

Declining of press circulations is one of the most important challenges face by the press in Iran and the world today. We have studied this issue in a research work titled "Reasons behind the decrease the press Circulations in Iran from the perspective of journalism and communication professors of Tehran universities" with a qualitative method and based on in-depth interviews. The statistical population of this study includes twelve university professors who have work experience or press management background. To start with, a list of Tehran universities that had a journalism or communications department and a list of professors in the target group were prepared. And in a survey of professors in the same group, the most experienced people in the field of research, were selected. After interviewing individuals, significant propositions were extracted from each interview and organized and analyzed for making general classification. The results showed that six categories of cultural, political, economic, legal, technological and organizational causes are responsible for decline of the press circulations. Meanwhile, technological and economic reasons have had the greatest impact on reducing the circulation of all sorts of published press in Iran.

The growing spread and influence of social media, along with opportunities created by this same media, such as facilitating the communication process and the rapid flow of information, they have also posed significant threats. One of the major threats based on the the consensus of experts around the world is the production and dissemination of fake news. Rival governments, apponants and opposition elements, people with racketeers s and even rival organizations, aware of this capacity, manipuliate and distort the facts in the cyberspace of the target communities and countries on a large scale and direct public opinion towards materialization of their own their objectives, mainly against their governments. This process of widespread falsehood prevailing in the information space in communities has caused a wave harm and concern around the world. The emergence of these concerns has paved the way for new research to timely curb and reduce the destructive effects of fake news on public opinion. Under these circumstances, the news organizations in addition to their traditional role in news reporting, have a new task of dealing with online misinformation and fabricated news. The present article, being been written in such an information ecosystem, is aimed at finding solutions to counter fake news produced by professional news organizations, with an emphasis on Iran. To achieve this objective, in addition to studying extensive resourses in global libraries and categorizing their contents, 18 Iranian news and media experts, selected by purposive sampling, were interviewed in depth and and the obtaind findings were analyzed using thematic method and solutions were obtained. Then, the obtained solutions were introduced in the form of five steps including “ preventive measures” , “ monitoring” , “ decision” , “ reaction” and finally “ recording experience and knowledge” . In total, to answer the research questions, 6 comprehensive themes, 20 main organized themes, 11 sub-organized themes and 91 basic themes were found and presented in this article. News organizations, especially in the Iranian media environment, could rely on the findings of this study and design the process and deal with unfounded news by going throught the enumerated measures.

Today, the media is an integral part of social life. To better understand the dimensions of the media, its effects on various parts of human life, including the individual and collective thinking and behavior, could be taken into consideration. So far, the diverse and wide-ranging effects of the media have attracted attention and curiosity of many researchers; but what is clear, is the lack of purposeful research on the manyfold effects of media on human life and lack of promising future for a new perspective in this field of research. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of discovering and understanding the concepts related to the effects of media consumption and presenting a conceptual model of existing researches in this field, in a certain period of time and by purposeful sampling of existing research documents. The research method has been selected to achieve the desired goal of what is called the “ synthesis research” . The findings proceeded to induce central topics, using inductive three-stage coding. Based on the findings of the study, the less convincing and significant studies were identified and the categories obtained in the domestic field were determined as the development of individual-social identity, components of social capital, political action and cultural elements. In the foreign research sector, the final categories include the two dialectical titles of order and disorder and modeling of individual and social lifestyles. In addition, planning for proper media management is of essential importance.

The music industry is one of the most influential and profitable art-media industries that has found a special position and role in the media market in recent years. Therefore, one cannot be indifferent to its activities and challenges faced by this sector at the policymaking level. The present study is an attempt to find the policymaking question of the music industry in the Islamic Republic of Iran and to explain the network of policymaking actors and analyze the relationship between them. In this study, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 music industry experts, including industry activists, managers, journalists and university professors. The gathered data have been analyzed by actor-network theory. According to the findings of this study, the policymaking network of this industry is facing economic, cultural, regulatory, religious, educational, structural, legal and managerial challenges, which due to the lack of a coordinated policymaking network, these issues and challenges are yet to be tackled. There are diverse inconsistent private and public actors within the music industry policymaking network, and the absence of a central actor, has left the network unable to formulate and implement required policies. Also, due to the perceived complexities, this network is not strong enough to develop policies and address the challenges of the music industry. To address these issues, proposals have been made to design a strong network for the music industry policymaking sector.

Statistics show that the age of marriage for girls and boys has increased in recent years, and as a result, the number of single girls who have reached the age of marriage has grown. Although various media outlets have often covered this important topic only at the informative level, the problems and how this group of unmarried girls, interacts with the dominant structure of society have never been addressed. No. 17 Soheila, is the first work in Iranian cinema that deals with this problem. This article, which is based on the theory of co-culture and aimed at analyzing the qualitative content of this work, find out the consequences of untimely marriage, and examine specific strategies that this group of girls, as a multicultural group, may interact with and establish relations with the dominant group, which is in a higher position in terms of identity hierarchy. Findings of the study show that not getting married on time can have numerous consequences such as beauty and younghood decline, lack of self-confidence, loneliness and depression, becoming sensitive and touchy, subject to sarcasm by others, childbearing problems, unsatisfied emotional and sexual needs, resorting to abnormal relationships instead of marriage and finally more difficult to get married. Also, the image that the film presents of the co-cultural communication orientations, is in line with assimilation and conformity with the dominant group.

We often use an illustrative medium called media to perceive the world around us, in which reality is pre-encoded; encodings that lead to different decoding in the process of perceiving and inducing ideology. The popular television media plays an important role in teaching moral and educational concepts, entertainment, production and ideological orientation and modeling in society. Television programs, and especially Iranian TV series, are not only a mirror to represent the existing social conditions in a society, but also act as an ideological model of discourses for members of society. The present study, using the descriptive-analytical method and semiotic theory of John Fisk, with the aim of describing semiotically the way of representing the various social and ideological codes, present in the relationships in the comic n. kh TV series, seeks to answer the question of how the explicit and hidden layers of discourse meanings in this TV series are coded and what are their ideological functions. The results of the research showed that this series, as a text, has specific themes in the form of dominant discourses of integrity, collectivism, altruism, naturalism, self-sacrifice and democratic humanism through the collection symbols, actions, situations, dialogues and patterns of behavior.

Nowadays, some computer games are promoting a culture of addiction and drug use and disruption of social order and security by providing contents related on, teaching cultivation, production, distribution, trafficking, and illicit income through the drug trade. The purpose of this study is to investigate the approach of computer games in disrupting social order and security by promoting addiction and committing drug related crimes. This study is an applied research work in terms of purpose and in terms of method, is a combined research and an exploratory type. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research, which is based on data-theory, consists of 16 experts, including professional gamers, anti-narcotics high-ranking police officials, and officials from Anti-Illicit Computer Games Headquarters. In the quantitative section, 73 treated addicts aged 18 to 23 years, who had the experience of computer games and were fully acquainted with the subject of the research, who were selected for the statistical sample of the research using the available purposive sampling method. To assess the validity of the method and to measure the reliability of the qualitative section of the questionnaires, the reliability method between the two transition codes was used and to calculate the reliability of the quantitative section, the Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient was applied. The final coefficient between the two coders was 79% and the Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient was 801%. To analyze the information of the qualitative part, the method of content analysis and coding, MAXQDA software and to analyze the quantitative data obtained from the researcher-made questionnaire, one-sample t-test and SPSS software were used. The findings showed that the approaches of computer games in the tendency to addiction and committing drug crimes, which will also disrupt social order and security, are: promotional-publicity approach, with a greater role; Medium-income approach to revenue generation and empowerment; The educational approach has a role above average and finally the normalization approach has a slightly above average impact. The results of the study showed that computer games, by using measures such as creating financial temptation, promoting Western culture to use and teach how to use various drugs, methods of producing addictive substances, reduce fear and anxiety and other components, such as the spread of violence and increase users’ self-confidence, provoke and incline to drug crimes among players and disrupt social order and security.