JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2021 | Volume:23 | Issue:2 (105)|Papers Count:22

Background and Objective: Unfortunately, in recent decade, due to land use change and vegetation cover degradation, most of the rainfall changed into run off and causes abundant loss of life and property by creating enormous floods. The purpose of this evaluation was to study the run off impacts on the erosion of the catchment area using the MPSIAC model. Method: For this purpose, the basic information and maps of the Khadijeh Khatoon basin in 2018 such as topographic and geology maps were collected. Then the calculation steps of nine model factors including surface geology or metrology, soil, climate, run off, topography, land cover, land use, current erosion and river erosion, and erosion and Sediment is estimated. Finally, the relationship between runoff and erosion of the basin was determined and the model of erosion and sediment estimation from runoff was determined. Findings: The results of this study showed that the amount of soil erosion is equal to 5806. 97 tons per year and is 3. 58 tons per hectare per year. If the value of one ton of agricultural land is equal to 50 US dollars and if the condition of erosion is available, the value of 5806. 97 tons per year is equal to 290348. 5 US dollars, which is equal to 11613. 9 million Rials. The MPSIAC's seventh and eighth factor basins are the most effective factors. Discussion and Conclusion: This conclusion suggests that pastures around Khadijeh Khatoun are not well-conditioned due to over-capacity utilization, and the whole of the region's pastures due to climatic conditions. Also, the results showed that the runoff factor had a linear correlation of 0. 98 with erosion, which indicates that the higher the runoff, the increase in the amount of erosion and deposition.

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the design of crater width, crater height and base widths of four poles, Thirty-Three bridges, Khajou, Joey, and Marnan, constructed on the Zayandehrood River, and to explore the relationship between these variables underpins the theory that The form of these bridges is a direct function of their main function. Method: In this study, due to the high volume of data, the research method is based on Python coding and working with artificial intelligence algorithms that, after harvesting the required data and performing various calculations of the files in CSV format, and then considering field harvesting, openings four bridges were simulated in related software using the cosine relation of all openings and plots were plotted. Findings: The findings of this study suggest that there is a high similarity and a close relationship between the width and height of the craters on each bridge with that bridge itself and the three other bridges on the river, and the design of these bridges is less than a century old despite historical differences. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it should be stated that the more the historical period of the construction of the bridges is focused on the past, the wider the bridges are and according to the drawing diagrams of the openings of each bridge, they have high accuracy in design and construction. The 75-span bridge has a similarity percentage of 70 to 90, which is very similar to the 33 bridges and Khajoo bridge, and the bridge search and thirty-three bridges are the lowest. It can now be said that these bridges are designed based on their performance and according to the standards of that period, construction technology, available materials and suitable for climatic conditions and river water flow calculations.

Background and Objective: Reducing energy consumption by optimizing thermal losses is one of the most predominant parameters for designing sustainable and green buildings towards sustainable development goals. Recent research points to the importance of these issues to provide effective strategies. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate green wall thermal performance as an efficient strategy to reduce heat loss in cold and warm conditions in the humid climate of Rasht. Method: The present study was carried out through experimental measurement on a 2-story residential building of which it has a self-clinging plant attaching directly in the north direction. Through temperature and relative humidity data loggers, indoor and outdoor environmental data were collected. Findings: The results showed that the bare wall and green wall indoor average temperatures in winter and summer are about 17. 3 and 18, 30. 5 and 28 ° C, respectively. During wintertime, the green wall was able to keep the indoor temperature about 0. 7 ° C warmer than a bare wall. In addition, in summer conditions, it was found that the green wall was able to drop the indoor temperature by about 2. 5 ° C. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings, the green wall could have 9% thermal performance in summer and 4% in winter conditions. Eventually, green walls have a suitable thermal performance to reduce heat losses in the humid climate of Rasht in both winter and summer. It was found that the green wall in summer in comparison with the winter season could be 50% more effective.

Background and Objective: These days, due to increasing environmental awareness, most manufacturers in various industries, such as the automotive industry, are under pressure by consumers, the rules and patterns of industrial competition around the world, and because of these increasing drivers, green innovation has become one of the most important strategic tools for achieving sustainable development in this industry. In the automotive industry, this issue requires focusing on identifying and developing green innovation capabilities and implementing innovative green initiatives and practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the key factors and indicators affecting the promotion of green innovation capabilities in the automotive industry. Method: This study which has been conducted in 1399, is applied in terms of purpose and is classified in the qualitative-quantitative researches. In order to identify the key factors affecting the promotion of green innovation capability in the automotive industry, the opinions of university professors in the field of technology and innovation management, managers, and experts in the automotive industry have been used via comprehensive review of theoretical bases, research background, and Delphi method. Also, to test the fitting of the theoretical model of the research, the structural equation model method has been used by AMOS software. Findings: In this study, 47 indicators in the form of 12 key factors were identified and approved in the field of promoting green innovation capabilities in the automotive industry. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the key factors of stakeholder pressure and legal requirements, green R&D, green product innovation, and sustainable networking partnerships, respectively, have had the greatest impact on promoting green innovation capabilities in the automotive industry, that senior executives and policymakers in the automotive industry have to pay special attention to these capabilities, and should try to strengthen these factors

Background and Objective: Development of tourism in National park has many advantages both for their management and for tourists. But we should consider that tourism activities can have negative effects on tourism experiences and tourist qualities and characteristics in the absence of an appropriate planning and management and without determining the capacity and capability of the area. Therefore, determining suitable areas for expansion and development of tourism in preserved areas and national parks is crucially important for sustainable exploitation of natural resources. Method: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the ecological potential in Karkheh National Park with an emphasis on eco-tourism in 2013-2014 time period. Karkheh National Park is located along Karkheh River. In the present study, a method of multi criteria evaluation called weighted linear combination (WLC) and AHP method, along with GIS technology, was used to locate the tourism suitable areas in Karkheh National Park. Discussion and Conclusion: The criteria used in the evaluation were 16 criteria which were classified in three categories of physical, biological and cultural socio-economic. According to AHP outputs, the criterion of vegetation coverage type accounted for the highest weight and the criterion of slope accounted for the lowest weight. Eventually, areas suitable for ecotourism were determined with different degrees of potential and utility. According to the classified map of ecotourism potential, about 35. 82 percent of Karkheh National Park with an area of 2771. 36 ha had a suitable potential and 37. 86 percent of this park with an area of 2929. 77 ha was not appropriate for tourism development.

Background and Objective: Even though the various application of the nanotechnology in agricultural practices in the last decade their environmental implications have not been addressed enough. Soil biological activities are among the critical soil quality indices due to the rapid reaction with any changes in the soil condition. Therefor the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-scaled iron and silver particles on some of biological indices in soil. Method: The study was designed as a completely randomized factorial with three replicates, nano-scaled iron and silver in five levels (0, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mgkg-1). Treated soils were incubated in 50% field capacity moisture regime at 25 ˚ C. After 10, 17 and 30 days of incubation subsamples were taken acidic and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as microbial respiration were measured. Findings: The results revealed that nano-scaled iron, nano-scale silver and incubation time significantly (p < 0. 01) affected the microbial respiration. The highest microbial respiration was measured (47. 33 mgC g-1soil) at 200 mgkg-1 nano-scaled particles after 10 days of incubation. Although the alkaline phosphatase changed during the incubation time, nano-scaled particles and time have no effects on acidic phosphatase during the incubation time. The highest alkaline phosphatase activity (282. 2 μ g p-Nitrophenol g-1soil h-1) was detected after 10 days in 200 mgkg-1 nano-scaled particles. Discussion and Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a significant effect of the nano-scaled particles and time on soil respiration. This effect depended on the concentration and type of the nanoparticles. Soil respiration increased by incubation time. The effect of nano-scaled particles on the enzyme activities depends to the kind of enzyme and nano-scaled particles. Alkaline phosphatase activity affected by nano-Fe although nano-scaled particles and incubation time had no effect on the acid phosphatase activity.

Background and Objective: Due to the importance of Pireghar River and discharging of various pollutants in this river, investigation of quality of Pireghar River seems to be necessary. On the other hand, the pollution zoning and give a correct image about quality status of surface water by geographic information system (GIS) to make any management decision with more awareness. Method: Water samples from 5 station along the river was collected on February 2015, and water quality parameters namely pH, turbidity, temperature, TS, BOD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, and coliforms was examined. Sampling, preparation and analysis of samples was done according to the standard methods. The resulting data was compared with world standards and then analyzed using NSFWQI index and finally path of river was zoned using GIS. Findings: Based on NSFWQI index Pireghar river water quality was fluctuated between good and medium status at all stations. The highest NSFWQI quality index was related to the first station with quality index of 78 and lowest value was related to the fifth station with quality index of 66. As a result, pollution was increased from the first station to the next stations, and water quality has decreased. Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, for regular management of the river`s water some legislation should be determined and its monitoring program should be continued.

Background and Objective: Landfills cause environmental degradation and pollution by producing greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide and producing leachate as well as contaminating surface and ground water. Recently, the ecological design approach as a framework for reducing environmental degradation by adapting municipal solid waste management to environmental processes is expanding widely. Ecological design strives to maximize comfort by minimizing damage to the environment and natural processes while enhancing people's quality of life. Ecological design strives to adapt to nature through the use of natural materials as well as environmental considerations. Method: In the present study, according to the definition of sustainable design and understanding its applications, in order to achieve the best, most complete and practical design for the site in question, existing maps of the area, including aerial maps, topography, GIS, vegetation, upstream maps, site development plans, survey of active sites in Landfill, survey of contaminant types, study of COD and BOD indices of the site have been studied, as well as review and identification of existing status (Environmental, Physical, Climatic, Landscape, Land Use, Transportation, Biological) through observation, photography and interviewing strategic design of this area is provided with ecological-based approach by site staff and residents of neighboring neighborhoods in accordance with the principles and principles governing the design of industrial environments. Findings: The existing plan prevents contamination of groundwater levels and prevents contaminated surrounding urban areas and agricultural lands. Restoration of damaged parts of the landfill, reduction of the risk of contamination by animals and noise pollution and unpleasant odors and its release into the atmosphere. The landfill is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the country through biogas production from landfill gas collection and reduction of fossil fuel use. By collecting and using Landfill gases as fuel and power generation, the rate of emissions to the atmosphere is reduced. Maximum use of biogas is due to the greater use of digesters. Discussion & Conclusion: Design criteria are mainly based on existing constraints and needs and make the designer's policy clearer and significantly help in locating applications. Applying these criteria will help to enhance opportunities and take advantage of existing opportunities and make the project less threatening. After developing the strategies, designing from different perspectives is done to finally select the best plan for implementation by reviewing the concepts and comparing them with each other and in accordance with international standards. At the end of the study, the three concepts are finally selected and after examining these three concepts together, the winning concept is selected for the execution phase. Landfill is an inevitable step in waste management. In today's growing population, landfill has become an integral part of communities, but landfills should not be used as a last resort, but rather as a mean to create new uses for it. Converting landfills to recreational uses while also providing a pleasant place to meet the recreational and sporting needs of the area's inhabitants. Human landfill contaminates the area and destroys many animals and causes major disturbance in nature. Brings to enhance the quality of the landfills and with as the landfill site becomes more prone to disruption, it is necessary to look at the area as a demolished mosaic and take steps to repair it.

Background and Objective: Today the tourism industry is considered as one of the biggest industries in the world and is responsible for the highest percentage of the world’ s employment. This industry is very dependent on the climate of a region and many tourism destinations by using this factor have become a renewable and profitable source of tourism in specific seasons. The climate of a region can be one of its natural appeals. City of Neishabour because of its natural landscapes, adequate climate and appropriate water resources is one of the areas with potential for tourism development. Method: In this study we tried to assess Neishabour’ s bioclmati conditions according to Terjung, Evanz, Thermohigrometric, and Misnard indices using statistical synoptic data from Neishabour station from the years 1990-2010. Findings: The results obtained indicate that a wide range of bioclimatic conditions from hot to cold exist in this region annually. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, Neishabour’ s comfort period starts in month of May and lasts early November. Furthermore, the results of this research are adequate biclimatic information for authorithies and planners in order to use them in various developmental activities such as tourism development.

Background and Objective: One of the new methods to calculate the urban heat island and the role of different usages are the science of remote-sensing and satellite images, which are performed using thermal infrared radiation and applying the physical models to calculate the earth’ s surface temperature in large areas. Therefore, we involved in a study in this field in the present research aiming at investigating the heat islands and at comparing the thermal degree and the percentage of green space existing in four areas of Sari city. Method: Radians calculation, reflection coefficient, and images’ radiance temperature in ENVI environment and GIS software processing and analysis were used in order to obtain the heat islands of the city. The used data included the satellite images of TIRS, OLI, and Landsat Sensor 7 and 8 in three time intervals of 2009, 2013, and 2017. Findings: The results of satellite images processing have shown that 45 hectares of urban green vegetation has incurred usage change within 8 years. Also, the earth surface temperature during the statistical period in the minimum and maximum positions during the years 2009 to 2017 has had an increasing trend based on the calculation and this rise in temperature was seen less in areas of the city with more green space. Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that the city’ s central region, which is less suitable in terms of vegetation and dispersion of green space in comparison with other regions of the city, is warmer. A proper locating to establish urban green spaces in these areas in the coming years can play a moderating role in the city’ s surface temperature.

Background and Objective: The present study is to evaluate the surface currents of Khuzestan province and its forecast for the period 2019 to 2021 using time series models. Material & Methodlogy: The present study was conducted in 9 selected stations from Khuzestan province in order to compare the accuracy of the time series model and predict the amount of surface currents. For this purpose, the monthly flow data of the hydrometric station for 22 years (1391-2014) has been used. The multiplicative seasonal time series model of surface currents was investigated and the best model was fitted. Findings: The results of these studies show that the best models fitted in SARIMA (1, 1, 1) (1, 0, 1), SARIMA, SARIMA (0, 1, 1) (1, 0, 1), telephoto SARIMA, Primate (1, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1) SARIMA, Dezful (1, 0, 2) (1, 1, 1) SARIMA, Plain SARIMA, Dokehe (0, 2, 2) (1, 1, 1) SARIMA, Gotvand (1, 1, 2) (1, 0, 1) SARIMA (1, 1, 1) And SARAB (1. 1. 2) (2. 1. 1), which had good accuracy to predict surface currents. Discussion and Conclusion: Surveying the annual prediction of surface currents for 2019 to 2029 showed that surface currents in all selected stations decreased and this decrease in Ahwaz station to the highest and the two-hill station to the lowest values reaches to 9. 78 and 0/58 respectively; also, the monthly forecast showed that in December, with 6/98 and 1/67, the highest and lowest decreases would occur.

Background and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the development plans, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impacts and identify them in order to reduce the impacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of the rural water supply project in Birjand city using the Leopold Matrix Method of Iran. Method: In this study, the environmental impacts of rural water supply project implementation in Birjand city during the year 2019 and in two physical-chemical and biological environments and in the construction phase were evaluated using Iranian matrix method. To this end, various implementation modes have been formulated to evaluate the environmental impacts of the project activities and a Leopold Matrix has been developed for each of them. Findings: The results showed that the average environmental impacts during construction in the 7 execution modes were-1. 58,-1. 95,-2. 15,-2. 5,-2,-2. 21 and-2. 22. Also, the number of environmental impacts on surface and groundwater pollution are highest and protected areas are least. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the analysis performed in none of the seven matrices and columns examined for the executable states, the average rankings were not found to be less than-3. 1. So the project execution the supply is approved. To minimize the impacts, the lowest environmental impacts of each activity were selected, which would mean the average environmental impact of the whole project-1. 52.

Background and Objective: Urban expansion causes fundamental changes in the ecological landscape structure and function and a gradual change in the spatial structure and pattern of the landscape. Due to the importance of understanding the components of urban environment and how to understand the interactions between these components, the aim of this study is the urban-rural gradient analysis of Tehran using landscape metrics to quantify the landscape pattern. Method: Research data were collected in 2019 and the combination of gradient analysis and landscape metrics has been used to quantify the pattern of Tehran landscape. Land use maps of Tehran were classified using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images related to 2008 and 2018 in ENVI 5. 3 in categories of built-in land, open land, vegetation land and water. For the gradients analysis, a number of 4km×4km transects were designed in the four main directions, and passing through region 12 of Tehran. To calculate the mestrics of Number of Patches, Patch Density, Edge Density, Percentage of Landscape, Mean Patch Size and Mean Shape Index on both landscape and class levels used the moving-window technique. Findings: From 2008 to 2018, urban development has increased the Patch Density in the landscape. So in the central transect the continuity of the landscape has decreased and the fragmentation of the structural components has increased. At the level of the landscape, the Number of Patches and the Edge Density have increased dramatically. However, the Mean Patch Size and the Mean Shape Index have decreased. At the class level, the Mean Patch Size of open lands and built-in land has increased. Discussion and Conclusion: Along transects in addition to land use changes, Shape and Patch Density have also changed, and the process of these changes along transects is different. The percentage of built-in lands is the dominant matrix in transects near the commercial center of Tehran, and the area of vegetation lands and water has decreased from 2008 to 2018.

Background and Objective: Working in underground coal mines is considered as one of the most dangerous jobs due to the special work conditions, existence of too many risk factors and also the occurrence of various accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate and prioritize the causes of the accidents happened in underground coal mines in Iran. Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, 247 accidents occurred in the underground coal mines of three Iranian provinces during an 11-year period (2004-2015) were assessed to analyze and prioritize the causes of the accidents. The accidents were classified based on the US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) handbook and the data were analyzed using SPSS software tool. Findings: 76% and 24% of the accidents were occurred in the exploration phase and in the preparation of exploration workshop, respectively, where the highest percentage frequency of the accidents was related to the roof fall. According to results, roof fall in the exploration phase, the installation of fortification and maintenance activities were reported as the most important immediate causes of the accidents. Lack of hazard identification studies was also reported as the most important root cause of the accidents occurrence. Discussion and Conclusion: Instability of the workshop roof, as the most important intermediate cause, could effectively be improved by strengthening the roof support system and modifying the existing technology in mines. It is also necessary to highlight the hazard identification process and the implementation of control measures in mine management plan to prevent the occurrence of the accidents and to reduce their consequences.

Background and Objective: Dye is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants in industrial wastewater due to its harmful effects on both human and environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the polyaniline/ wheat bran composite in the removal of acid red 18 dyes from aqueous solutions. Method: In this study, removal of acid red 18 from aqueous solution using wheat born loaded by polyaniline was investigated. For this purpose, composite synthesized through in-situ polymerization processes. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch system at laboratory scale. The effects of various parameters including the amount of adsorbent, pH, initial concentration, temperature, and contact time on adsorption were studied. Further kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed on the data. Findings: The highest absorption rate by 0. 1 g of adsorbent was equal to 100% at pH =2 of the solution after 2-hour contact with absorbent. The results show that the kinetic pseudo-second-order model fits the data. The experimental data were adjusted with Langmuir model. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, a simple, economical, and efficient method was presented to remove biodegradation-resistant pollutants using polyaniline/wheat bran composite.

Background and Objective: In the architecture of Islamic period of Iran, public buildings such as mosques-schools were places for people to interact with different tastes and thoughts, with their diverse functions and spaces and with in-between spaces that played a decisive role in organizing the diverse functions of these places and linking them more closely. They formed a whole, and made it possible for one to stay in that place. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the in-between spaces on promoting a sense of place in the Qajar mosque-schools and to explore how in-between spaces can be effective in promoting a sense of place? Method: Correlation analysis in Spss software was used to analyze the variables, and with library, field and survey studies to investigate the effective factors in promoting sense of place and in-between spaces. Findings: Results of this study indicate that the coefficient of significance between the variables of sense of place and in-between spaces is less than 0. 05 and there is a significant relationship between these two variables. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of in-between spaces can be effective in creating sense of place in architectural space. Because today the concept of in-between spaces is very important in the design of architectural spaces, so that it can be used to reinforce the link between human and place in new public spaces, ultimately leading to better exploitation of the environment and the continued presence of people.

Background and Objective: Arsenic, as a pollutant, can lead to serious problems in aquatic organisms and human. In the present study, considering the economic and ecological value of Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus, genotoxic effects of arsenic on this species were assessed using the comet and micronucleus assays in 2016. Method: At first, the fish were exposed to the concentrations of 3, 6 and 9 mg L-1 arsenic. A control treatment without arsenic was also considered. Sampling was done during the 3 and 7th exposure days. To perform micronucleus test, blood sampling was done at two times and micronuclei frequency was determined. To perform comet assay, sampling was done from the fish gill tissue and the DNA damage parameters were assessed. Findings: Exposure to the arsenic led to the induction of micronuclei formation in the erythrocytes and DNA damage in the gill tissue. So that micronuclei frequency and values of damage parameters in the treatments exposed to arsenic significantly increased compared to the control (P≤ 0. 05). The induced damage level was dependent on the exposure time and concentration. The highest levels of damage parameters including Tail Length, Tail Moment, %Tail DNA and also micronuclei frequency were 101. 1± 1. 55, 57. 11± 1. 64, 59. 45± 3. 09 and 2. 26± 0. 58, respectively which observed in the treatment exposed to 9 mg L-1 arsenic. Discussion and Conclusion: The results from the present study indicated sub-lethal concentrations of arsenic can cause micronuclei formation and induction of DNA damage in Caspian roach. Therefore, it could be stated that arsenic has genotoxic effects on Caspian roach.

Background and Objectives: Feasibility studies are a tool that can increase the clarity of the conditions for planners. The purpose of this study is to identify the effective and determinant factors in the feasibility of establishment of occupational health and safety management system in Iranian governmental organizations. Method: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose and is in the category of applied development research. The statistical population of this study consists of two groups. The first group consisted of 30 experts and the second group consisted of all employees of governmental organizations in Kerman province with 77528 persons that the sample size in this area was determined using Cochran formula of 384 individuals. This research was conducted in 1398. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire on the feasibility of establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System whose validity has been confirmed by experts and its reliability has been confirmed in order to Cronbach's alpha value for feasibility variable for occupational health and safety management system deployment is 0. 986. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Smart Pls. Findings: The findings of the study indicate that intra-organizational and intra-organizational contextual factors and their components have a favorable status and their impact on the feasibility of establishing an Occupational Safety and Health Management System is positive and significant. Technological and temporal factors had the highest ratings with external ratings of 4. 24 and 4. 17, respectively, and leadership and information style factors with the average ratings of 4. 38 and 4. 31, respectively, they were the highest among the factors within the organization. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the factors considered in the present study and considering the strengths and weaknesses of these factors can greatly clarify the path towards the establishment of occupational health and safety management system in Iranian governmental organizations.

Background and Objective: Protecting the environment and providing solutions to improve the quality of the environment has required countries to conduct studies to study the factors affecting the environment. One of these factors is the financial development of countries, because economists have considered financial development as an important factor influencing environmental preferences, which varies according to business cycles. Method: The present study uses Markov-Switching method and time series data over the period 1394-1349 (1970-2015) the effects of financial development using depth financial index, financial development efficiency index (privy) and fundamental financial development index (bank) has studied the environment in the economic periods of the Iranian economy. Findings: In this regard, the economic periods of the Iranian economy are extracted using the Markov-Swichig model and then in the framework of econometric models using ARDL, the effects of recession and boom in the economy. The relationship with financial development on environmental quality has been examined. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that liquidity (financial depth index), in conditions of economic boom and recession, has led to reduction of environmental pollution in the country. Private-sector facilities (financial development efficiency index) have a positive and significant impact on the environment in terms of boom conditions, but under recessionary conditions, private-sector facilities do not have a significant impact on environmental pollution. Finally, the creditworthiness of banks (the underlying indicator of financial development) increases pollution in times of boom, but in a recession has reduced environmental pollution.

Background and Objectives: The importance of inhaling the clean air becomes more visible today. In the open air, a number of pollutants are considered as standard pollutants, one of which is particulate matter. The aim of this study was to study the environmental aspects of suspended particles in Tehran Municipality 9th district. Method: In this research, firstly, by referring to the municipality of district 9 and receiving the region information, the activities of the indicator of the producer of suspended particles were identified. Potential damage caused by these activities was identified and given the probability of occurrence, the power of diagnosis and severity of impact on the environment are classified. Findings: 7 activities were identified and for each activity 17 environmental consequences were identified from the EFMEA method. Of the 17 identified risks, 4 risks include lung disease, cardiovascular disease, digestive diseases and skin diseases that have the highest severity and ranked first to fourth and accounted for 2 risk accidents and driving disorder Traffic signs have the least impact intensity and ranked 16th and 17th ranked TOPSIS. Based on the EFMEA technique, pulmonary diseases with 524 and heart disease with 423 numbers have the highest risk numbers and misdiagnosis of driving tips with 50 and driving accidents with a 52-point risk factor. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding the risk assessment in this study, it was revealed that 2 risks of pulmonary disease and heart disease have the greatest impact on the general health of the people in the region and by reducing the environmental risks of the area by taking some control measures.